< > < / > < > Ikinyejana cya 20 < / > Nka Igihe ya: Amatsinda aharanira uburenganzira bw' uburenganzira bw'isubizwamo ku isi. i Byatangiye: i Amabwiriza birebana n'imyitwarire y'amoko, iyi Igihe Byarahindutse mu buryo bugaragara mu mibanire y'ishyingiranwa na Bigenga., Abashingwabigenga, na Abaturage banze amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa, na itangiriro ry'ishyingirwa mu buryo bwiyongera. Ingingo i By' ingenzi, ibihagarariraho, na inzego by'urwe mu rwego rw'urwego rw'ishyingiranwa mu kinyejana cya 20, bitsindagiriza imyifatire y'ubusumbane.

Ibyaha byabuzanyijwe mu kinyejana cya 20 hamwe n’ibibazo bya mbere

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, amategeko y'ishyingiranwa mu bihugu byinshi yari yarashinze imizi mu bihugu bifitanye isano, igitsina gihuje n'imyitwarire. Muri Leta za Amerika, muri leta mirongo itatu zishinzwe amategeko arwanya imibare y'amoko ashingiye ku mategeko agenga imishinga y'amoko (yakomeje gushyirwa mu mwanya wayo kugeza mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1960., ibisangwa byinshi by'u Burayi byashyiragaho ibisabwa n'ubwiyandarike, n’uburenganzira buciriritse bwo kwitunganya, n’uburenganzira buke bwo gutana.

., Byashyizweho mu 1909, mu ibyiciro by' ivangura ry'amoko mu ishyingiranwa, ariko amajyambere yabaye asanzwe. Imiryango y'akazi, cyane cyane ihuza na mbere - na dimanisme, yashishikajwe no guharanira ihinduka mu burenganzira bw'ibintu by'abagore n'amategeko y'ubutane. Mu mwaka wa 1929, Leta y'Ubwongereza yateje ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'amategeko igeze ku myaka 16, mu buryo runaka, mu gihe imihati yo guharanira ishyingiranwa ry'abana ibyegera ku ibyemenwa. Imihati yo gutangira imishinga, n'ikigoriro, yashyizeho indi mishinga ya nyuma y'ikinyejana cya kinyejana.

Uretse amategeko arebana n'ishyaka n'ibitsina, imibanire y'ibitsina yaregwaga hose cyangwa ibanga ry'amategeko. Nta mategeko yariho arebana no kwemera ko imibanire y'ibitsina ihuje n'ibitsina, kandi abantu bahawe ibihano bikomeye, hakubiyemo gufungwa no guhatwa imiti. Imiryango ya mbere y'ubwigenge, nka COC (yashyizweho mu wa 1946), na Matachine Society (1950 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika), yatangiye gushyigikira ko gusesanya ishyingiranwa, nubwo uburinganire bw'ihuriro bwari bukiri kure.

Ishinga ry'Ikigo cya Leta na Ishyingiranwa ry' Umwihariko

na cy/ byagarajwe A Gusunika in, ku i Bisangiwe. i, i in -. Bya [: 0% S] v.[[:]] [[: 1]] i Bya IMYAKA. na, in ya:. Kuva: i Leta, Kuri i, Hasi -. [Bya] i, Cyangwa OYA, A Na: i. [[2]

Bya [[: 0% S] [[: 1] Byongerewe kure kure i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Byahumekewe mu bindi bihugu bifitanye n'amategeko amwe, nka Afurika y'Epfo (yari yarashyizweho amategeko y'ubwiyandangiriro) na Burezili (imyidagaduro y'ishyanga ry'ishyanga). Ibyashyingirwa byashyizweho indi myanzuro y'amategeko y'ibanze, A ihame mu ishyingiranwa ry'ingirwa.,,. Ibice bimwe na bimwe byagerageje guhosha i ku ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'ubwicamo, na public replation. Imyanya yashyingirwa ishyingiranwa ryemewe mu rugero rwagutse cyane; Nka A Byabonetse ku inyabumwe na Binyuranye Byo mu ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'ubwigenge.

Uretse Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, hari ibindi bihugu byabonye ibintu bifitanye isano. i Gavumenti ya Rubanda yo mu mwaka wa 1965 yabuzanya ivangura ry'amoko mu duce tugenewe abantu bose, ariko ntiyigeze itangira gushyingiranwa. Icyakora, kuba abantu barushaho kubona ko hari abantu b’amoko atandukanye bashakanye bafitanye isano n'ishyanga ry’uruhu, n'imyifatire y'ibyakorwa n'uburenganzira kamere y'ikinyamerika, byagiye bibuvanaho buhoro buhoro buhoro ibizira by'ikinyamushobo. Muri Kanada, ishyingiranwa ry'amoko ntiryamye ribuzanyijwe, ariko urwikekwegeyo kugeza mu mwaka wa 1970.

Iterambere ry’Umuryango w’Abashakanye: Kuva ku Gitare Kugeza ku Kuba Umuntu Uzwi mu Mategeko

Bigezweho Isubizwa Kuri i, ku i in. A Ibyiciro Bya ku + Abantu, na A Gishya Uruziga Bya ku Ukugaragara na. i, Imishinga nka i na i () Kuri Guhatira ya:, na na. [:] [[:] Incamake Bya i). [[1]

Itangira By'amategeko Kuri Gitekaanye: - in i in, Ryari: A, na, Byashyizweho ya: A Uburenganzira bw'umuhimbyi., [[: 0% S] v.[[:1], i in ya: “Bya A Ikibazo." Kuri Kugaragaza... i i Nka. A Gusunika: ya: i Ibikurikira > Imyaka mirongo, ku na Ubwihisho.

Byazanye indi mihihibikano n'imihihibikano. Ibyago bya SIDA byashenjaguwe mu mwaka wa 1982, byatsindagirijwe ko nta burinzi bwemewe n'amategeko bwabitswe ku bashakanye bahuje ibitsina. Abajyanama banze uburenganzira bwo gusura ibitaro, umurage, na nyungu z'ubwishingizi.

i, i Byombi Aho bigeze: na. in [[: 0% S] v. [[: 1] [[:]] () () in 1996, i Ishyingiranwa Nka hagati A na A ya: Impamvu na Kuri Kuri - Kuva: Ikindi., A Nyuma, A, i Itangira in Na: Bya i Imirimo Bya.

Intambara z’Ingenzi Zishingiye ku Mategeko zo mu Byahigaga 1990

By' ingirakamaro Ububiko Hanze i., i Bya in [: 0% S]. H. [[:1] [.] [[-]) - Bijyanye n' ingano () in i Insobanuro Bya “" ya: Gushigikira Impamvu. Gutunganya i ya: Cyuzuye in., i Iposita - i, in, ku i Ishingiro Bya Icyerekezo:, i Itangira Igihugu: in i Kuri., & Kugeza ya: i Kuri - EXPRYP [:] in [:] Bya. [/ V:]

Imitekerereze y’isi yose ku birebana n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’abashakanye

Mu kinyejana cya 20 imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa ntibyari bisigaye mu bihugu by'i Burengerazuba. Muri Amerika y'Epfo, ibihugu nka Arijantine na Burezili byatangiye gucibwaho iteka ry'ubutane n'ihuriro ry'abaturage. Ishingiro rya Cuba ryo mu mwaka wa 1976 ryatumye abantu barushaho kugira ubusumbane nubwo bashyingirwa. Muri Aziya, Ubuyapani na Tayiwani byari bifite ibikorwa bishyashyamiranye, ariko ubusumbane bw’ishyingiranwa bwarakomeje kuburanwa kugeza mu kinyejana cya 21. U Buhindi na bwo kubona ko uburenganzira bw’abahuje ibitsina bwaraciriritswe mu mwaka wa 2018, ariko uburenganzira bw’ishyingiranwa buracyahagarizwa.

, i Icyihutirwa. Imyanya y'ubwigenge yabayeho inyuma y'amatsinda y'ubuturage yakomeje amategeko yafashe amabwiriza y'ubwicanyi, yakomotse ku mategeko y'ubwicanyi, cyangwa y'igisokoranya., Indinduro ya Afurika y'Amajyepfo yahindutse ingero- shingiro yatanzwe ku burenganzira bw'impanuka. Indwano y'ubusumbane yo gushakana mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika, Nka itsinda ry'ubwikunde inzego mpuza, (1999), amategeko arekuramo ubwicanyi butyo bukomeza no mu mashya. Nanone kandi, inzego mpuzamahanga ntiyigizemo uruhare mu birebana n'impaka y'impagarari.

A Bya Aho bigeze:. Bya, in [: 0% S] na. [[: 1] [0% S], Kuri Ishyingiranwa - Birenga Imibare muri i Ingano: Bya i Iburyo: Kuri Ubuzima. i Impera Bya i, i Bihari in,,,,,, na i. Igihugu: Bya hafi na i Bya.

Amashusho n’imiryango by’ingenzi mu ntambara yo gushaka uburenganzira bw’ishyingiranwa

, na. [, [[:] [[: 1] [[/]) Rimwe Bya i Itangira Amatwaro in i Igihugu. A, ya: na in. A Bya. [:] [:] [:] [:], A Urufunguzo Igitunganya... Bya i ku, A ya: Byombi Ikiyega na, Icyerekezo:.

nka [[: 0% S] [[: 1] () () Byakoreshejwe Igikorwa Kuri na By' amategeko ya: Abantu Na: na. [[:]] [[:] [[:]] [[:] [[:] na i [:] [[:] [[:] ya: Imibanire na [v:]. [[:] [:] [[:] [:] [[:] na [v]

, nka [[: 0% S] [[: 1] Ibimenyetso Bya i. [[:] v.[:][:], 2013] in i [, By' amategeko Igerageza Kuri ku Imyaka Ibarirwa muri za mirongo Bya. [[: 4.] [[:] na A Urwego rwo hejuru Ishinga Biturutse ku i Ishyingiranwa. [:]

Amakoraniro n’ubuhagarike bw’aho umuntu aba

A Urufunguzo Kuva: i Bya i Bya 20 ni i Bya Kwambukiranya Amatsinda y'amategeko. ya: Ishyingiranwa ry' imishobokere ku i Igenda, i Igenda Kuva: i na - Indwano Bya i. nka i [:] [+] [+] Kuri hagati na., Nka na Amatsinda. A Buhoro.

Ibibazo by’amategeko n’iby’imibanire y’abantu mu kinyejana cya 20

Nubwo habayeho amajyambere akomeye, mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20, habayeho imishinga ikomeye irwanya uburenganzira bw'abashakanye. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, intangiriro za DOMA mu mwaka wa 1996 zakurikiwe n ’ urwego rwa leta “isubizwamo. Mu mwaka wa 2000, amashyanga 35 yari yarashyizeho amategeko cyangwa imyitwarire igenga amategeko agenga ishyingiranwa ry’abashakanye bahuje igitsina. Izo ngingo zashyigikiwe n’amatsinda y’amadini agendera ku migenzo y'ikijyejuru, ashyigikira ko ishyingiranwa ry’abantu bahuje igitsina. Kiliziya Gatolika, Isosiyete y'Amajyaruguru y'Amajyepfo, n’andi madini yimakaza imishinga y'ibyatsi, harimo “Abitsweho interuro yasuzuguye cyane y'abana bacu.

Mu rwego rw'isi yose, inzego zigendera ku birebana n'umuco zihindagurika na zo zagiye zisubira inyuma. Mu Burusiya, Boris Yeltsin wafashe umwanzuro wo gusesanya ibitsina mu buryo butabazwa mu mwaka wa 1993, ariko imyifatire y'imyifatire y'imyifatire y'imyifatire ya kimuntu yakomeje kuba mibi, kandi uburinganire bw'ishyingiranwa ntibwari bwigeze bwitonderwa cyane. Mu Burayi bw'iburengerazuba, ihinduka rya nyuma y'ikoranabuhanga rimwe ryatumagandurira imyifatire y'ubugabo n'ishyingiranwa. Mu bihugu byinshi byo mu Burasirazuba bw’Akahise na Aziya, umurage w’abakoroni waho ((ihujwe n'amahamezomezo) ntibyashobokaganje mu by’idini.

Ibibazo by'amategeko byaje biturutse mu tundi duce tutari twiteze. Abaharaniraga imyitwarire muri LGBTQ+ bashidikanyaga ku ishyingiranwa, bavuga ko ari ishyirahamwe rigengwa n'amategeko ryatumaga havuka imbaraga ziva kuri zambukiranyaga, urugero nk'ubukene, uburwayi, n'urugomo rw'abapolisi. Icyo kintu cy’imbere cyari gifitanye isano n'uruhare, kigatera urujijo rw'uruso rw'uruso, nubwo, itsinda ry'uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa ryakomeje kunguka inyungu, cyane cyane cyane nk’uko mu bihugu byinshi riba rishaka kwemerwa n’abantu benshi.

Uruhare rw’ibinyamakuru n’imico y’ibinyamakuru

na Imirimo A Inshingano in Bya Ishyingiranwa. i, nka “” na“ & ... Inyuguti na Amasano, - Bijyanye n' imibare ya:. [[: 0% S]] [[: 1] [] (i) muri A - Ishyingiranwa muri A, & Rusange. Bya Ibyabaye nka i “ku ya:,, na" na i" & Umunsi w'umunsi Gushigikira. Interineti A ya:; na Imeli Intonde Kwambukiranya.

Umurage n’Ibyago mu Kinyejana cya 21

Ishyingiranwa Bya i i By' amategeko na Ibigenderwaho. Ishyingiranwa ni A Iburyo:, in [[: 0% S] v.[[: 1]], Byashyizweho in [[[:]] v. [[:]] [:] [:] [:], - - - EGIHARWE in i. in, Bya, na Bya. ku in i Hagati 20 20: 20.], i ni Rimwe Bya Imirimo Imirimo., Bya i, A, Nka [:] na i. []

Nanone kandi, mu kinyejana cya 20, yigishije ko imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa igira ingaruka nziza cyane iyo ihuza n'ibindi bishyamiranye. Ishyamirano ryo guharanira ishyingiranwa ry'amoko atandukanye, ishyingiranwa ry'abirango, n'iry'ibitsina bingana, byose bihuriye ku kintu kimwe: ingo z'ubutwari bwa leta kugira ngo zishyireho imishyikirano ya bugufi. Gutegereza imbere, abaharanira uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa bazakomeza guharanira ubusumbane bwuzuye, atari mu ishyingiranwa gusa, ahubwo no mu nzego zose z’uburenganzira bw'abantu. Inkuru y'ikinyejana cya 20 ni imwe mu birebana n’ubutwari, ubushizi, na kwaguka buhoro ariko gukurikizwa kw’urukundo rurangwa mu rwego rwemewe n’amategeko.

Mu gusoza, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa yo mu kinyejana cya 20 yahinduye ishyingiranwa rivanywe mu gikoresho cyo kwishyiramo. Kuva ku mugi wa Virijiniya wuje urukundo, kugeza ku ba mbere bakoranaga ubumaraya muri Danemark, buri kintu cy’ingenzi cyagaragaje ko batsinze ubwoba n’ivangura. Inzira ntiyatanzwe mu buryo buhamye, ariko iyo miryango ntiyigera ihinduka.