Amategeko y’abagizi ba nabi: Igihe cyo gushaka uko twasubirana mu butegetsi

Itangizwa ry’amategeko agenga abenegihugu n’ay’abagizi ba nabi

Sisitemu y'amategeko in i na Ikindi amategeko rusange ni Kabiri: na. Byombi Gushaka Kuri na Gumana: Itondekanya,,,,, na. i hagati na na. ni ya: Kuri wishakiye mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko ("""). Bya Impuzabitsina Bya Amashami:, na Kuri Kuri $" in, Cyangwa in A. Ingingo A Incamake Bya Amashami:,, na ku Ryari: Kuri Kuri Igikorwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko in Imvugiro.

Amategeko y’Abaturage ni iki?

Amategeko y' umwihariko hagati Amatsinda nyine , Cyangwa Ikindi Imiryango. Intego y'ibanze y'amategeko ni Kuri A ya: na Kuri i ya: Kuri & #; Ibikorwa Cyangwa., < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

Amategeko y'umuryango akubiyemo urutonde rurerure rw'ibivugwaho, huzuye amasezerano, imishinga, imishinga, imibonano y'umuryango, na akazi. Amabwiriza y'imyitwarire ya Leta agenga uko inkiko zishyirwaho, uko ibirego bitangwa (impano), na amanzamubiri yakozwe.

Bya

Ibiganiro Bishya Bifitanye Amakemwa

Kabiri Cyangwa Birenzeho Injiza A Ibyafataranyijwe Bifatanya, na Rimwe Kuri (A Guteranya), i - Gicurasi A Igikorwa. in Icyo ari cyo cyose Imvugiro: Imirimo, Amashinga, Amasezerano y'ubucuruzi, Ishinga y' akazi, Cyangwa ATARIIGIHARWE Byoroheje. Gushyiramo ya: i ku i, Cyangwa — A i Itegeko i Kuri Nka.

Ibyifuzo by' Amadosiye

Amategeko Amakosa Cyangwa Kuri Cyangwa Indangakintu:. Gushyiramo uburemere (Gukoba,, Imodoka,, na -), (GU.,,,,,,,,, na (G., IGIKUBO). Bya ni Kuri Kugarura i Kuri Ibirindiro: Mbere i, Gihinguranya Bijyanye n'ifaranga, in i,, na, na Indangabintu.

Amategeko y'Umuryango

Amategeko y'umuryango akubiyemo ibintu, urugero nk’ubutane, kurera abana, abana n’impamyabumenyi y'umuryango, kurera abana, no kurera abana.

Amacakubiri ashingiye ku butunzi

Amavuguruza ku bihereranye n'ingengabihe, Koresha, Cyangwa imyanya Bya Cyangwa Bwite Indangakintu:. Gushyiramo -, Umurongo:,,, na ku birebana n' uburenganzira bw'umwandu., Inkiko Gicurasi, Itondekanya Bya Indangakintu:, Amabwiriza Kuri Guhagarara Koresha, Cyangwa ya: Cyangwa Ibyihutisho.

Ibibazo by’akazi

Ibyifuzo by'amategeko by'abakozi bikubiyemo ibyifuzo by'ikosa, ivangura, ihembo na ISAHA, Cyangwa Amategeko ya:. na Leta irinda abakozi, na inzabibu ni uburyo bw'ubwicanyi bw' amategeko bwakoreshwa bwakoreshwa mu gihe abakozi bashaka indi mikorere y'uburenganzira bwabo. Akazi benshi bajya batangira kugenzura mbere na A (Nka i) Mbere yo gusonerwa mu nkiko.

Umutwaro wo gutanga igihamya mu byaha by’abanyagihugu

, i ku A [: 0% S] Bya i [[: 1]. Bisanzwe ni Birenzeho OYA i & #; i & #;., i i Cyangwa i Na: Biruta 50% Imishobokere. Bisanzwe ni Ntoya i Bya, Twebwe munsi.

Uko bakunze kwitwara mu bibazo by' imibare

[[: 0% S] [[[: 1]] — Kuri (Indangabintu y' imiti,, Indangakintu: idakora).
[[: 0% S] [[[: 1]] — in Bya Kuri i na Imyifatire.
[[0] Gisanzwe A isentare Itondekanya a Kuri a Ryari:
[[0] Ubusumbane [[[1.] — A Ububiko... Itondekanya a Kuri Cyangwa Kureka Kuri A.
[[: 0% S] Inyandiko [[[: 1] — A Ububiko Bya i & #; na Cyangwa.

Amategeko y’abagizi ba nabi ni iki?

Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo, amategeko y'abagizi ba nabi arebana n’imyifatire ibonwa ko igirira nabi umuryango w'abantu bose uko wakabaye, ikaba ibuzanyijwe n'amategeko. Leta (cyangwa guverineri) icira abantu urubanza cyangwa inzego z'ubwicanyi. Intego z'amategeko y'ubugizi bwa nabi zikubiyemo gukomeza gushyira mu gaciro mu ruhame, kwimangiraho imitekerereze y'ubugizi bwa nabi, guhana abagizi ba nabi, no kubaha incamanza. Imanza z'ubugizi bwa nabi zicirwaho iteka na leta (h) zishinjanywe n’abashinjacyaha, abasomyi, cyangwa abasomyi bakuru b’igihugu, cyangwa abaturage b’abaturage.

Ubwoko bw’abagizi ba nabi

unit-format

Imishinga ni itsinda ry'ubwicanyi bukomeye cyane, ihabwa igihano cyo gufungwa mu gihe cy'umwaka urenga, no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, binyuriye mu gufungwa cyangwa ndetse no ku rupfu. Ingero zikubiyemo ubwicanyi, gufata abagore ku ngufu, kwiba, gutwara ibirwanisho by’inkovu, no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’uruhushya.

Ikosa

Amakosa ni ay'inkomwahato, atangwaho igihano cy'imyenda, kubanza kurenganywa, gukora imirimo irebana n'imyitwarire, cyangwa kugeza umwaka umwe mu mabohero y'aho uba. Amakosa asanzwe akubiyemo kwiba ibintu byoroheje, kwiba, kwiyandarika, kwiyandarika, (ikosa rya mbere), na kwangiza. Nubwo kuba ari bike cyane ugereranyije n’ibyahabi, umuntu uhebye ashobora no kugera ku manza n’ingaruka zirebana n’ibyabi.

Imigabane

Ibyaha, nanone byitwa ko ari amakosa mato cyane, atuma umuntu asonerwa amafasi, ariko ntabone igihe cya gereza. Amatike y'imihanda, igenda, n’iyangiza ni ingero zifatika. Ibyahabibwa ntibifatwa nk’ubwicanyi mu nzego nyinshi, kandi abaregwa nta burenganzira bafite bwo gucirwa urubanza n’abacamanza.

Umutwaro urebana n’ibihamya bitangwa n’abagizi ba nabi

i kirekire kurusha ibindi Bisanzwe Bya: [[: 0% S] A [[: 1]. i buri Ikigize: Bya i Kuri A Dogere ni Oya in i Bya A NYACYO -. Icyo ari cyo cyose, i. Bisanzwe i Bya - A Gicurasi.

Inzabibu zishobora gucibwa mu migizi ya nabi

[[0]Ishyirahamwe[[[1] in gereza (ya:) Cyangwa kugirango
[[: 0% S] [[: 1] — Kuri i Leta.
[[: 0% S]Ibyatanzwe [[[: 1], A Igihe Bya Irekura: in i Ibisabwa.
[[: 0% S] Serivisi [[: 1] — Akazi ya: A Impindu Cyangwa Ibikorana:.
[[: 0% S][[: 1] — Kuri ya: ku i Ubwicanyi.
[[: 0% S] Bya [[:] — Nka i Iburyo: Kuri,, Cyangwa Gufata Uburenganzira.

Ibintu by’ingenzi Binyuranye Bifitanye Amategeko y’Abaturage n’Abicanyi mu Ruhande

Aspect	Civil Law	Criminal Law
Parties	Plaintiff (private) vs. Defendant	Government (prosecution) vs. Defendant
Purpose	Compensate victim, resolve disputes	Punish, deter, protect society
Burden of Proof	Preponderance of evidence (>50%)	Beyond a reasonable doubt (>99%)
Decision Maker	Judge or jury (often fewer than 12 jurors)	Judge or jury (typically unanimous verdict required)
Outcomes	Money damages, injunction, specific performance	Incarceration, fines, probation, death
Right to Attorney	No right to appointed counsel in most cases	Right to appointed counsel if indigent (Sixth Amendment)
Double Jeopardy	No protection; can be sued again in some circumstances	Protected: cannot be tried again for same offense after acquittal or conviction

Ibinyuranyo ni Icyihutirwa Kuri Bya Kuri. A UMWE Gicurasi Kuri Byombi A na A (- Urugero:), Umusomyi A Impanuka kamere, Na: na ya: ku i & #;.

Mu gihe amategeko y’abagizi ba nabi n’ay’abagizi ba nabi arenze urugero

Ibyabaye Imbarutso A na A. Urugero: ni i..: yarekuwe ku bihereranye n'ubwicanyi, yabonetse afite uburenganzira bwo gupfa mu nkiko. ni i Byatandukanye, / i OYA Kwemeza A, i Abaturage bahuye na i Gito gisanzwe. Imikoro isanzwe ikubiyemo na (inyandiko zikosorwahohohoweho, ibyemezo by'ifasi, na Ingwate.

Ihuriro ni i Umwanya Bya & #; & # 221; Ubukozi bw' amategeko Nka Umweru -. Urugero,, ni A ku i, i na () Ibikorwa na Bya., A Bya Gicurasi Idosiye A Leta.

, A Urwihisho rukoreshwa bwa gihamya mu A. Urugero:, NIBA Umushinjamishwe ni yashinjwe ibyago, in A Kuri Ifashayobora i & #; ya:. ni Nka Cyangwa, i Kuri i Bya i.

Ingero z’Imipaka: Ibihe Bikoreshwa mu Gushaka Inzu y’Ikiza

Imanza z'abaturage n'iz'abagizi ba nabi, zombi zigengwa n'amategeko agenga imipaka . Amategeko ashyiraho igihe ginini nyuma y'ibyabaye, muri byo akaba ari ho hashobora gushyirwaho. Kutaha igihe gihoraho, bishobora kukubuza gushyiriraho uburenganzira buhoraho bwo gusesa cyangwa gushinja.

[[: 0% S] Bya [[: 1] - Uturenganyo nka Oya Amategeko Bya, Ku Icyo ari cyo cyose Igihe. Gicurasi Imbibi Bya 3 - 6 IMYAKA, Gicurasi 1. - 2 IMYAKA. i Igihe, i.
[[: 0% S] Bya [[:] -] —: Bwite IMYAKA Kuva: i Itariki: Bya; Indangabintu Gicurasi 3 - 6 IMYAKA; Indangakintu: IMYAKA. & #; & # # & # 222; Kuhagarara i Isaha (e., NIBA i ni A Cyangwa i ni Inyuma Bya Leta).

Kubera ko igihe umuntu asabwa kurengana gishobora kuba kiruhije kandi kigoye, ni iby’ingenzi ko uhita ugisha umushinjacyaha kugira ngo utazatakaza uburyo ufite bwo kumusaba ko ajya kumusura.

Igihe cyo gushaka uko twasubirana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko: Inama y’ingirakamaro

Igihe cyo kwitwara muri politiki

[[: 0% S] [[[: 1] — Bijyanye n'umutungo, Ifatika, Ibyifuzo, Cyangwa Indangakintu: ku & #; Cyangwa Bya Ishyirahamwe.
[[: 0% S] in A Gihinguranya [[: 1] — ya: Urugero, A Kuri Garuka Umutekano, A Imirimo A -, Cyangwa A ku.
[[: 0% S] A Itegeko Kuri Kurinda Uburenganzira [[[1:] — Nka A Amabwiriza in A, Cyangwa Itondekanya itanga uburenganzira bw'ubwihisho Cyangwa.
[[: 0% S] Cyangwa Ku Akazi [[: 1] na (G.,).
[[0] in [[1.] Ku, Nka A, Spall - na ku Indangakintu:, Cyangwa A IGIKUBO.

Igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bwemewe n’amategeko

[[: 0%] Cyangwa Na: A [[: 1] — A Kuri Kurinda Uburenganzira bwawe, Na:, na in Urukiko.
[[: 0% S] A Bya A [[: 1] — Idosiye (ni i & #; Inshingano), Icyegeranyo i Kuri Na: i. A NIBA A Cyangwa ku.
[[: 0% S] Wizera [[[: 1]] — NIBA A Intego: Bya A, ni Icyihutirwa Kuri Gushaka mu by'amategeko Mbere Kuri Kuri incamake. Byakoreshejwe.
[[: 0% S] BYAKIRIWE A Cyangwa [[: 1] — Ifashayobora na, -.

Tumenye aho twakinira hakiri kare

Uko imimerere yawe yaba itegetswe n'amategeko ya gipolitiki cyangwa y'abagizi ba nabi, inama z'umushinjacyamategeko ni ingirakamaro. Mu bibazo bya gipolitiki, umucamanza ashobora gusuzuma imbaraga z'urukiko rwawe, gutanga inama ku matura., kwita ku bisabwa, no kongera indi mikoro. Mu bibazo by'ubugizi bwa nabi, umucamanza ashobora kwizeza uburenganzira bwawe bw'ibanze, uburinzi bwirinzwe ku gihe cyo gufatwa mu gihe cy'icirwamo urubanza n'icy'ihuriro. Abacamanza benshi batanga inama za mbere ku burenganzira, na ubufasha bwemewe n'amategeko bishobora kuboneka ku bw’abafite amafaranga make.

Uruhare Inama Zirebana n’Amategeko Zigira Muri Buri Muce

Abashinga amategeko

Abacamanza b'abenegihugu bashinzwe kwikorera ibikorwa, urugero nko gukomeretsa umuntu, gusezeranya amazu, amategeko y'umuryango, amategeko y'akazi, n'ubucuruzi. Uruhare rwabo rukubiyemo kubaza abakiriya, gukoranya ibihamya, gukora inyandiko z'ibyapanze n'imishinga, gukora ubushakashatsi, gukora imyitozo, gushyiriraho hamwe, no guserukira abaguzi mu gihe cy'icirwaho cy'urukiko cyangwa cy'amakuru. Mu mategeko y'umuryango, bashobora no kuba abahuza cyangwa abashingwamanzabikorwa b'akazi b'afatanya.

Abagizi ba nabi

Abashinjacyaha ni intiti mu bikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi, amategeko ashingiye ku mategeko n'amategeko. Bagereranya abantu bashinjwa ibyaha ku bihe byose (-"") kugeza ku manza yo gucira urubanza no kwiregura. Imishinga yabo ikubiyemo gushakisha abantu mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko no gusesa, kwambukiranya, imishinga y'intagondwa yo gusesa cyangwa guhinagura ibihamya, na irego by'imboneza. Abashinzwe gusebya leta ni abashinjacyaha bashyizweho na leta ku barinda abaregwanwa badashobora kugura inama z’ubwihishozi, kandi bafite inshingano zimwe z’ubushishozi nk’abashingwamanza.

Abashinjacyaha

Abashinjacyaha ni abacamanza ba leta bahagarariye i Leta in. Bifata umwanzuro niba ari Kuri Idosiye, Kuri, na ibyifuzo Kuri. Mu gihe bafite imyanya yo gushaka ubutabera aho kuba banze kwifashwaho, mu nkiko, ni abashinjacyaha mu nkiko. Abagizi ba nabi bagengwa n'amategeko, nubwo ubutegetsi bwinshi buha uburenganzira, nka i Uburenganzira bugomba kwumvirwa ku gifungo.

Igisoza

i By'amategeko Sisitemu, i Ikigabanya hagati na ni i Itangira Intera Kuri Bigyanye na Imirimo. A Inzira: Kuri na Imikemurire Bya By' umwihariko, na.,, na Ibice, na. Gushaka in A By' amategeko Gicurasi, OYA Gutinda $(:] Na: A Igerageza i Bya na Gihinguranya i. Ibisobanuro:, Ibikorana Nka i [[: 0%]] na [:], [#], [# # # # #, na i Ibinyuranyo Bityo.]