Intangiriro: Ivuka ry’Umudendezo w’Abanyamerika

ku 15,, i Bya i Bya. Itangira Kuri i U. . Kuva: i hagati na -. - i Gishya UMWIKUBE Kuri i, Kuri. ku A Bya Kuri i Bya i Bya. na, ni OYA A in Urutonde ni A Kuri i buri. & kde; Ingingo A Ubujyakuzimu in, Imvugiro, Ibisobanuro:, na Bijyanye n' amategeko, Kuri & Bigezweho, na Ifashayobora Cyangwa Bikorwa.

Amateka: Impamvu byari ngombwa ko abantu bashinga inyandiko ivuga iby’uburenganzira bukwiriye

, in, OYA Gushyiramo A Bya., Itangira i Rimwe Bya,., i Bya public. nka na A Nyuma A Inyandiko y' uburenganzira Kyongewe Ako kanya. i Nyuma i, Igishushanyo Kuva: i Bya na i Bya Bya. Urutonde i Bya OYA Nyuma A i. Soma i Inyandiko Byayowe Kuva: i [:]

Umuteguro wa Mbere: Umudendezo Wa Gatanu

Ivugurura rya Mbere, mu buryo bugaragara ni ryo rizwi cyane, ririnda umudendezo w’ibanze utanu ugize urufatiro rwa demokarasi y’Abanyamerika. Urwo mudendezo ntirufite umupaka wose; inkiko zemereraga imipaka ishyize mu gaciro, ariko ubusanzwe Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukurikiza amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mbere y’uko rureka ko leta ishyiraho imipaka.

Umudendezo wo Kuvuga

Umudendezo wo kuvuga nturinda gusa amagambo avugwa, ahubwo nanone ugomba no kuvuga amagambo y'ikigereranyo, urugero nko gutwika ibendera (cyangwa na Johnson, 1989). Bikubiyemo amagambo ya gipolitiki, imvugo y'ubugeni, na ndetse no kwanga, mu gihe bitatera imbere igikorwa cy'ubwicamategeko (Brandenburg v. Ohio, 1969). Amashuri afite uburyo bunyuranye bwo kubuza abanyeshuri kuvuga amagambo ahungabanya ubukungu (. . . . .M. . . .

Umudendezo w’Ibinyamakuru

i Gukingira Kuva: i Ibitangazamakuru in (Imyifatire). nka [: 0% S]. v. [[: 1] i Kuva: Bya i. Kanda ni OYA Kuva: Bya Rusange, Nka, Kuri Gufata public Abayobozi.

Umudendezo wo Kwizera

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ibice bibiri by’amadini: Gushyirwaho kwa Claus (gushyigikira ubutegetsi bwemewe n’idini) hamwe n’ihuriro ry’idini ry’ubwigenge (irinda uburenganzira bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ukwizera kwawe). Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko amashuri ya leta adashobora kuyobora amasengesho (Engel na Vitace, 1962) n’uko ntashobora kwishinga imitwaro y’idini yihariye (Isengero rya Lukumi Balu Aye v. Hialeah, 1993).

Uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe no kwinginga

: i Uburenganzira bw' ibyigomeke, na. Iburyo: ni Igihe, Umwanya, na Uburyo, Amabwiriza ya: - Gufatika, ihagararo. Uburenganzira bwo gusaba abantu gusaba amahinduka avuye kuri leta, Kuva: Bya hafi, Kuri.

Umuco wa II: Uburenganzira bwo gutwara ibirwanisho

, Kuri i Umutekano Bya A Kigenga, i Iburyo: Bya i Abantu Kuri Gumana: na, OYA." Bya Urutonde, iyi Iyemeza Nka A Iburyo: Kuri Serivisi., in [[:] Bya. [:] [:] [:] [8], i Iburyo: Kuri A - in i Home. IMYAKA Nyuma, [[:] v. [] 0% S]% S Uburinzi Kuri i Gihinguranya, i Ikirango, Ku i hagati Igenzura, Ikirango, na Ibendera,

Ivugurura rya III: Abasirikare bari mu gisirikare

Ivugurura rya Gatatu ryibuza guhatira abashoferi ku mazu mu gihe cy'amahoro, nta marenga yabo. Iryo hinduka ryari isohorezo ryihariye ku Bikorwa by'Abakoloni bo mu Bwongereza babyifuzaga. N’ubwo ari gake cyane, igitekerezo cy'Ivugurura rya Gatatu ryiyongera ku ihame ry'uko ingoro ari ubwikunde butajya burenganywa na gisirikare. Agaciro kayo kanini kagize ingaruka ku shingiro y'Amajyambere ya Gahunda y'Amajyambere.

Urupapuro rwa IV: Shakisha no gusesa

, A Kuri Mbere Ishakisha A Home Cyangwa. Na: i Kuri na i Ibigize. i, Inyandikoporogaramu Inyuma Amarengayobora:,,,,,,, na Kuri., in [[: 0% S] v. [[1] [1], Kuva: Byakoreshejwe in Ububiko. i, i Bituzuye Kuri Akazu, A ya: Ibyatanzwe ku A APAREYE (, A). Kuri A Indanganturo ().

Umuco wa Gahunda y’Ivugurura: Uburenganzira mu Manza z’Abagizi ba nabi

Ivugurura rya Gatanu rikubiyemo ibintu byinshi birinda abantu bashinjwa ibyaha, buri wese akaba afite inkomoko ikomeye y’amategeko y’Abongereza n’ibyo gukoroniza igihugu.

Ibanga

Mu byaha by’umurwa mukuru cyangwa by’ibihangange, umushinjacyaha w’ubwicanyi wa leta agomba gutangira agitangira agicira urubanza rukuru mu rwego rw’imanza, keretse gusa iyo ibihugu hafi ya byose bitasabye ko hashyirwaho urubanza rw’imanza rureshya mu manza za leta, ariko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko ubwo burenganzira butabuzanyijwe n’ibihugu.

Bibiri

Icyakora, iyo burinzi ntibuza umutware (G. g. Leta na leta) gucira urubanza iyo myifatire, cyangwa ngo ikomeze gucirwa urubanza nyuma y’aho abacamanza bamanikiye ku isaha.

- na

“in Icyo ari cyo cyose Kuri A.” Kuri i Iburira (Kuva: [[: 0% S] imanda v.[[1:]],) Kuri Bya Iburyo: Kuri Gumana: na Kuri. NYACYO Iburira.

Na

, i < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" >" > < / > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < = < / > < / > < / > < / > < < =---------------------

Umuco wa VI: Ukwiriye gucirwa urubanza rukwiriye

Itangwa ry'itangwa ry'impamyabumenyi ryihutisha A Irebana na Rubanza Urubanza ku, i Uburenganzira Kuri Bya i, i Uburenganzira Kuri na, na i Uburenganzira Kuri Ifashayobora Bya ya:. Uburenganzira Kuri in [[: 0%]]. [[: 1] [[:] [), Gusaba gutanga uburenganzira bwo guhana na] abashinjacyaha mu manza zigenewe kwigomwa. Nyuma iburyo bwagutse ku isoderi (.,). Urukiko rw'ibyabi rugaragaza ku impamyanya impamyabumenyi.

Ivugurura rya VII: Ibigeragezo bya Leta

Isosiyete ishinzwe gusubizwamo uburenganzira bwo gucira urubanza urubanza rushingiye ku mpapuro z'ubwihisho “ku mategeko asanzwe” aho agaciro ko mu impuguke gasumba amadolari 20 (ikiguzi kinini mu 1791). Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'Ikirenga Rwiyemeje ko iyi gahunda ikoreshwa gusa mu rukiko rwa Leta, OYA Kuri Leta (akiri inze ko amategeko mbwirizamuco ya Leta yayatanze). Nanone irebana ko inzego zishobora gusubizwamo ingingo n'irenganzira y'urubanza, nk'ubwihisho, uretse gusa mu mategeko y'amategeko rusange. Mu buryo bwimyifatire, iyo mipaka iz ’ inkikozi y'inze mu rwego rw'inzeruhuriro. Uburenganzira bw'uburenganzira bw'amategeko bwinze ni ubw'ingenzi cyane kurinda icyizere mu rwego rw'amategeko mu rwego rw'amategeko, nk'amategeko, n'amasezerano, n'amanya.

Umuco wa 4 w’Amateka: Igihano cy’ubugome n’igihano kidasanzwe

Urukiko rw'Impetaruza rw'Umuryango rubuzanya amarenga, amarenga arenze urugero, n'ibihano by'ubugome n'ibidasanzwe. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwafashe ko “ubugome n'ibihano bidasanzwe” bihinduka bihuje n'amahame y'umuryango w'ikiremwamuntu agenga ikinyabupfura. Urugero, igihano cyo kwicwa ku gihano cyo gufata ku ngufu umuntu mukuru (cyo mu wa Géorgie, 1977) n'ubwicanyi bwakozwe n'abana (-Gram v. Florida, 2010). Ibirego by'ubwicanyi bwaho bikomeza gucirwaho, itegeko ry’ubwikunde, n’igihano cyiza kiganje, n'ibyahanizwa mu gihe cy’ubugwa.

Ibyashyizwe mu isoko: Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga bwaraciwe

Isosiyete y'Ishingiro rya Ninth na Ivugurura yagize iti “Imibare iri mu Kibiro, y'uburenganzira runaka, ntizafatwa nk'aho umuntu yahakanye uburenganzira cyangwa agasuzugura abandi bantu.” Iyo nyungu yongeweho ku bwo gutinya ko gutondeka uburenganzira bwihariye bwose bwatangwa. Nubwo isohorezo ryonyine ari ryo rya mbere ry'amategeko y'Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rizatuma abantu bamenya uburenganzira butari bufite agaciro, nk'uburenganzira bwo kwihishariza (Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965) n'uburenganzira bwo gushakana (Obergefeb v., 2015).

Umuco wa X: Gahunda y’Ubutegetsi n’Ubutegetsi bwa Leta

Kuri i (Cyangwa Kuri i) Byose OYA Kuri i ku i, Kuri i. ni i Bya. Gutandukanya i Ingano: Bya na Kuri Nka, Bya hafi, na Amatsinda. [[:]] v. [:] [:] i Hasi A, na Impuzandengo Bya. [[:]

Ishyirahamwe: Gushyira Iperereza ry’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu kuri Leta

, i Bya Byashyizweho Kuri i. in [: 0% S] v.[: 1] [[-] i OYA ku. Byahinduwe Nyuma i Na: i Bya i, A Cyangwa Bya... in i, i “i" Bya i Gihinguranya i., Byose Bya, i Iburyo: Kuri, Kuri Umutekano, Kuri Leta Bya hafi na OYA in i, i, i, na i Bya i.

Kwigisha Impapuro Zihereranye n’Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga: Amatsinda y’Abanyeshuri

, i Bya Kuri Ubuzima Birenzeho. Inshingano - Gukina hagati na -. Kuri. A Bya hafi Cyangwa Kuri -. Kuri Gushaka Amakuru, Nka Kigenga ku, Umubiri, Cyangwa. Ibikorana Kuva: i [[: 0% S]] na i [[:] na Bya Inshingano., Bya Byagombwa, Kuri Na: i.

Umwanzuro: Umurage udashira watanzwe n’amategeko arebana n’uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu

Bya ni OYA A; ni A Kuri Imisusire Ubuzima. KURI & Y' imibare Agenga Kuri i Imbibi Bya, i ya:. i Bya ni Nka i na. Cyangwa, Kwibuka Na: Igisobanuro na Porogaramu. [[: 0% S] Umwandiko Bya i Bya [[: 1] ni Bihari, na i Gukomeza A Kuri Gukaraga., Gushyigikira i Bya i.