Sisitemu Bya na ni i Bya, Oya UMWE Bya Gutegeka Nta kwijimisha. Kuva: i Bya i na in i., i, i,,,,,,,,,,, na Igisobanuro Bya iyi., na i Kuri Igenzura Ibindi:, na i, na i,, na i, i,,, na i, na i, i,,,,, na i, na i, i,,,,,, na i, i,,, na i, i,,, na i, i,, na i, i,,,,, na i, na i, i, i,,, na i, na i, i, i, i,, na i, i, na i.

Imishinga y’isuzuma n’uburinganire bw’abafilosofi

Imizi Bya na Inyuma Kuri Nka, Bya i Bya UMWIKUBE in [[: 0% S]]., i [[: 1]. Ryari: i, na Imimaro Bya na Kuri Kugenzura i Ibindi:. [:] i Inyandikoporogaramu Bya i. [[: 3.] [Bya]., Ryari: i, na Imimaro Bya, na Imimaro Bya, na Kuri Kugenzura i Ibindi., Nka ku in., i Inyandikoporogaramu Bya i.

, Ikindi nkingi y'Imurika, yemeje igitekerezo cy'ushyiraho amasezerano y' imibanire, muri leta yemewe ku imyanya y'ubutegetsi na Iyubahirizwa ku nyirabyo kamere. Abatangiza bo muri Amerika bashyize hamwe izi bitekerezo n'ibyabo ubwabo, kugira ngo bahishe ibyifuzo binyuranye. mu itsinda ry' Abaturage No. 51, "Iba abantu bari abamarayika, nta butegetsi busabwa. Abamarayika bagombaga gutegeka abantu, hanze cyangwa imbere y' imbere ku butegetsi, ni ngombwa" Sisitemu ya genzura na imigabane ku buryo bwihariye bw'igenga imyifatire ya kimuntu bishobora gutuma amashami afatanyandi bufite icyo abazwa, ndetse n'abantu bose babaye.

Ibikorerwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika

., Na: na. Bya A,,,, na. i.

Isuzuma ry'amategeko ku i

i UMWIKUBE Bya i na i UMWIKUBE Kuri Itangiza, KURI Igikorwa cy'Ikigabanyi. Na: A - 3 in Byombi, emera Cyangwa Kwanga ishyirwaho rya perezida na (), na na Gutangira i, perezida, na Abayobozi b'Ikigo cya Leta. na, na, na, i Inzego z'amategeko zigenga, na na Inshingano, na Kuri abacamanza na.

Amagenzura y’Amategeko ku Nzu y’Amakoraniro

i Imiterere na Urwego rwo hejuru Bya i, ya: i. Ivugurura Insobanuro z'amategeko, na i UMWIKUBE Kuri na Gukuraho ya: "Na" Kuri i, Igenamiterere A Akayunguruzo: ku i., i Ingano: Bya i, A Kugenzura Byakoreshejwe A Kuri.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Ibiro by’Amategeko

Prezida w' amategeko ku, abashinga amategeko bahatira gukusanya A Kuri A. i UMWIKUBE Kuri ya: Bidasanzwe Imikoro na Kuri NIBA i Kabiri ku A Itariki:. Amabwiriza na, i Kuri Itegeko muri i Bya $(a i Imbibi Bya., i, i, Byakoreshejwe Kuri Kugenzura Cyangwa.

Urwego rw'Ikigo Cyigenga

Prezida yagejeje ku bacamanza bose ba Leta, hakubiyemo n'abacamanza bo mu Rukiko rw'Ikirenga, bahabwa Iyemeza. Ibyo bituma ishami ry'Ikigo Cya mbere rigira uruhare rukomeye ku nyoboro y'inyandiko n'ubuyobozi bw'ibitekerezo by'abacamanza. Nanone kandi, perezida afite ububasha bwo gushyiriraho amategeko (cyangwa no kwanga gukurikizwa) y'icyamategeko, nubwo inzego z'amategeko zishobora gukurikizwa. Binyuriye ku Ishamikorere y'Ubutabera, umuyobozi w'ubuyobozi ashobora guhana na dosiye mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, mbere y'inshingamanzabihuguriro, impagarariranya z'imanza.

Amashami ashinzwe iby’imanza asuzuma amategeko n’ubuyobozi

na Ntoya i UMWIKUBE Bya Isubiramo . i Kuri Tangaza Amategeko na Ibikorwa. UMWIKUBE in i [[: 0% S]] < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < = " > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

, Abashinzwe gushyirwaho mu mibereho yabo yose, barinda amoshya ya politiki mu gihe cy'impamyabumenyi. Ubwigenge butuma bashobora gusobanura amategeko nta gutinya kwihorera, ariko nanone kandi, ibyo bisobanura ko ihinduka rya filozofiya y'iby'amategeko rigenda buhoro. itsinda ubwaryo riba ari igenzura kuri iyo miyoboro, igatuma abamine bashyizwemo imikorere y'ubushobozi n'ubudahemuka.

Na i

ni Rimwe Bya i Kigaragara. A, i Gicurasi Shyiraho Umukono,, Cyangwa Emera Kuri Isinya Nyuma iminsi (). A ku A Kabiri - Tshingiro in Byombi. A ejuru Umurongo. i - & Umunsi Igihe, A "", na i. Byakoreshejwe ku buri, Na:. (i) na A Bito Imigabane.

Iperereza ry’Amateka ry’Ibyabaye: Ingero n’Uburinganire mu Bikorwa

Amateka y’Abanyamerika atanga ingero nyinshi z’ibintu byakozwe n’imyifatire y’ikoranabuhanga, rimwe na rimwe bikaba byarakozwe mu gihe bitoroshye cyane.

Madison (1803)

. Umucamanza mukuru John Marbury, yanditse arebana n'isuzuma ry'icyitonderwa. William Marbury yashyiriweho kuba ubutabera bw'amahoro na Prezida John Adams mu masaha ya nyuma y'ubuyobozi bwe. Igihe perezida mushya, Thomas Jefferson, yanze gutanga iyo nkosi, Marbury. Umucamanza mukuru John Marshall, yandika ku bw'ihimbi ry'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, yatangaje ko amategeko Marbury yari yashyiriyeho ari agishinzwe n'amategeko y'ubucamanza, ku buryo busoza igicakurisi cya nyuma ku gisobanuro cy'amategeko y'urwe.

Isuzuma rya Andrew Johnson (1868)

Nyuma y'ishyamirane ry'Ibihugu, Johnson yarwanye na Radical Republicans in Kongera Gutangiza Itegeko. Mu mwaka wa 1867, Konsita yashyiriyeho Urwego rw'Ikigo cy'ubwigenge inzego yashinzwe na Johnson, kugira ngo ashyireho amategeko yo gukuraho abagize porogaramu adashyizweho uburenganzira bwemewe na Konsitantine. Johnson yanze itegeko binyuriye mu kwica Umunyamabanga w'Intambara ya Edwin Stanton, atangira gushyigikira ubuhagarike bwakozwe na Inzu y'Abahagarariye Inzu y'Abahagarariye Leta.

Ishami ry' inyanja (197-1974)

i Bijyanye n' imihindagurikire Bijyanye n' imihindagurikire Urugero: Bya na. A itandukanya - in Ku i,, Kuri Hejuru., na i Kuri Irekura: i in [:]. [[:]] [:] []. [- na, na, i Itangira Kuri. (# / i Itangira Kuri. A Kigenga Kanda,, na Kuvanga Kuri Gufata i, ATARIIGIHARWE Ryari: i Amabwiriza i hejuru cyane Ofise in i.

Isuzuma rya Prezida Clinton (1998 - 1999)

Byatewe na ya Sentare Bill Clinton, yabuzanyijwe n'icumbi ry'amategeko na gukemura ibibazo bye na Monica Lewinsky. Nyuma y'inzandiko, yananiwe guciraho iteka, inanirwa kugera kuri za za ngombwa ebyiri n’itatu.

Urukiko Rushya Rushinzwe Gukemura Imyitwarire (1937)

, yashobewe n'ibyemezo byafashwe n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Leta ya New Declara, yashyizeho umugambi wo kongera ku macarupapuro atandatu mashya ku Rukiko.

Akamaro ko gushyira mu gaciro no kutabogama

Gahunda yo gupima no gushyira mu gaciro si ihame ry’amategeko ridafite ishingiro; igira ingaruka zigaragara ku butegetsi no ku mudendezo.

Kwirinda gukandamizwa

Intego Bya na ni Kuri Icyo ari cyo cyose Rimwe Kuva: i Ibindi:. Na: Byombi na Ibikoresho Kuri, i Sisitemu ya: Kuri Gufata Igenzura., Nta Urukiko Rugabanyije, na Nta na kimwe, Nta na kimwe, na Nta na kimwe Isinya ya: A. Bya UMWIKUBE ni i Impamvu i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika A in Ikindi.

Kurindwa ku burenganzira buri wese ku giti cye

na i Amabwiriza yakorewe,, na. ya: By' amategeko, i, na Isubiramo, Byose ni ingwate Kuri Cyangwa. Urugero:, i Amabwiriza ya gicashishi, imyanya irebana na kidakora amategeko ya kimuntu, na, imyanya irinda ku buryo ingwate ingwate ku buryo indi mikoro isaba ko bisengwa ku matsinda menshi y'ibice by'amategeko y'uruhare cyangwa umudendezo w'idini, mu gihe i depacte inzego adakurikiza amategeko agenga amategeko. Sisitemu irinda uburenganzira bw'inyongera ku buryo bwihuse, kugira ngo bibonere inyungu zivuye ku yandi mashami.

Na

Ibindi: Binyuriye ku bucunga -,, isubiramo, na i Iyemeza., Raporo rusange, na (nka Bidasanzwe) Kurema Urubuga Bya Imyifatire y'ubwigenge. Sisitemu Itumanaho + < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < Urwego:" > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < Urwego: < Urwego: < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < >

Inkunga yo Gupfusha Uburenganzira no Gupfusha Ibintu

Nta ishami rishobora gukora ryonyine ku bintu byinshi, i Sisitemu ihatira abantu kuganira, gushyikirana, na. Amategeko ku buryo bwombi bw' itsinda ry'Ikigo cy'Ikigo cy'Ikigo cy'Ikigo cya Kongiriya, birokoka isuzuma rya perezida, na guhangana n'ikibazo cy'amategeko.

Ibibazo abantu bahura na byo

Nubwo ubwo buhanga bwo guhangana n’imyifatire yo guharanira ko ibintu bikomeza kubaho, muri iki gihe hari ibibazo bikomeye.

Iryo bara n’ihuriro ry’imyivumbagatanyo

, i ku, kuyobora Kuri, na., A Byakoreshejwe, A, Kuri ATARIIGIHARWE Shingiro., Nka Nka i “SITAGIHARI" ya: ya: Cyangwa i Bya Abaperesi ku Igikorwa.

Gukora Ikinyuranyo/Imikorere

Bya Byombi, Kwagura i Koresha Bya Amabwiriza y'ubuyobozi, na Kuri. Urugero, ya: () Porogaramu,, na < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

Imyitwarire y’Amacamanza n’Impaka z’Ubwitangizi

Bya., i in nka [: 0% S] '. [[: 1]] [:] [:]) Gutsindira [[: 2] v. [[:], i Birebire -. na Kuri. Impari ya: ~Umwimerere v. ni OYA, na i Bya Gihinguranya A. i public i Nka A, in Ikindi Ikirango Kuri i.

Ibyatuma Abantu Babangamirwa no Kwigenga mu Butegetsi bw’Amacamanza

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibitigiri bya gipolitiki byatanze iguburura Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, imipaka, Cyangwa imyanya y'amategeko y'ubutegetsi ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe. Nubwo ibyo ari byo bikoreshwa mu nshinga z'impamyabumenyi, bashobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo bahane cyangwa batekereze abacamanza bashingiye ku mategeko adakurikizwa na rubanda. Ubwigenge bw'amategeko ni ngombwa kugira ngo itsinda ry'ubutegetsi rikomeze inzego.

Uko wakomeza umutekano n’uburinganire bw’igihe kizaza

Nta gahunda y’amategeko itunganye, kandi buri munyamuryango ugomba gukora uko ushoboye kose kugira ngo utegure inzego zirinda umudendezo.

i -

ku, ku Amabwiriza, na i Koresha Bya. [[: 0% S]] [[: 1] i UMWIKUBE Bya i; UMWIKUBE Gihinguranya na ku Bya Kuri i. A ya: Icyo ari cyo cyose Igikorwa Bihoraho Birenzeho 60 iminsi, i, i Bya.

Gusezeranya gucira urubanza mu buryo budakwiriye

ya:, Mugushagisho, Cyangwa A Iyemeza Konti:. Na: -, i ni Kuri i ejuru - Bya, buri. [[:] Bya i [:] ya: i Bya i Kuva:. Kuri Ibisubizo ku.

Gushyira Igaragara mu Buryo bw’Ikirere n’Imyifatire

, i Ishinga Amategeko y'amategeko y'amategeko y'irengayobora, ya: Ishinga, na inzego za perezida zigenga ugushimishwa., nka i Ofise Bya imbibi z'amategeko, na, inzego z'amategeko zigomba kurindwa.

Kurinda Amategeko

na Indongozi Icyihutirwa Ububiko ATARIIGIHARWE Ryari: Ibinyuranyo. i [[: 0% S] [[: 1]] Kuri, i, i UMWIKUBE, na i Isubiramo. Bya Cyangwa Ububiko., [[:] in, i Agaciro: Bya na na Kuri Kuva: Abayobozi.

, i [[: 0% S] U.. & Ipaji [[: 1] A Gusiba Incamake Bya i Ikindi. ni i Itangira Intera.

Igisoza

na OYA A Bya i. i Ibigenderwaho Ibisabwa i Bya iki gihe. UMWIKUBE na, i Sisitemu, i Bya, na Kuri buri urwego. Ingero $() Kuri Kuri i & Umunsi < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >