Jya usobanura uburinzi bungana mu gihe cy’Amategeko

Ihame ry'uburinzi bungana ni kimwe mu biruta ibindi mu mategeko agenga amategeko. Itegeka ko nta muntu cyangwa agatsiko kazacibwa uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko, inshingano, na uburinzi bifitwe n’abandi mu mimerere nk'iyo. i in i Bya i U.S., ibyifuzo byako biruta kure cyane imipaka y'Abamerika, bihindura inzego z'uburenganzira bw' uburenganzira bw'abantu na Ibyiciro bingana ku isi hose.

Mu rwego rw'ibanze, uburinzi bungana busaba ubutegetsi gukora ibikorwa + "Ibigenga, umuyobozi, Cyangwa wihuta." OYA Impuzandengo - buri mategeko agomba kugira ingaruka imwe., imyitwarire yose cyangwa ivangura ryakozwe n'amategeko, bigomba kuba bihuje n'intego zemewe za leta, kandi ntibigomba kuba bishingiye ku myanzuro ya gihanga cyangwa ishingiro, urugero nk'ibara ry'uruhushya, cyangwa idini. Mu gihe amategeko arekura imirongo hagati y'amatsinda, inkiko z'amagenzura, bikurikiza imirongo y'igenzura bisubizwa ku imiterere n'ibyatanzwe.

i Imbata Bya Isubiramo ni ya: bingana Umutekano in. [[: 0% S] [[: 1], i Bisanzwe, Kuri Ingerofatizo ku, Inkomoko, Cyangwa, na Kuri Amabwiriza., i A Leta na ni Kuri. [[:] [:] Isubiramo] [:] Igerageza [: 3] Kuri na Amatsinda, i Kuri Herekana% S i ni Kuri By' ingirakamaro. [[:] [Isubiramo Ishingiro, i Bisanzwe Kuri Byose, ni Nka A Birebire Kuri.

i & Alt; i Igerageza Guhuza Igenga na i Ishinga Igenga na Kuri. Inyigisho zingana ziburingirwa zashyizwe ku binyejana by'imyifatire y'imyifatire na Ibyemezo, A Urugendo rukomeza muri iki gihe.

Imishinge y’amateka: Kuva ku ivugurura rigashyirwa ku burenganzira bwa rubanda

in, in i Bya i. Kuri Gusimbura [[: 0% S] v.[[: 1]] [1857] na Cyuzuye na By' amategeko. 1 Bya i: #; Ubwoko Cyangwa Icyo ari cyo cyose A Uburenganzira... Cyangwa Bya i; Icyo ari cyo cyose Bya Ubuzima, Cyangwa Indangakintu:, Bya; Kwanga Kuri Icyo ari cyo cyose muri i bingana Uburinzi Bya i. & &22; # 1;

ya: A, i Bya bingana Umutekano. & #; in [[: 0% S] v.[[: 1] [1] [18] Ivanga i & #; bingana & #;;, A Sisitemu Bya Leta -. OYA & Kugeza i Hagati - Byanago n' in [:]. [:]

i, i Bya bingana Umutekano Byabonetse in Iposita -. Bya & (-) & #; Byose bingana Mbere i na Icyo ari cyo cyose Kuri bingana Umutekano Bya i. &# 2221; ku na (6) Leta Kuri bingana Umutekano. Mpuzamahanga By' amategeko i, Kuva: & & # 21; Bya Mbere i Kuri #; Iposita - Bya.

Imyanzuro Ifatwa n’Inkiko Ikomeye Iryongerera Uburinganire

ni ku A Ibyiciro Bya. OYA Gukemura A, i na i Bya na.

Ubusumbane bw’Amoko n’Icyongereza

  • [[: 0% S] v. Bya [:]:, i Ifatizo in public i bingana Umutekano. [[:] v. [[:]] na i Igenda.
  • [[: 0% S] v. (1967)[: < Urwego: = "Icyangwa" > < / >: < Urwego: = "Icyangwa]: < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry'Izina ry'Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / >] [[[[[- 1]] < Urwego:] < Urwego: = "Ibihuriro by'Izina ry'Izina ry'Izina]]] [[[[[[[[[-67]]]]]]]
  • [[: 0% S] Bya i Bya v. [[: 1]: Ingirwamwanya Imibare, i Koresha Bya Nka Rimwe Umubarwa in, i ya: Igikorwa Porogaramu.
  • [[: 0% S] v. ()[: 1]: i Bya - Amabwiriza Ku i Bya, i in A Umubiri.

Uburinganire bw’abahuje igitsina n’ivangura rishingiye ku myanya ndangagitsina

  • [[: 0% S] v. 1. [[: 1]: Abakoresha KURI Nka Abamagarita Bya bingana Uburinzi. i Itangira Igihe i Hasi A ku i Bya Ivanga.
  • [[: 0% S] v. [[: 1]: ya: - Ingero- Ingero- shusho, Hasi Gushyiraho ya: na.
  • [[:] v. [: 1]: i & #; - Itegeko bingana Irinda, i Leta Kuri Herekana% S ya: i.

Uburenganzira bw'umuhimbyi

  • [[:] v. [:]: Hasi & #; 2. By' amategeko ya: Cyangwa, i A Kuri A Leta.
  • [[:] v. ()[: 1]: 3 Bya i Bya, Bya -. i Leta - Itegeko Bya Ishyingiranwa.
  • [[: 0% S] v. ([:]][:] A 5 - 4 Ishyingiranwa ni A Iburyo: i na, Byose Kuri Itangwa Itangwa Impetanzira Kuri - EGIHARWE.

Ibindi bintu by'ibanze mpuzamahanga

  • [[:] v. [:] Hasi A Kigenga public Kuri, i Igaragaza na i Bya Imyifatire.
  • [[: 0% S] Bya V. [[: 1]: Imishobokere OYA A Itsinda Home ya: Abantu Na: Imyuga, Ishingiro Isubiramo Na: Inyumvo.

in

Amashuri n’uburyo buhwanye

Equal protection principles have fundamentally reshaped American education. Beyond desegregation, courts have addressed issues of school funding, language access, and disability accommodations. In San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973), the Court held that education is not a fundamental right under the, - in Ishuri: Kuri Ishingiro Isubiramo., Nyobora Kuri Leta urwego in

Bya Bya i na i Na: A Bihebye Byanzwe na Bikorwa

Uburinganire bw’akazi n’ubw’akazi

: i Gihuje n' ingwate yemeza mu buryo butaziguye amategeko ya Leta arwanya irebana n'uburenganzira. Umutwe VII Bya i Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga bw' uburenganzira bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika Bya 1964, ibuzanya ivangura ry'akazi rishingiye ku ibara ry'urukoba, ibara, idini, ibitsina, cyangwa inkomoko y'igihugu.

, imyanya ihoraho. Ikirango,,,, buri Idolari, Na: Kugira kinini ku bagore b'amabara. Ibyifuzo by'uburinzi, na bimwe na bimwe, bikomeza kuvuzwa mu mafatizo angana, na bimwe na bimwe bishyizweho amategeko arebana n'umutungo.

Gahunda y’Ubucamanza

Irinda muri i Umucamanza Sisitemu, Kuva: Kuri. Ivanga Ivanga in Ihitamo bingana Irinda. [[: 0% S] v.[[: 1]] (), i A ya: ku Itsinda., [[:] [[:]] Kuri, na Ibirango in Ihitamo.

, i /, bingana. i Bya i i 100: 1 Kuri 18: 1, i Ingaruka Bya Amateka. Bya Ivanga in, na i Gikora Ubuso Bya na.

Ibibazo bitoroshye n’ibindi bibazo bidashobotse

Igikorwa cy’ubutwari mu gihe cy’ibigeragezo

Imyaka mirongo, i Na: - Kuri Cyangwa Binyuranyo bingana Irinda. [[: 0% S] ya:. [[:]] [, i Mbere na Gufata Igikorwa in i bingana Irinda. i Bya in Igenamiterere, Ikindi Amafishi Bya Igikorwa in na Gusigara Ikivugwaho: Kuri.

Guha agaciro uburenganzira bwo guha abandi no kubarinda mu buryo bukwiriye

Irinda Birebire Na:. [[:] v. [[:1]] na [[:] v. [:] < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < < < > < / > < / > < < / > < < / > < < < / > < < < / > < / > < > < < < / > < < < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < < > < > < > < >

, KURI bingana Ururimi:. Amategeko Cyangwa Kurema Kuri i Iburyo: Kuri in Utoranya. & #; in [[:] v. [[:]], Hasi A Urufunguzo Bya i, Kuri A UMUVUMBA Bya Gishya Amabwiriza, bingana Uburinzi.

Ubusumbane mu Bukungu n’Umuryango w’Abibone

, i Kuri Koresha bingana Irinda Kuri Aderesi: Bijyanye n' imitungo. [[: 0% S] v.[:] ([: 1]), i A Leta Bihuye n' irinda, Ishingiro Isubiramo., in [[:] v. [[:] [, i Amabwiriza ku ya: OYA bingana. A OYA Bya Bijyanye n' imitungo.

Icyakora, ingingo zingana zo kurinda zikomeza kugaragara mu manza zikubiyemo kubona aho umuntu ashobora kuba, uburwayi, na amashuri. Intiti zimwe na zimwe zishyigikira igitekerezo cy'uburinzi bungana, bufite amabwiriza arebana n'ubusumbane bw'ubuturo, bugaragaza ko i Leta & # 82117; inanirwa gutanga ibintu by'ibanze by'ibanze, ari byo bingana n'ukwanga ubwenegihugu. Kugeza ubu, urukiko ntirwemeranye n'ubwo buryo bwagutse bwo kubona ibintu.

Uko abantu bo mu rwego mpuzamahanga babona ibintu, barebwa n’uburinzi bungana

: Bya i bingana, ni OYA Cyonyine Kuri i. Ibice byinshi bikurikiza amabwiriza yabyo, na. & #; Bigenga na Mbere i na ku ishingiro ry' amategeko, na ku nshinga y' idini, ubwoko,,, Cyangwa imyanya y' imibare. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'u Buhindi ni imyiringiro ingana irebana n'imyifatire y'inyurabwenge na i Rusange, bitanga uburenganzira ku n'ibiciro by' imyifatire ya kidini, inzego y'uruhuriro.

’ Iposita - Ishingiro ry'Icyamategeko ryihariye rikubiyemo itsinda ry'ibigabane ryihariye ryihariye ryihagarike, rirekura ingamba zo kwiyemeza igikorwa, na i Kuri Kuri Gushyigikira ingana. Urukiko rw'Ihame ryo muri Afurika y'Epfo ni ijwi ryigenga ku itoranya ry' umwikurire na

, 14 Bya i Inteko nshingamateka y'u Burayi ku Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, yashyizeho inteko ikungahaye y'amategeko ku - Irenganura mu turere Kuva: Umutekano wa kimuntu Kuri Amategeko y'umuryango. &# 817; Bya Mbere i na Ivangura.

Dutereze amaso imbere: Imva ko isi yakomeje kubaho mu buryo bungana

Bya bingana Umutekano ku Guhindura...,, na. na - Birenzeho, Bya na bingana. Agoritime Byakoreshejwe in,,, na,,

+ Uburenganzira..., Urwego rwo hejuru ku [[: 0% S] na [[:] na [:] v. [[:][: 3]] [&20], isigaye in Ubuso Imyidagaduro, na public Inkoresha:. & #;, ku < > < / >. < / > v < > < / >. < / > < > < / >; < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > [:] [:] [2222] [2] [2], bingana Inyobora Bingana Inshinganotabo Bishyizwe hagati ku i ku # # # & # & k1; < / > na < / Bijyanye n' ubutunzi >.

Ubu hatangiye kubaho ubutabera n’ivangura ry’ibidukikije, kandi abantu baremerewe n’ibyago by’amabara biterwa n’ibyangiza ibidukikije, kandi ibyo bintu byose byagiye birushaho gushidikanywaho mu manza, nubwo muri rusange inkiko zashidikanyaga ku birebana n’ibyo bibazo, nta gihamya kigaragaza ko ibyo ari ukuri.

Gusobanukirwa amateka n’uburinzi bungana, bituma abaturage bemera ko hakorwa ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, bagashyigikira ivugurura, kandi bigatuma leta zigira icyo zibabaza. Amashuri y’Amategeko, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, n’amatsinda aharanira inyungu z’abantu, bikomeza gutoza abacamanza n’abaharanira ubusumbane bazakomeza kurwana intambara yo kwishyira mu mwanya wa mbere.

Igisoza

Uburinzi bungana si uburyo bwemewe n'amategeko, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kwiyemeza guha abantu agaciro n'ubutabera.

Mu gihe hatsinze ibikomeye, uwo murimo nturangiye. Ubusumbane bukomeza mu buryo bwinshi, kandi gahunda z'amategeko zo kurinda bishobora guhora bisobanurwa, biburanirwa, kandi bikomezwa. Buri gihe abantu bahangana n’ikibazo cyo gutanga isezerano ryo kurinda abaturage bose mu buryo bungana.

, i [[: 0% S] [[: 1] ya: na Inkoresha:, i [[:]] [[: 3] ya: KIGEZWEHO, na i [[:]] ya: Ifishi% S. i ni i Itangira Intera ya:.