Igitekerezo cyo kuringana cyatangiye mu buryo bugaragara uko imyaka yagiye ihita, imiterere y'amategeko mu bihugu binyuranye. Uko umuryango w'isi ugenda ugenda urushaho kwiyongera, in inzego z'amategeko zirinda uburenganzira bw'abantu bose. iyi ngingo isuzuma iby'igihe kizaza cy'uburinganire binyuriye ku ibyiciro biherutse gushyirwaho n'amahinduka mu mahinduka y'amategeko.

Amateka y’Uburinganire

i Bya i Bisabwa A Kureba Inyuma Ku Imvugiro. Uburinzi bwagutse mu gihe, ku Amatsinda y' imibanire na in public. Mu bintu by' itangira byagiye bihinduka hakubiyemo i Kuvanwaho bwa bucakara in i Bya i, i Bya i, na itangizwa ry' amategeko - mu bihugu. Bya, Kurema A ya: Bya ki gihe cya none.

Imishinge ya mbere: Gupfusha no gupfusha

Ivanjiri yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1800, ryagaragaje ko ihinduka rishya mu by'amategeko ryihariye. Ibihugu, urugero nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika (na rya tegeko ryo gushyingura ubucakara mu mwaka wa 1865) na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika (na rya Gatabo rya 13 ry'ubucakara mu mwaka wa 1865) byatangiye gusenya ubucakara bwa kimuntu. Icyakora, uburemere bwemewe n'amategeko bwakomeje kutuzuye, nk’uko abahoze ari abagaragu n’abagore n’abagore, bahanganye n’ibirego bikomeye ku gutora, uburenganzira bw’abatunzi, n'ubutunzi, na rubanda mu rubanda mu mpera z’ibinyejana bya 1950, n’ubu mbere bya 20 z’ikinyejana, amaherezo byiyongera ku burenganzira bwo kwemerera uburenganzira bwo gutoranya abagore mu bihugu nka Nouvelle - Zélie), Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (192020), na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (192828.

Ishinga Amategeko y'Ikirenga

Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, habayeho inyungu zikomeye mu by'amategeko. Amategeko y'Ikirenga ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika yo mu mwaka wa 1964 yabuzanya ivangura rishingiye ku ibara ry'urukoba, ibara ry'uruhu, idini, ubusambanyi, cyangwa inkomoko y'igihugu mu kazi no mu bicumbi bya leta. Mu gihe cyaryo, Ubwongereza bwatangiye guhitana inzego z'uruhushya rwo mu mwaka wa 1965, na Afurika y'Epfo, na bwo butangira kuvanaho ivangura ry'ivangura ryikuzimu mu mwaka wa 1990. Ayo mategeko ntiyashoje burundu ivangura ryihizwe, ahubwo yashinze amategeko yemewe n'amategeko agenga abantu bose.

Amasosiyete Mpuzamahanga Aharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu

Uburinganire bwashyizwe imbere binyuriye ku bikoresho mpuzamahanga. Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry'Ubwigenge bw'Ikiremwamuntu (1948) ryatangaje ko “abantu bose bavuka bafite umudendezo kandi bareshya mu by'icyubahiro no mu burenganzira.” Amasezerano akurikiranya, nka Isezerano Mpuzamahanga ku Uburenganzira bw'Ikiturage na politiki (1966) na Inteko Mpuzamahanga ku Ivanga ry'Uruhushya rw'Uruhande rw'Abagore (797), yatangije inshingano z'ibyashyingirwaho.

Imitekerereze iriho muri iki gihe mu bihereranye n’uburinzi bushingiye ku mategeko

Mu gihe dutegereje igihe kizaza, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kugaragara mu burinzi bwemewe n’amategeko bugamije gutuma abantu barushaho kugira uburinganire.

Bya Amategeko Arwanya Guca Amategeko

< > < / > v < > < / >. < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > Bya i Ikiranga, Icyerekezo:, na Yahagaritswe. Urugero, i < > < / >. < > < / > < > < / > in [: 0% S < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > Kuri ku Icyerekezo na Icyerekezo Birinzwe. < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < < < > < >

Kwibanda ku mimerere inyuranyije n’aho biherereye

, Nka,,,, na Ikinyabureti. (-). Ijambo, yakorewe n'amategeko, Kuva: Imyunge Bya Amabwiriza, Bigenga. Urugero:, i ya: na.. Ububiko:. NONEAHA Amatsinda Igikubo Bya Irengayobora,.

Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu bugomba kubanza kugera ku bantu bo ku isi hose

Amasezerano mpuzamahanga n'amasezerano ashingiye ku burenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, bishyirwaho kugira ngo bishyigikire ubusumbane ku isi hose, bikagira ingaruka ku mategeko y'ibihugu. Intego y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yo Kugaba no Kugaba Inzego z'Ikirenga, isaba ko ubusumbane bugabanywa hagati y'ubusumbane mu bihugu no mu bihugu. Amashyirahamwe nk'Afurika, nka Konsi ya Afurika ku Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu na Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Amerika, yasohoye amacakubiri y'intare, uhereye ku burenganzira bw'igihugu bwaho kugeza ku LGBTQ +. Ibyo bihatira mpuzamahanga bitera ivugururande, kandi bigatanga ikimenyetso ku bihereranye no gukemura amajyambere.

[[: 0% S] Kuri i Bya, Na: - Amategeko Kuri Intera Bya. isigaye.

Amajyambere mu bya tekiniki n’uburinganire

Ikoranabuhanga rifite uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma abantu barushaho kugira uburinganire mu gihe kiri imbere.

Agenga amateka na

Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, ibyifuzo by' ikoranabuhanga, na ibyifuzo by' amategeko agenga irinda amacakubiri ashingiye ku magenzura y' amategeko akoreshwa ku Ibyatanzwe Ikoresha:. ADNKOMEZO Byakoreshejwe mu guha akazi,, na Porotokole, bikomeza kwifashisha ibyifuzo bigenga. Urugero, i Bya i UNICEF () bikubiyemo ibyifuzo by'ubwihisho by'ifatizo, birinda imyanya y'imyifatire yo gufatire yo guhagarikira. Abashinzwe amategeko mu rwego rw'amategeko mu rwego rw'u Burayi, bifatanyiriza mu buryo butyo.

Kugera ku Butabera

By'amategeko Ibikorana Birenzeho, Amatsinda na., By' amategeko, na kiri kuri interineti - Ifashayobora Ibikoresho Cyagutse, i - 19 Igika., i & Y' imibare Gugabanya Interineti Cyangwa & Bikurikije imibare Gicurasi Ibumoso:. nka i in i U.. Kuri Ikirango iyi Umwanya, Birenzeho By' amategeko Amategeko Kuri in Kuri Kuri Inyandiko.

Ubuhanga n’ubudahemuka bwa Aligoritime

Koresha Bya in - Bigyanye na, By' amategeko Kuri. Urugero:, Byakoreshejwe in Intego:., Gicurasi Akayunguruzo: Inyuma Kuva: Amatsinda., i, Porogaramu ku urwego na ku ejuru -. A ku - Kuri Amatsinda., i Kuri Ihangagishusho.

Uruhare rw’Inyigisho mu Bihereranye no Guteza Imbere Uburinganire

Amashuri agamije kurinda abantu batandukanye, agomba guterwa n’amashuri atuma abantu basobanukirwa kandi bubaha imico itandukanye.

Iterambere ry' Porogaramu

Amashuri arushaho kwiyongera amwe n'amwe ku bihereranye no gutandukana, guhitamo no kwivanga. Ubu na ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ategeka ko inyigisho ya: + Urutonde Cyangwa i. i, i Giciro cy'ubuciro Gusaba ko abantu bose bakwishimira kuvanaho, ku buryo burutanya, na Imishyikirano myiza ikorwa mu buryo bw'imyifatire.

Imyitozo y’abarimu

Porogaramu z'iterambere ry'abahanga zashyizweho kugira ngo abarezi bagire ubuhanga bwo gukemura ibibazo by'ivangura n'ivangura. Imyitozo irebana n'umuco, kwishyira mu mwanya w'imyifatire y'imyifatire, no kuba mu ishuri rifitemo ibitekerezo bifatika, ni byo bitangwa mu duce twinshi tw'amashuri. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abigisha bahabwa izo myitozo bashobora kunonosora neza kurushaho ku buryo bashobora kurema ahantu harangwa umutekano wo kwiga no kwitangira mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza mu gihe abatoteza abandi cyangwa barobanura abandi. Gushyigikira abantu kurobanura abantu ku bandi ni ibintu bigora amatsiko cyane bitewe n’uko bishobora kuba byashinze imizi mu buryo bwimbitse.

Imibonano y’umuryango

hagati na in Kwibuka na ya:. Porogaramu,, na Bya hafi Amatsinda y' amategeko na Guteranya Ibyiciro. Urugero:, i [[: 0% S] Umushinga [[:]] Ibikorana ya: na Kuri.,, na na UMWIKUBE.

Ibibazo Bihereranye n’Uburinganire

Nubwo habayeho amajyambere, ibibazo biracyariho. Zimwe mu nzitizi zikomeye zishobora gutuma abantu badashobora guhindura imikorere yabo, bakagira ubusumbane n’imimerere ya politiki igenda irushaho kwiyongera.

Kuri

Imyifatire yo kwagura amategeko arinda abakinnyi bahangana n'amatsinda ahanganye na ihinduka ry' imibanire y' imibanire. Amatsinda arwanya uburenganzira bw'ikinyabupfura, na Amajyambere yo kurwanya inzego zikoreshwa na ruswa, bishobora kubuzanya cyangwa bigatuma amategeko adakoreshwa. Urugero, Leta za Leta za Leta zishyiraho amategeko abuza abakinnyi kwifatanya mu mikino yo mu ishuri, arwanya ibyifuzo byagutse ku bihereranye n'ubukungu. . . . .

Uburemere bwa gahunda

Imibare y'Imibare Ikwiranye Ikomeza Kuri Imiryango Igabanyije, Ivugurura. Ryari: amategeko abuzanya ivangura, igabane mu butunzi, amagara mazima, n'amategeko arengera. i Ikinyuranyo/ Itandukaniro ry' Imirimo y'Ibarande Ikomeza. i Ikinyuranyo/ Itandukaniro ry' Imirimo y'Imiryango Ivanga y'Abazungu, ihembo incuro ebyiri ku itunga ry'Umuryango w'Abarabure Byo, Bikurikije imyifatire y'Umubiri, na Porogaramu z'ubutunzi bigezweho.

Imimerere ya gipolitiki

Ibigenga ibijyanye na politiki bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'uburemere, na Intera Bya Gushigikira ya: ya: Irinda. in Gukusanya Kuri Amahinduka : Cyangwa Gusubiza Inyuma Uburenganzira. itoranya Bya abayobozi b'aho bigeze mbere bishobora kuzana mu matsinda mashya, mu gihe ubuyobozi bwitondewe bushobora kwishyira mu mwanya wa mbere urebana n'idini, cyangwa uburenganzira bw'ibihugu ku bihereranye n'uburemere. Imiteguro y'amategeko ihoraho, amategeko yagura cyangwa imyanya. Amatsinda y'ubutware ashobora kwagura cyangwa kugera ku bipimo byayo. Amatsinda y'amategeko y'amategeko y'ibanze, ibihugu, na mpuzamahanga, na Kurema Amatsinda mpuzamahanga akiranya.

Dutekereze mbere y’igihe: Ibihe by’igihe kizaza by’intego zirebana n’amategeko

Mu gihe tugenda tujya imbere, i Bya kuringana bizaba bikozwe na na. Ubuso Kuri Kuri Gushyiramo ivugurura rya politiki, iyungabumwe Mpuzamahanga, na Inzego z' ibipimo. Bya i By' amategeko Kuri.

Ivugurura rishingiye ku buyobozi

ya: Itegeko Aderesi: i Bya Amatsinda. Ivugurura - Amategeko Kuri Gishya - Nka & Bituzuye Imyanya(- na). Urugero:, i in i U.S., Ihuzagihe i Kuri Gushyiramo Icyerekezo: na Ikiranga., i Bya Na: i UMWIKUBE Kuri na. Aderesi: Bijyanye n' imitungo Gihinguranya, Shingiro, na Porogaramu.

Amatsinda Mpuzamahanga Akorana

Akazi Kuri Gusangiza Bihebuje na & Rusange ya:. - Impera Ifashayobora, Nka, Ivanga, na kiri kuri interineti. [[: 0% S] [[: 1] [Bikorwa] Gihinguranya na Bidasanzwe., nka i Bya, Ibyafataranyijwe. na ni ya: i Bya & Rusange.

Imizi Imizi

Gukomeza Kuri Gukina A in Guhindura... na. nka [[: 0% S] [[: 1] na [[: 2] #[[[:]], public na Itegeko. Nka Cyangwa. Ibikoresho Gushoboza, na. By'amategeko Kuva: i Hasi: Hejuru, OYA i Hejuru:.

:[[:] “Ntidusangiwe (T)

Igisoza

Bya ni A na. in By' amategeko, ku Amahinduka na, Gukomeza ya: A Birenzeho Imirimo y' Amatorero. na, na,, Twebwe Akazi Kuri A OYA A Byose. i ni:: Amahanga y' amategeko Gukomeza Kwagura,,, na Kurinda, na, Kuri A OYA A ya: Byose.