Ibyisuzumwa bya 14 Kuri i Ishingiro ry'amategeko ryashyizweho ku itariki ya 9 Nyakanga 1868, ni nka Rimwe Bya i Ivugurura ry'Imibare mu Mateka ya Amerika, ryahaga uburenganzira bw'ubwenegihugu na uburinzi bungana munsi y'amategeko ku Byose Bya Leta. ibyisuzuzo ni igisubizo cy'ibyatanzwe ku bagaragu bemewe barekuwe inyuma y'Intambara y'Abaturage, na ishyirwaho ryayo ryabaye ngombwa kuri buri wese w'ubwenegihugu wihitezwaho, wifuza gusobanukirwa uburenganzira bw'ibanze na uburinzi butangwa n'amategeko.

Amateka n’ibyabaye

Ibyiciro Bya 14 (Byavuyemo) byabonetse mu gihe cy' i Byahawe imyanya y'ubwiru, na Bya i Bya ngombwa Kuri Kuri in. ku ku 13 1866, na ku 9: 1868. Byagaragaje i Imyifatire Ikomeye muri i, Nka Amajyepfo ya mbere yanze i Ibyiciro.

Ivugurura rya 14 ryatumye abantu bahoze bajyanywe mu bubata bahabwa uburenganzira n'uburenganzira bwa Byo mu Isosiyete ya 14 (Bwahimbwe) na Impamyabumenyi y' Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga). Umuyobozi w'Ikigo cya A.

Iryo hinduka ryagaragaje ko A Guhindura mu buryo butangaje mu mategeko. Mbere y' ivugurura, i Bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika byabujije i, Na: mu buryo bufatiweho. Ivugurura rya 14 ryahinduye iyi itsinda ku Amateka y'amategeko y'igitugu ku leta, ishyiraho indi gahunda nshya yo kurinda uburenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye bwihishe igikorwa cya Leta.

Igice bitanu cy’Ivugurura rya cumi na kane

Ibyiciro bya 14 bigizwe n'Imigabane bitanu bitandukanye, buri wese akaba avuga imyanya itandukanye y'ubwenegihugu, igicamanza, na ubutware bwa leta. 1 ni i na, Byose Ibyatoranyijwe bitanu A (% PRODUCTNAME) y' Ishusho yuzuye y'inshingano n'intego.

Igice cya 1: Urufatiro rw’uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga

Rimwe rikubiyemo i & Cyclicks, Uburenganzira bw' umutungo Cyangwa,, na. 1 Bya i Itangaruhushya rya 14 - Bigenga Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika na Kurinda Uburenganzira bw'turango bwa giturage Kuva: Cyangwa ku i Itegeko iryo ari ryo ryose rya Leta Cyangwa Igikorwa. Icyiciro i Ibitabo bigizwe na i Ibitabo bigenewe uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu bigizwe na Leta.

ku, 1 ni i Inzira% s Bya i, na iyi ni i Inzira% s Bya i. Bya iyi Icyiciro ku na Umuryango, buri Bya i hagati na.

2: Bya

Kuri i Kuri. Kuri Imibare, Kubara i Umubare Bya in, OYA. i Kuvanwaho, iyi Ibyashyinguwe ya: ya:, na i Kuri Kuri i i,

3: Kuva:

3 Amaderesi i Bya Kuva: Cyangwa Leta Ofise. Kuri Kuva: Kuri imyanya Bya. Kuri Gukuraho A Na: A Kabiri - GITATU in ku i in, Byose,,,,,,,, na.

Igice cya 4: Ideni rya rubanda

Iryo hinduka ryabuzanyijwe ryabuzanyijwe mu bihugu byahoze bishinzwe kwishyura imyenda y'intambara no kwishyura abahoze ari abacakara b’abantu babo bari mu bubata.

Igice cya 5: Imbaraga zo gushyigikira ubutegetsi

Inteko Nshingano izagira ububasha bwo gushimangira, ku mategeko akwiriye, ingufu z'iyi ngingo. Iyo gahunda yayoboye ku irembo ry'irindi tegeko ry'ikinyandiko mu kinyejana cya 20, hakubiyemo na Konti y'Ikirenga y'umwaka y'umwaka wa 1964, na Konti y'irengera Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga ya 1965. Igicapo cya 5 cy'Ikigo cy'Ikirenga cy'Ikirenga cy'Amacapa cy'ubwigenge gihagararire ku bw'amategeko, nubwo ubunini bw'ubutware bwakozwe bwatanzwe ku bwihuriro ry'amategeko.

Kuba umupayiniya: Kumenya kuba umuturage w’Umunyamerika

Abantu bose bavukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika cyangwa bavutse mu buryo bw’imiterere y’isi, kandi bakaba bagengwa n’ubutegetsi bwayo, ni abaturage bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’abaturage batuye muri iyo ntara.

Umutungo wa Claus wafashe umwanzuro w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Scott, w'uko Abanyamerika badashobora kuba abaturage.

Mu kubigenza atyo, Inama nshingamateka yashyize ku ruhande Ihuriro ry’Umuyobozi, maze igasubizaho amahame ya kimuntu agenga ubwenegihugu ku bwa mbere.

Imyifatire yo kuvuka ugomba kuba umuturage

Ku gifungo cya mbere cy'igice cya 1, Urukiko rwemeye ko umwana wavukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika w’ababyeyi b’Abashinwa badashobora kwigenga, ari we utuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, afite uburenganzira bwose n’inshingano z'ubwenegihugu.

Ariko kandi, igisabwa umuntu kuba ‘ ayoboye ubutware bwayo, ’ ntigihagararira abana bavutse bakomoka ku bahagarariye igihugu cy’amahanga, abana bavuka ku banzi b’abanyamahanga mu mijyi y’ubugome, cyangwa abana b’abagize imiryango y’Abahindi bayobowe n’amategeko y’imiryango y’ubwoko runaka. Ibyo binyuranyije n’imimerere igenzurwa n’imimerere runaka aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zitakoresha ubutware bwuzuye ku bantu batuye mu mipaka yayo.

Uburenganzira cyangwa uburyo bwo guhitamo Noël

Nta tegeko na rimwe rizashyirwaho cyangwa ngo rishyirwe ku rutonde rw’amategeko azabuzanya igikundiro cyangwa ibirego by’abaturage bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika.

i Kuri Kuri i Uburenganzira... Cyangwa OYA Kuri Kuri i Bya Kuri i, na i Nyuma Byakoreshejwe i ya: Intego, ni UYUMUNSI ku na Bingana.

Uko gahunda ya Noël ikwiriye: Kurinda ubuzima, Umudendezo n’Imitungo

Nta Leta izabuza umuntu uwo ari we wese ubuzima, umudendezo, cyangwa ibintu, nta buryo bukwiriye bwo gusohora amategeko. Ihuriro rya porogaramu ya Claus Clause Bya i Ivugurura rya 14 (Inzego za Gitsina) ryizemeza ko amategeko agomba gukurikizwa nta kwibeshya kandi agakurikiza amategeko atunganye.

Impera

na. Mbere Bya Ubuzima, Cyangwa Indangakintu:. i Iburyo: Kuri, i Kuri, -, na Ikindi Ibintu Bya.

Uburinzi butangwa mu buryo bwa ngombwa bugera ku mimerere myinshi, kuva ku birego by'ubugizi bwa nabi, kugeza ku makuru y'ubuyobozi, kugeza ku irebere ry'ibihano. Uburyo bufatiweho busabwa ku buryo umuntu ashishikajwe n'ibizamukenwa biterwa n'imimerere y'impamvu, ariko ihame ry'ibanze rikomeza: ubutegetsi bugomba gukora ibihuje n’uko bikwiriye mu gihe bugize ingaruka ku burenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye.

Impera

Bya i Byakoreshejwe. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwakoresheje i Kuri Ibyifuzo by' umwihariko in < Urwego: = "Imiryango" > < / >. (- 655), yaguye iyi mpamyabushobozi bw' umwihariko in < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / >. < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / >.

Mu buryo bw'ibyanze (22), Urukiko rw'Abagore (Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubuzima) rwasenyutse Roe, ruvuga ko gukorora inda atari kimwe mu bigize uburenganzira bw'ubuturo bwihishwe. Uburenganzira bw'ubwihisho bwihishwe munsi y'Ivugurura rya Imine, na bwo bushobora kuba butarahera kandi buzakomeza gukurikizwa mu myanzuro y'igihe kizaza. Ubwihindurize bukomeza, bugaragaza ko ibisobanuro byemewe n'amategeko bikomeza guhuza n'imimerere y'imibanire na filozofiya, na filozofiya y'amacamanza.

Iperereza ry’Impimbano z’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu

, & Quincy. v. Bya (1897), i Byashyizweho i Kuri i Urubuga: UMWIKUBE Bya Leta i, Itangiriro Bya. iyi Bya, i Bya Bya Bya Kuri Leta Biturutse i.

Mbere ya 1925, in i Bya i OYA Buri gihe ku i Bya hafi urwego na Byashyizweho Kuri i, Rimwe Bya i Ku, ni, i ku in i Kuri i. i Byashyizweho Kuri Gihinguranya i Bya i.

Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwanze mu buryo bweruye ko hashyirwaho Ihuriro rya Gatanu ry'Umugabane n'Ivugurura rya Giheburayo, kandi ntiryigeze na rimwe ritanga ihuriro rya Gatatu ry'Ivugurura. Ubu hafi ya yose amwe mu mashyirahamwe y'Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga arebana n'Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, arebana n’ubutegetsi bwa leta, mu buryo bwitondewe na Leta, ahindura uburenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye muri Amerika.

Uburinzi Bungana na Claus: Urufatiro rw’uburenganzira bw’abenegihugu

Anga Kuri Icyo ari cyo cyose muri i bingana Urinda Bya i. Byakoreshejwe - - na - - - in i ni "Ugurinda Bya i", in A Bya, v. Bya (), v. (in).

i Bya i Bya na Bya i. Amadosiye y' umwijima yashyizwe ku Nyuma i Nyuma y' i Ishinga rya Kibikira ryabuzanyaga uburenganzira na umudendezo wa ba Afurika, bigerageza kuzigama A Sisitemu Bya Ivanga nubwo i Byanzwe n'ubucakara.

Bya

Ibyiciro by' irego by' igenzura bitatu bya za porunogarafiya za ya: bingana na: i: i Herekana% S Igikorwa cyayo A Gutegeka na ni Kuri; i: i Herekana% S Igikorwa cy' isura cy'ingenzi leta ishishikajwe na ikoresha Kuri; Ishingiro: i Igikorwa ni OYA Kuri A.

urwego Byashyizweho ni ya: < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > Kuri ku Ivanga, Inkomoko, na, na Kuri Amategeko Imitwaro. < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > Kuri Ingerofatizo < / >. Igaragaza, i Bisanzwe, Kuri Ibindi, ku Birutanwa Cyangwa Imimerere y'ubwishyu.

Igikorwa Cya Leta

The State Action Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prevents discrimination or other violations of rights by state agents or government entities, but not private actors. In the Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Court ruled that Congress cannot prohibit purely private discrimination under Section One, which applies only to state action.

, A By' umwihariko A Umumaro Rusange Cyangwa Kuri i Leta Gicurasi munsi ya: i. ku. (-), i Byafashe ko icamanza Bya A Bishinzwe Ivanga ry' Ingirwabuko ryihariye. i. ku (1961), A Umwanya in A public Igaraje, Byafitanye isano na Leta, ku buryo ivangura ry' ibara ry' ibara ry'uruhu ryashyizweho n'itsinda ry'igihugu.

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga

Iryo hinduka, cyane cyane igice cyaryo cya mbere, ni kimwe mu bice by'Ishingiro, ingirabuzima fatizo ya: Imyanzuro y'Icyihutirwa y' Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, nka Brown na. (1954; Irebana ry'uburezi ribuzanya ivangura ry'amoko mu mashuri ya leta), na Virginia (1967; isoza ibuzanya ry'ishyingiranwa ry'amoko), Roe v. Wade (1973; zirikana... imyanzuro na Ibindi byinshi byagize ihinduka umuryango w'Ikirenga Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, kandi bikomeza kugira ingaruka ku matsinda mu by'amategeko na politiki.

Brown v. Bya Inyigisho (1954)

i in Bya V., Bya public ku ku NIBA i ",", Bya i "" Bya, ni. cy/ byagarajwe A Akadomo in Urutonde, Leta - Ivanga in public i.

Iryo tsinda ryahise rivanaho icyicaro cy’abanyeshuri, ariko ryatanze urufatiro rw’amategeko rw’Umuryango Ushinzwe Uburenganzira bw'Ikibano nyir'Akazi.

Ferguson (1896)

A umukara na Umweru Kuri, bingana,, na in 1892, apolisi - - - - ku A Imodoka ya: "" Kuri Himura Kuri A Imodoka ya:. A 7 -, i Birebire Nka i bingana, i.

Icyemezo cyafashe cyo guhitamo i "Bitandukanye bingana" Inyigisho yemewe ko ivangura rishingiye ku moko rishobora gushyirwaho mu buryo bwemewe mu gihe cya za mirongo mirongo itandatu. Bya i Claus de l’universe d’alves, irebana na buri bice bya rubanda rushingiye ku nzego za politiki, byagize ingaruka ku mibereho ya rusange yo kuva ku mashuri ku buryo bwiyunguruza kujya ku bicucu bya rusange.

Virginia (1967)

Igishusho cy'amategeko cyo kurinda ishyingiranwa hagati y'abantu ku shingiro ry'ishyirahamwe ry'amoko. i Bya i Bya i 14 Ivugurura. in & Virginia, i Ishinga ry'Ikirenga ryanze amategeko abuzanya ishyingiranwa ry'amoko, ivuga ko ayo mategeko arenze ku mategeko agenga umutekano wa Claus Claus na i.

Wainwright (1963)

Mu cyemezo cya gitsiko cya Gideon na Wainwright, Urukiko rwavuze ko Ihuriro rya Gatandatu ry’Impano ry’Impamyabumenyi ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze, kandi Ivugurura rya 14 rituma abaregwa mu nkiko za leta bahabwa uburenganzira bwo gushinja, hakubiyemo n’abashinjaga imanza zirebana n’uburenganzira.

Reed v. Reed (1971)

v. Byagarajwe i Itangira i Byanzwe A ku i. i Bya Bya i na, i Itegeko ry'ubwihuse i Nka i umuyobozi Bya i. iyi Byikoresha ya: i Bya i.

Obergefell v.

Ihuriro rya 14 ryiyemeje ko leta yemera ko abantu babiri bahuje igitsina bashyingiranwa, kandi ko igena ishyingiranwa ry’abantu babiri bahuje igitsina, mu gihe ishyingiranwa ryabo ryemewe n’amategeko kandi rigafatwa inyuma y’igihugu.

Na

Ivugurura rya cumi na kane rikomeza kugira uruhare rukomeye mu mpaka z’amategeko n’iz’abanyapolitiki zo muri iki gihe.

Ubutabera n’Umuco Ukwiriye Kubaho

i Bya 14 (). i i Uburenganzira Kuri, Kuri, i, i Uburenganzira Kuri Kuri -, na Ikindi. Uburinzi Ifashayobora: i Biterwa Akira amacakubiri y' imanza abonerana na leta, na i Leta ntishobora kwima abantu ku muntu urekuriwe umudendezo.

Kuba Inyandiko y’Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga ya Gitabo cy’Imiryango Igizwe n’Imibare Icumi, byashyizeho amahame amwe agenga imikorere y’ubwicanyi muri ibihugu byose.

Amashuri n’uburyo buhwanye

ku. Bya, i Gutegeka kwa Claus bikomeza kubumba amateka na. Inkiko z' Inyigisho zagiye zisuzuma ibintu bijyanye n'imyifatire y'imfashanyigisho, guhera ku ifaranga ryatangwaga ku ishuri, Kuri Kuri i Bya abanyeshuri Na: Ubumuga. Porogaramu Gucaho iyicamo i Claus de light by clease na Impamvu z'ubwitondewe bitanga ikoreshwa ry'Ivanga ry'Imiryango, mu buryo bwihishe, bikubiyemo ibyifuzo by'amoko, na Impera y'ifatizo.

Guhaya uburenganzira n’ibishushanyo bya politiki

i Bingana ya: Byose Abaturage in A Leta, Bya, Nka Abantu, Ubuso, na Ibyiciro Kuri Kuri ni., in. (64), Na: bingana,

Ibanga na

Imyifatire ya Claus (Act Claus Procession) yasobanuwe kugira ngo isohoze bimwe mu bintu bigize ubwihisho n’ubwigenge bw’umuntu ku buryo ubutegetsi butamwivangamo.

Ibibazo n’intege nke

N’ubwo Ivugurura rya 14 ryagize ingaruka ku bantu, si ko buri gihe ryasohoje isezerano ryaryo ry’uburinzi bungana na uko byagombaga kugirwa n’Abanyamerika bose. Ivugurura rya 14 ryananiwe gusa kwagura Iperereza ry'Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga kuri leta; ryanananiwe kurinda uburenganzira bw'abaturage b’Abirabure, ahubwo ryabaye umurage w’abaturage b’Abarabura n’Abazungu, barwanagashyamiranye na bo kugira ngo basohore isezerano ry’ibyamezwa ry’ihene ry'ihene rya 14.

Ivugurura rishingiye ku bisobanuro by'amategeko, ibikorwa by'amategeko, na abayobozi. Kuva kera, inzego z'amabwiriza yo kuvanaho imipaka ya 14 zagutse kandi zishyizweho bishingiye ku mahinduka ya filozofiya z'iby'imanza, imimerere ya politiki, n'imirya mishya y'imibanire y'abantu. Gusobanukirwa iyi kamere ishyaka bifasha abaturage kwishimira ibyo ibyo igezeho hamwe n'ibibazo byayo bikomeza.

Uko Leta Igira Imipaka

Icyiciro i Ibyiciro bya 14 by' i Ishinga rya Imirimo ni cyo cyihishe, OYA umwihariko, kandi ku buryo bishyirirwaho imipaka mu bihereranye no gukemura amacakubiri n'uburenganzira by' umwihariko. i Bya kimuntu (1883) byumvikanira ko i Ibyiciro bya 14 by'umwanya bidahagaritsweho uburenganzira bwo kwirengagiza ivangura ry' ibara ryihuriro ku bantu b' umwihariko.

Ibisobanuro bisobanuwe

, na i Bya i Itangwa:.

Imbaraga zitangwa n’inteko

5 Ishinga ryatanzweho uburenganzira bwa Cyangwamuyobozi bwa Cyangwabitswe ku i Kuri. (Cyangwa). (Cyangwa). (Cyangwa (Cyangwa) i Bya Bya) i Bya Bya Kureka i Igerageza nomero ku ku Bikorwa, i Kontineri yagabanyije Uburenganzira bw'ikivunga (ibyitonderwa).

, i Ingano: Bya UMWIKUBE 5 Ikivugwaho: Kuri. Bya v. () Byanzwe Porogaramu Bya i ku Leta Byahinduwe: i,. 5 UMWIKUBE ni ku i.

< > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > (6 / 6 < > < / >) i < > < / > (- - Bya - 14 < / >) (- Inzego y' inzego y'ubwigenge) iruhushya (inzego y' inzego y'ubwigenge).

Ibitabo by’Ingenzi Bigenewe Abanyagihugu

Gusobanukirwa Ivugurura rya 14 biha abaturage ubushobozi bwo kumenya no gushyira mu bikorwa uburenganzira bwabo bwemewe n'amategeko. Uburinzi bw'ibyashyizwe mu mategeko bugira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi mu buryo bwinshi, buturutse ku guhana ibikorwa birangwa n’ubutabera bya leta, kugeza ku kurinda amategeko arebana no guca urwaho rubi, ku buryo umuntu ashobora kugera ku buryo agera ku buryo bukoreshwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.

Jya umenya uburenganzira ufite

Abaturage bagomba gusobanukirwa ko Ivugurura rya cumi na kane ryizeza ko hari uburyo bw’ibanze burinda ubutegetsi n’ibikorwa bya leta.

Gufatanya no kuba umunyamabanga

amateka y'Ivugurura rya 14 agaragaza ko uburenganzira bwigenga butari ubw'umwihariko. Bisaba ko abaturage, imiryango, abashingwamakuru, na abatware batowe kugira ngo bagire icyo babugeraho. Gusobanukirwa ibyemezo byatanzwe n'abaturage, bituma bashobora kwifatanya mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza mu bikorwa bya demokarasi na gushyigikira amategeko yubaha amahame mbwirizamushinga.

Uburenganzira bw'amategeko

Mu gihe ubutegetsi burenze ku burenganzira bwa cumi na kane bw’Impera, imikorere inyuranye yemewe n’amategeko ishobora kuboneka, ibyo bishobora kuba bikubiyemo guciraho iteka abagizi ba nabi mu manza, gusesagura ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, cyangwa gushinja abagizi ba nabi ko barenze ku burenganzira bwa gitungwa.

Ivugurura ry’Ubwihindurize Rikomeza

Ivugurura rya cumi na kane rikomeza kuba kimwe mu bigize amategeko y'amategeko agenga amategeko, rikomeza guhuza n’imimerere n’ibibazo bishya.

Imyanzuro iherutse gufatwa n’Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwaherutse gukemura ibibazo, kuva ku ihame ryiyemeza, ishyingiranwa ry'ibitsina, uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda, n'uburenganzira bwo gutora, byose bishyirwa mu isomero ry'Ivugurura rya 14.

Ubutunzi bwo Kwigisha n’Ukwiga Ikindi Gihe

Kuri Bya i Kuri Ibikorana. [[: 0% S] Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye Urutonde na. [[:] [[:] Kuri Inyandiko na Bigyanye i na.

Ububikoshingiro Nka [[: 0% S] [[: 1] Kigenga Kuri, Umwandiko, na By' amategeko. Ibikorana Gushoboza Kuri Soma na i KURI Igihe.

Amashyirahamwe y’ibitabo, ububiko bw’ibitabo n’imiryango ishinzwe abaturage, akenshi itanga porogaramu n’ibintu by'ibanze ku birebana n’amateka y’amategeko n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyatumye uhagararira kuba umuturage w’umunyagihugu ubikwiriye

Isobeka rya 14 ry' Ivugurura ry'Ikinyuranyo cya 14 ry'Imibare ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byagezweho mu mateka y'amategeko y'isi. Ibiteganyijwe byahinduye imishyikirano iri hagati y'abantu na leta, bishyiraho inzego z'amategeko zirinda uburenganzira bw'ibanze bwa leta. Gusobanukirwa indi myanzuro y'ibanze y'umwanya wabo wemewe n'amategeko, bituma abaturage bamenya uburenganzira bwabo n’inshingano zabo.

Kurinda i

  • Kuba umuturage w’abantu bose bavutse cyangwa bavutse mu gihugu cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, batitaye ku bwoko cyangwa ku babyeyi
  • Kurinda amategeko mu buryo bukwiriye, kwanga gufatwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu mu buryo bwicanyi
  • Uburyo busabwa bwo kurinda abantu bugakora ibintu mu buryo bukwiriye mbere y’uko ubutegetsi buvutsa abantu ubuzima, umudendezo cyangwa ibintu
  • Bya ku
  • Bya Impinga y'Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga yarinda leta binyuriye mu gushyiraho ubutegetsi
  • Imbaraga zagiye zishyirwaho zigamije gushimangira ubwo burinzi binyuriye ku mategeko akwiriye

Amateka Asobanura

  • Umwanzuro wa Dr Scott waje guhirika, maze ashyiraho uburenganzira bwo kuba umwana w’imfura
  • Urufatiro mpuzabitsina rwakozwe mu rwego rw’isomero rugamije kuvanaho ivangura rishingiye ku moko
  • Impapuro zaguye zo kurinda ubutegetsi
  • Bafite gahunda yo kurinda uburenganzira bw’abaturage n’umudendezo w’umuntu ku giti cye
  • Kuri Kuririnda Uburenganzira bw'uburenganzira bw' Leta

Porogaramu

  • Iyemeza uburyo bwitondewe bw'ubugizi bwa nabi mu birego bya Leta
  • Amategeko n’ibikorwa byo kwinubana bitangwa na leta hamwe na leta
  • Irinda uburenganzira bwo gutora n’abahagarariye politiki
  • Irinda uburyo bwo kwiga no kubona uburyo bungana bwo kubona imirimo ikorerwa abantu bose
  • i Ikiganiro ku i Ikibazo cy' uburenganzira bwa gitumijwe

Igisoza

Ihuriro rya cumi na kane ry'amategeko y'amategeko y'ibyashyizweho na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika hamwe n'uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu. Inkomoko yayo yaturutse ku Ntambara y'Abaturage, kugeza ku isoza ryayo rikomeza mu manza z'amategeko y'iki gihe, ivugurura ryahinduye cyane imibanire y'Abanyamerika n'ubutegetsi. Ibyemezo byayo by'ubwenegihugu, uburinzi bungana, na gahunda isabwa, ni yo irinda abantu bose b’Abanyamerika, kandi ishinga amahame y’ibanze yo kutabera hamwe n’ubusumbane mu gihe cy'amategeko.

Ubwenegihugu bugomba gusobanukirwa ibi birinda n'ibibihagararo byabyo by'ingirakamaro. Urutonde rw'Ibyiciro bya 14 rugaragaza ko uburenganzira bw' amategeko bufatika atari amahame gusa, ahubwo ko bufite igihamya gihoraho gisaba kuba maso, kuba umunyamabanga, na kwitondera. Binyuriye mu gusobanukirwa imyifatire ya kibyeyi, Porogaramu z'ingenzi, na ikomeza Ubwihindurize, abaturage bashobora kurushaho guha agaciro uburenganzira bwabo, gusohoza inshingano zabo, no kwifatanya mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza mu butegetsi bwa demokarasi.

Iryo sezerano ry' ivugurura ry'uburinzi bungana na ku buryo abantu bose bakomeza kuba bakomeza Umushinga uhoraho, ukaba usaba buri wese mu bahindi kugira ngo akore ibihamya bifite ireme mu bikorwa. Binyuriye mu mashuri, ishinga ry' amategeko y'ubwihisho, na ku kugambiriye ku mahame mbwirizamuco, abaturage bashobora gufasha kwiyemeza neza ko i Ivugurura rya 14 rikomeza gusohoza umugambi waryo w'ingenzi wo kurinda uburenganzira bwa buri muntu na guteza imbere uburinganire mu gihe cy'amategeko.

Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye na, i [[: 0% S]. [[: 1] na i Bya Bihari Gihinguranya [[: 2.].[[:]], Kuri Urutonde, Inyandiko, na Ibikorana Bigyanye na.