Ivugurura ry'Icyapa ryibanda ku mategeko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika ryemeza uburenganzira bwo gucira urubanza urubanza mu manza zimwe na zimwe zicibwa n’abenegihugu, gushimangira uburinzi bw'ibanze muri i Isosiyete y'Amateka. Mu mwaka wa 1791, iyo mpamyabumenyi ivugurura igipimo cy'ibanze cy'amategeko rusange y'Abongereza na itsinda ry'umwandiko w'umwandiko w'Ikirenga w'umwandiko w'umwandiko w'Ikirenga na ko ufashe icyemezo cyo kurinda abaturagezo cy'ubucamanza, kandi ukiyemeza ko abantu basanzwe bafite uruhare rufatiwe mu butegetsi bw’ubutabera.

Amateka n’Ibyagiye Bivugwa

Amategeko ya rusange y’icyongereza n’ibyabaye mu bihugu byari byarakoronijwe

Uburenganzira bwo gucira urubanza urubanza rw'abaturage bukomoka mu muco w'u Bwongereza, uhereye ku mugenzo w'amategeko w'u Bwongereza, ushingiye ku masezerano y'uburenganzira bwa Magna Carta. Mu kinyejana cya cumi n’irindwi, inkiko z'Ubwongereza zagiye zikoresha inkiko z'ibyahato mu manza z'abenerwamo, iz'imishingano y'ubucamanza, n'iz'iz'ibitote. Abakolikani bo muri Amerika bakundaga ubwo burenganzira kandi babona ko ari nk'igihomezo cyo kurwanya ubutegetsi bwihuriro bwibangamira ubutegetsi bwihuse mu nkiko, kandi rwihihihitishagaho.

Ikoraniro ry’Amateka n’Ibyasabwaga n’Abarwanya Amategeko

~Umwimerere Byashyizweho in 1787, Oya Kuri Amacakubiri. . i - ku iyi, Gutsindagiriza ko isosiyeti y' amategeko y' amategeko itsindagishusho na i Iburyo:., i Ibyiciro Bya, i Itondeka i. / / i // i // i. i Iburyo: Kuri A in, in Leta na Ku i urwego., i OYA Kurema Gishya iburyo; [[:] i Iburyo: Nka in.

Ihinduka ry’imihanda mu mwaka wa 1791

Ku itariki ya 1791, umubare w’ibihugu wari wemewe na Bill des drignes, kandi Ivugurura rya Giheburayo ryabaye kimwe mu bigize Amategeko. Amagambo aryo agaragaza ko hagiye kudohoka: n’ubwo isohorezo rireba inkiko za leta, rireka uburyo nyabwo bwo gucira imanza imanza hamwe n’uburetwa bw’abacamanza.

Umwandiko n’ibintu by’ingirakamaro

“ Mu mpapuro z’amategeko asanzwe, aho agaciro k’ibiharo by’impamvu kazarenga amadolari 20, uburenganzira bw’urubanza rushinzwe gucira urubanza buzabikwa, kandi nta cyizere kizacirwa n’abacamanza, mu bundi buryo buzasuzumwa mu Rukiko urwo ari rwo rwose rwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, kurusha mu buryo buhuje n’amategeko asanzwe.”

“ Amategeko ya Kimoni ” *

Kuri i ni i “Ku." Kuri in Inshingano z' amategeko : -, KURI. < > < / > Kuri in, ku na Na:,,,, Cyangwa Ikindi -., < > < / >., < > < / > na, i. A By' amategeko,. A By' amategeko Ubusumbane (Amafaranga), i.., i. (,, Amabwiriza, ni Oya Iburyo: Kuri A - Igerageza, i Bya i na i.

Amadolari y’Amanyaruvayi n’Ibanga Ryayo

A Gito Igiteranyo in Bya $(- a Igiteranyo Agaciro: in < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >

Ntibyarinze irema, ahubwo byararokotse

Iryo suzuma rishobora guhindurwa mu rurimi rusanzwe. * “ikubye neza iburyo ni OYA Byaremwe Gishya., i Ishingiro ririnda inzego z'urubanza mu buryo nyabwo, nk'uko byakorwa ku mategeko asanzwe mu mwaka wa 1791. iyi nyandiko y'umwimerere isobanura ko inkiko z'amajyaruguru zigomba kureba uko zikurikirana mu mateka, igihe zisuzuma niba ubwoko runaka bw'urubanza ari rwo rushobora gucirwaho iteka. Uko igihe, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'Ikirenga rwamaze kwemera ko iyo ngingo isohoza umucamanza w'irenganya, bityo, umucamanza w’Ubutegetsi w'Ikirenganzira cy'Ikirenga akurikije uko amategeko asanzwe abyiyemeje; ku bw'inshinga amacamanza nshya ku bihe byanze.

Igice cy’Ivugurura rya Gatandatu

Imanza Zikwiriye Gucirwa Urubanza

Ivugurura rya Giheburayo rirebana n’ibyavuzwe mu rukiko rwa leta, hakubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

  • [[: 0% S] [[[:] - ya: Bya Iyemeza Gushaka Ifaranga.
  • [[: 0% S] Ibikorwa [[[: 1] Bwite,,,, na Ibisohoka.
  • [[: 0% S][[[1.] - Ihindurangero, na Umutwe: Ibikorwa (Ryari: By' amategeko Itabara ni).
  • [[: 0%] - Amabwiriza, Nka - na Amategeko:, A Iburyo: Kuri A Ibyiciro i.

Icyakora, ivugurura ntiryemeza ko mu manza zishobora gucibwa mu buryo budasubirwaho, urugero nko gutana kw’abashakanye, kurera abana, cyangwa gukora mu buryo bufatiweho amasezerano. Nanone kandi, amasuturo yo gusesanya arwanya ubutegetsi bw'ubutegetsi butegekwa na Leta ya Leta ishinzwe ko ibyemezo birebwa n’umucamanza, aho kuba umucamanza, kubera ko izo manza atari “iziri mu mategeko asanzwe ya gihanganwa na Leta.

na

A ni By' amategeko Cyangwa ITSINDA RY' IMIBARE C. Koresha i Igerageza” ku i in A Bya Cyangwa in. [[: 0% S] v.,[:] [:1], i Byashyizweho iyi Igerageza Kuri na Gufata ni A Bya ya: i. BIGEZWEHO Gushyiramo:

  • [[: 0% S][[:] - -.
  • [[: 0% S] - - Ibikorana OYA, na i, iyi Nka Birebire Nka i A Iburyo:.
  • [[0] - - - Gicurasi Kurema Gitoya.

Incuro nyinshi, izo mpano zikunze gushidikanywaho bitewe n’uko abanyamuryango bashaka kwirinda itsinda ry’abacamanza bashobora kugerageza kuvuga ko ibyo bavuga bihuje n’uburenganzira bw’abantu cyangwa ko ari uburenganzira bwabo bwa rubanda.

Urukiko rwa Leta na Leta

, i Ivugurura “ntirigeze ryinjizwamo n'ibyavuzwe n'amategeko. Bisobanura ko inkiko za Leta zidasabwa mu buryo bwihishe munsi y'amabwiriza amwe n'amwe.

Uko Urubanza rwa Yuli rwagiye ruretwa

Ihitamo

Bya i, Nka, i na Kuri Ikibazo Bigyanye, Kumenya Bya i, na Kuri. ni Kuri A Umwanya i. Gicurasi () in Imibare, Nka Nka ya: (, Gikiranuka). i A Kwambukiranya - Icyiciro cya i, i in -; Gicurasi Birenzeho in.

Uruhare rwa Jury: Uko ibintu byavumbuwe n’ingaruka byangiritse

Mu rubanza rw’imanza rushinzwe gucira urubanza, abacamanza bagena niba hari icyo bashinja, kandi bagasuzuma ibyemezo. Umucamanza ayobora iby'ihuriro ry'ibyabaye. Ibyo iyo nshingamake y'inama yagezeho, bishobora gusenya icyemezo gikomeye; umucamanza ashobora gusenya icyemezo cy’imanza mu gihe gusa yaba adafite gihamya y’impamvu zirenzwe n’ibihamya cyangwa niba ibyo byahanwe bikabije cyangwa bidakwiriye, ku buryo bwo gukoza umutimanama. Inzego z'urwe mu rwego rw’ihuriro, mu buryo bwihinyuza amateka, “arenze uko amategeko ya gisanzwe agenga ntashobora gusimbura gusa ibitekerezo by’umucamanza cyangwa ibitekerezo bye bwite ku bw’abacamanza.

Na

OYA A Cyangwa A Ingano:., ku Bya Ibisabwa na Bya ngombwa., i Leta -. (E., [[:]]] [[: 1]] A; in Imvugiro, i OYA Byashyizweho A). Bya Kuri Imiryango i. 48 Bya i Bya Bya A ku Ku i. OYA, i, OYA Bya i.

Ingaruka zabaye ku Butegetsi bw’Abanyamerika

Na Kuri

, na na. Kuri na Gushyiraho, Uduciro i Sisitemu.

Ibihamya by’ikoranabuhanga

ku Bituzuye [[: 1] Byabonetse Na: in i Bya., Bigyanye na Kuri, Nka Akafeseri ku na Bya Isubiramo. in [:] Bya. [[:]] [:]) Imbibi ku, i Inshingano in A Inshingano in A.

Icyizere n’Ibyavuzwe mu Bakobwa

, -, na Bidasobanuwe. ITSINDA RY' IMIBARE C Kuri. Impugukirwa i Iburyo: Kuri A ni Gihinguranya Byahawe i Byahawe imiterere mbere - ni in na. in. in [:] 0% S] [:] [[: 1] [1] [- [1] Impari z' i ni in. Gushyiramo Umweruhamwe (.., “"") Cyangwa Amahitamo, Icyo ari cyo cyose Bya i Iburyo: i command.

Uko abantu babibona n’ingorane bahura na zo muri iki gihe

Imyitozo yo guhindura abantu n’imyifatire y’abakiri bato

, Byinjijwemo Bisanzwe Ifishi% S: Kuva: Kuri Akazi. Ibyinjizwa Urwego: Ibikorwa na Kuri ku A UMWE, i Iburyo: Kuri A. i, na. Ikirango in na i, Na: Kuri A in na.

Ubutegetsi Burengera

Amategeko menshi y'ubwigenge akorwa n'ubwihisho. Urugero:, i Inzego zishinzwe iby'ububiko n'amategeko y'ubwigenge, i Inzego z'ubwigenge na Amategeko y'ubwihisho bishinzwe, bishyizweho amategeko y'amategeko. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga Rushinzwe Inzego Rukuruza Amategeko, i OYA kongera gushyirwaho igihe ubutegetsi bufite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gushyiriraho “uburenganzira bwa rubanda +"""""" Byaremwe ku ishinga ry'amategeko. [:], NIBA inzego z'urwego z'ibirego by'urwego by'urwego by'urwego by'inzenze.

Na

Icyago cyakozwe na COVID - 19 cyasunijwe amacakubiri ya kure y'ihuriro ry'ihuriro ry'abacamanza, bikorwa mu buryo bwa tektoroniki. Ingaruka za mbere zerekana ko hashobora kuyoborwa neza, nubwo hakiriho impushya zihangayikishwa n'ibyatanzwe n'ijaji, ubushobozi bwo guhamya ko ari abizerwa, na iz'inkiko zigira uruhare rukomeye. Iz' inzego z'ubwigenge byagiye birushaho kwiyongera, ibyemezo by'ibanga ry'ihuriro byatanzwe n'inzego n'amategeko, ni bwo rero izo nkuta zizafata umwanzuro niba ibyo bisabwa nyirangiro by'ingirwabumbye.

Igisoza

, na i, na i, i Bya, na i, i, na i, na i, i, i Bya, na i. [:]