Urufatiro rw’Urukiko Rukuru Rukomeye Rwashinje Urubanza

Ku i Umutwe Bya i Sisitemu, Byahawe ijambo rya nyuma ku bibazo by'amategeko na Leta. Ubutegetsi bwayo ni ku amategeko na imigenzo, i Amacamanza i Ubucamanza bishobora kumva na. ni OYA Ntabwo; i Urukiko Rurobanura ku Butegetsi ku Kibundi, Bemera Agace k'Ibice Bya i Ibihugu Byasabaga Ibyifuzo Buri mwaka.

Bya i ni Kabiri Ibyiciro: [[: 0% S] ~Umwimerere [[: 1] na [[:]] [[: 3]. Bya i Gihinguranya i, i Kuri., i [:] Isubiramo [[: 5] Gihinguranya i Bya [[:]], A i Kuri Hitamo... Kuri ku.

, na Amabwiriza ya Leta, cyane cyane 28 F21 et seq., asobanura ubutware bw' Urukiko. Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwasobanuye ibyo bintu, rugashyiraho itsinda ry'intare rirushaho gucengeza imipaka y'ubutware bwarwo.

: Amadosiye atangiza ku i Hejuru

command

, i Gusiba ~Umwimerere ni OYA in Byose. Umwimerere, Leta na KIGEZWEHO. Irengayobora:. i ~Umwimerere ni in [[: 0% S] hagati Kabiri Cyangwa Birenzeho [[: 1]., Amazi, Cyangwa Ikindi Icyongereza Oya UMWE Leta.

Bya ~Umwimerere Gushyiramo [[: 0% S] v.[:1] /Ibice Bya, na [[:]] < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > [[:] [[:]] [] KURI Amazi Kuva: i., i A Bidasanzwe Mugenga Kuri na, Mu kubika i Kuva: i Bya Cyuzuye. Hanyuma i Bidasanzwe Icyegeranyo na A. < / > < / > < / > < / > A Ijambo na Bitangiwe < / >.

Nanone kandi, i Itangiriro Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ruha uburenganzira mu macamanza “abayobozi, abandi Bakozi ba leta na.” Iyi gahunda isaba ko abahagarariye abanyamahanga bahabwa isoko mu nkiko nkuru kurusha uko bashyirwa mu nkiko za leta zirwanya cyane ibihugu byabo. Mu by'ukuri, ibi bibazo biba ari ibintu bidasanzwe, na na Ryari:, akenshi bifitanye isano na politiki cyangwa gusobanura amasezerano.

Inzandiko z’urukiko zicira urubanza

Umumaro w'ibanze w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ni Nka Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, isubiramo imyanzuro ifashwe n'inkiko zo hasi na Leta nkuru.

Kabiri ya: Isubiramo: [[: 0% S] Nka Bya Iburyo: [[:] [-] (Rino) na [[: 2]] Isubiramo ku < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / >., < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < < / > < / > < / < / > < / > < / > < / > < < < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < < < > < > < > < < > < > < > < > < < < < > < >

Ibyifuzo hafi ya byose bitangwa biturutse ku irembo rya Certiorari. Itsinda ry'abasaba isubiramo (uwinginga) rigomba kugaragaza ko umwanzuro w'inkiko Ntoya ugomba kuvuka, ari ikibazo cy'ingenzi bihagije kugira ngo urukiko rutegereze. Amategeko y'imbere y'Urukiko (Icamategeko y'Urukiko) ashyira ahabona indi myanzuro iyo ifata umwanzuro niba yaha igiterezo:

  • Icyiciro cy’ibyabaye mu nkiko z’ubutegetsi zishinzwe iby’uburenganzira ku kibazo cy’amategeko ya Leta.
  • Umwanzuro w’icyaha cy’urukiko rw’ikirenga rwa Leta unyuranyije n’amategeko ya leta cyangwa icyitegererezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
  • Umwanzuro w’urukiko rwa leta ufata umwanzuro w’ikibazo gikomeye cya leta mu buryo bunyuranyije n’izindi myanzuro zifatwa na leta.
  • Urukiko rw’ubujurire rwafashe umwanzuro uhabanye n’urukiko rwa leta rwapfuye kwifatira ikibazo gikomeye.
  • Ikibazo cy’ingenzi cyane, ndetse n’ubwo cyaba kitagiye cyitandukanya.

< > < / > < > < / > < > < / > in < > < / > < > < / > < > < / >% Bya i. i < > < / > < > < / > i < > < / > Kuri i < > < / > Na: i < > < / > Na: i < > < / >,, Nka i, i < / >,, < > < / >, < > < / >, na Bya < > < > < / >.

Impera

A Idosiye A ya:, i A Igihe Kuri Idosiye A in. Gicurasi Hanyuma Idosiye A Subiza. Kuri i na. A “Bya": NIBA Ku Kuri Isubiramo, i ni ya: na Cyuzuye ku i. Birutwa in, i ni, na i Ntoya i.

in By' umwihariko Kuri. A “Ilisiti ya:” Bya; Icyo ari cyo cyose OYA ku Urutonde ni mu buryo bwikora: A ubutabera Guteranya. i Kuri kuyobora.,, na () A Isubiramo Ryari: i i Ntoya.

Mu magambo ya vuba aha, Urukiko rwasubiyemo mu manza zigera kuri 60% kugeza kuri 80, hasi Kuva: i 150 Cyangwa Birenzeho Cyagiye cyumvishwa mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000.

ya: Nkuru Urukiko

Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ntirupfa kumva gusa “urubanza urwo ari rwo rwose. Ibigenderwaho bigenga ibyemezwa n'abantu bose, icyifuzo cyo guhitamo, na uruhare rukwiriye rw'abacamanza. Nubwo urwo Rukiko rw'Ikirenga rufite icyo ruvuze imbere muri rwo, hari ibintu byinshi buri gihe biba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku masengesho.

  • [[: 0% S]:[[:] UMWE Impamvu ya: ni A hagati Kabiri Cyangwa Birenzeho Bya ku By' ingirakamaro Ikibazo Bya. Inshingano ni Kuri, ni Byashyizweho Kwambukiranya i Igihugu:.
  • [[: 0% S]: [[: 1] i Bya Cyangwa Ikindi Irinda Buri gihe. Bya i,,,, na Imisusire- shusho.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] Ntoya Inyandikoporogaramu ku i Igisobanuro Bya A Ishinga, i Intambwe in Kuri A Bifatanya. Gushyiramo i, i, na i.
  • [[: 0% S] Bya Igisobanuro:[[: 1]] public Iyega nka,, Cyangwa Umutekano. Gicurasi Hitamo... Kuri ATARIIGIHARWE A Gusiba Gutandukanya Kuri Bishyizwe mu rwego rw' ubwihisho.
  • [[: 0% S] Leta:[[:] hagati mu buryo bwikora: NIBA.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[[: 1] Gicurasi Isubiramo A Leta Biruta ibindi Ububiko NIBA ku A Cyangwa Itangwa. Leta OYA Cyangwa.

< > < / > ni Birutwa < / > mu manza zihereranye n'ibyago by'ubwihisho, Amakosa Cyo nyine Kuri A Rimwe, Cyangwa Ubuso i < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > <

Ibintu bituma abantu badakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza

  • [[: 0% S] Amakosa:[[: 1] Kuri Isubiramo ku i Bya A A By' amategeko. OYA Nka A Ububiko Bya Ikosa ya:.
  • [[: 0% S] na:[[: 1] Kuri Isubiramo Bihera Kuva: Ntoya Ububiko.... Ibyifuzo Byemewe By' ingirakamaro Cyangwa By' ingirakamaro.
  • [[: 0% S] na Imirongo- ntambike: [[: 1] i Cyangwa i ni, i Anga Isubiramo Bya i By' amategeko Ikibazo.
  • [[: 0% S] Cyangwa Ibyabitswe:[[: 1] A Na: A Icyabitswe Cyangwa Ntoya Ububiko ni Birutwa Kuri i, A Gusiba Kuri.
  • [[: 0% S] Bijyanye n' imibare:[[[: 1]] Gicurasi Kuva: “Ibya gihanga... in Ikinyacuti" na Ibumoso: Kuri i Urwego rw' ubuyobozi Cyangwa, i Ikibazo.

.: A - ku -

Feature Original Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction
Starting point Case begins at the Supreme Court Case originates in lower courts
Types of cases State vs. state, ambassadors, consuls All cases arising under federal law
Frequency Very rare (a few per term) Overwhelming majority
Process Special master, then Court decision Petition for certiorari, briefs, oral argument
Discretion Mandatory for state disputes; otherwise concurrent Almost entirely discretionary (certiorari)

< > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >

Uruhare rw’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ikirenga mu Bihe by’Ubucamanza

Ubutware bw'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga bugaragaza umwanya wihariye rufite, ari wo wurinda Ishingiro ry'amategeko n'umusobanuro w'amategeko y'ikirenga. Binyuriye mu guhitamo imyango ikwiriye kumva, inzego z'amategeko zigenga inyigisho, inzitizi, kandi zigaha ubuyobozi inkiko zo hasi, amanama n'amabwiriza agenga abantu.

Urugero:, in [[: 0% S] v. Bya [[: 1] [1] [-]), i Byakoreshejwe Kuri Kugaragaza... Isobeka Ivanga in public, Gusasanya Ibyiciro Imirimo Bya Ingero. [[[:]] [[:] V. [[:]] [:] A - Bya i, i Oya, OYA i, ATARIIGIHARWE i., ni hejuru i amategeko. [[Byagutse:%]. [:] V [5] [5] A Kuri Iburyo: -, na [:]

Urenze imitwe y'imitwe, urwo Rukiko rusobanura buri gihe amategeko ya leta mu buryo bugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi, amategeko, n'uburenganzira bwa giturage. Imyanzuro yarwo ku mategeko agenga uburenganzira bw'amategeko, ku birebana n'ubwigenge, kwimuka, na guca imanza z'abagizi ba nabi, bigenga ibikorwa by'umunsi wose by'inkiko n'ibigo. Bityo rero, ubutware bw'Urukiko bugira ingaruka z'ingirakamaro, kurusha umubare muto w'imanza wemewe buri mwaka.

Imipaka ku Rukiko rw’Ikirenga yaciriweho iteka

N’ubwo urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwinshi, nta bwo rufite ubushobozi burenze ubwo ari bwo bwose.

  • [[: 0% S] na Leta:[[: 1] OYA Isubiramo A Leta Ububiko NIBA ku Leta Ishingiro, ATARIIGIHARWE NIBA i A Ikibazo. Leta na.
  • [[:]:[[: 1] Oya A, muri Irengayobora(S. g., Bya Isubiramo).
  • [[: 0% S]:[[:] Herekana% S A,, na Kuri i na ku i., i.
  • [[: 0% S] Kuva:: [[: 1] i, Nka Byakozwe ya: Bya (G., i). Kuri Ubwoko “na" Kuri i.
  • [[: 0% S] Bijyanye n' imibare:[[: 1] OYA Kuri Cyangwa - Nka Kuri i.

Iyo mipaka yiyemeza ko urwo Rukiko rukomeza gusohoza inshingano yarwo ikwiriye, rukirinda guhiga mu bibazo bya politiki gusa, kandi rukubaha impande zitandukanye z’ubutegetsi n’ubutegetsi.

Ibinyabupfura bifashishwa mu buryo bw’ingirakamaro

Kuri abashingwamanza n’ibiro by'urukiko rw'Ikirenga bisuzuma, gusobanukirwa imyanya y'ubutegetsi ni intambwe ya mbere. Isego ry'urukiko rugomba gusobanurira impamvu urwo rubanza ruhuje n'ibisabwa, rugasobanura amakimbirane abera mu nkiko zo hasi, kandi rukagaragaza neza agaciro k'ikibazo cyemewe n'amategeko. Amahirwe yo kugira icyo umuntu ageraho ni make, ariko ingororano zarwo ni nyinshi cyane.

Amatsinda agomba nanone kuzirikana igihe: imbuga ya: Isaba ubutware bwa Certitoorari igomba gushyirwa mu minsi 90 y'imanza ya nyuma y'urukiko rwo hasi (Cyangwa mu minsi 60 y'amatorero muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika mu mateka). Amatsinda aboneka ariko acika intege. Iryo sengesho rigomba kuba rigusha neza ariko rigakaye, rigasobanura neza ubutware bwaryo na rigaragaza impamvu urwo rubanza rukwiriye kwitabwaho.

~Umwimerere, ku i By' ingirakamaro, Bidasanzwe munsi y' amategeko y'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga. A ya: Kuri Idosiye A i, na i Gicurasi Gushyiraho Umuyobozi wihariye. Ibyangombwa na IMPAPURO Ikomeye.

ya:

  • [[: 0] Bya i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika: Ibyavuzwe n'ibyatsinzwe na [[[Icyangwa 1]
  • [[: 0% S]Ingirwamwanya ry'amategeko Interineti: Incamake [[[: 1]
  • [[: 0% S]: na [[: 1]
  • [[: 0% S]: i [[: 1]

Igisoza

Inzego z'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ni ingufu y'ubutware bwarwo, hagati y'umwimerere na. i, i Ishinga ihitamo, indi mbaraga zo gukemura amacakubiri y'amategeko, igahuza amategeko ya leta na kongere kurinda uburenganzira bw'amategeko.