Gusobanukirwa Igitekerezo cy’Ubwihindurize: Uburyo Tomasi Yaganiriyeho no Guca Urwanya

Clarence Thomas amaze igihe kirekire ari we muhango w'ibanze n'ufite ubushishozi ku Rukiko rw'Ikirenga. Ikindi Amacamanza amwe n' amwe n'amwe mu macakubiri igisobanuro cy'umwimerere, i Uburyo Kwambukiranya buri kanya hose bw'amategeko. Kuri we, inkomoko ni OYA agicapa cyangwa amwe; ni i Uburyo bwemewe n'amategeko bwo gusobanura inyandiko. in Igikubo igaragaza ko inshingano ya Judiary ari “ishyiriyeho isoko y'umwimerere y'ibanze y'amategeko," aho guhindura cyangwa guhuza na kamere ya kibyeme.

, Nka, A Isuzuma Bya Amateka: i Ku i, i Leta Inyandiko, na Inkoranyamagambo na. Iposita - Kuri i public Umwandiko Kuri Impuzandengo. Uburyo ibisubizo. Urugero:, i ~Umwimerere Bya i ni i Bya vuba Byakoreshejwe i Bikoreshwa rwihishwa, i Umwimerere Bya i Uburenganzira bw' umutungo Cyangwa Bya Kwinjiza porogaramu.

Inyigisho z'umwimerere za Thomas zikunze guhuzwa n ’ “amategeko mbonerahamwe agenga ubuzima”, amwemeza ko ibisobanuro by'amategeko bishobora guhinduka bikavanwa n'ishyirahamwe ry'ikigo cya Leta. Thomas yanze iyo nama y'inyurabwenge, avuga ko iha abacamanza ububasha bwinshi cyane bwo gushyiraho amahame yabo bwite. Ahubwo, yizera ko niba abantu bashaka guhindura uko ubutegetsi bwabo bukora, bagomba kuvanaho amategeko y'amategeko binyuriye ku buryo bwihitiwemo, ntibe bishingire abacamanza kugira ngo bayandike.

Ubutegetsi bw’Ikirenga bwakozwe mu Gihe Cya vuba

: Rifle & amp; v.

[[: 0% S] [[: 1] ni i Gusiba Urugero: Bya Uburyo A. ya: i, “Byagutse” ya: A i. Byanzwe i Kabiri - Impera - Igerageza Ntoya Byakoreshejwe ya: IMYAKA na A Gishya Igerageza: i Itegeko ni“ Na: i Bya Amabwiriza. , Igerageza Kuri Kuva: i Ibigenderwaho na, in, i, Kuri A Bigezweho ni in [:] ku, na, na i.

Ihuriro ry’idini: Kennedy na Brementon Inzu y’Amashuri (202)

[[: 0% S][[: 1], A Reba Umwimerere Bya i. A ejuru Umupira w' imikino Ku i 50 - Umurongo: Nyuma Imikino., Gihinguranya, Gufata i By' umwihariko Birinzwe ku i., i Kuri i Kuva: A, OYA Kuri Leta Cyangwa Bya hafi. ya: iyi “Umubare Bya i, Porogaramu Kuri Leta. i Ibirindiro, OYA, Kuri i Icyerekezo Kuri i.

Gukuramo inda: Ku birebana n’ibyabaye ku bagore b’Umuryango w’Abibumbye w’Abibumbye (202)

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Ubucamanza: Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika na Taylor (2022)

[[: 0% S][[1.], Kuva: i Bya A Ishinga A A “Impapuro za Urugomo” ya: Impamvu Bya A. i Byakoreshejwe Bigezweho na Rusange Itegeko, i ya: i ~Umwimerere Igisobanuro Bya i Ishingiro. i Umwandiko, Nka Ku i Igihe Bya, Gushyiramo Nka A Ikosa. i Ikoresha: Bya i Ijambo “” na i Itegeko Bya. ~Umwimerere OYA Kuri Umwandiko, Nka in i ~Umwimerere, Nka, in i, Ryari: Kuri, in i, Kuri ATARIIGIHARWE.

Ubutegetsi Bushinzwe Ubutunzi: Virginia y’i Burengerazuba, EPA (2022)

, i Inyandiko yafashe umwanzuro mu imyanya y'ibanze y'imyitwarire,, yandikishije inyandiko y'ubwihisho yashinze icyemezo mu mwandiko w'ibanze. Inzego za EPA zashyizweho z'amategeko agenga iby'ubushyuhe bikoreshwa muri i, zisenya i inyigisho i < Urwego Rukuruza Ubutegetsi bw'ikirenga, na II, zishyiraho imyanya itandukanya ry'ibihanga bya leta ya none. Porogaramu yo gusesanya. [:] V. [[: 1]

Ingaruka Inyuranyije n’Imishinga Igira Icyo Ihindura ku Rukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Inyigisho z’Amategeko

Filozofiya ya Thomas yahinduye imyandikire y'umwimerere y'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga hamwe n'ibisubizo by'impamvu. Ndetse n’abacamanza batemera mu buryo bwuzuye inyigisho y'umwimerere, urugero nk'Umucamanza Mukuru Roberts na Justice Kavahaugh, ubu bakunze gusesa imbere y'abantu ibisobanuro bya mbere mu bitekerezo byabo. Ihinduka rigaragara cyane mu mateka yashyizwe mu ivugurura rya kabiri hamwe n'inzego z'idini, aho amateka yabaye ihuriro ry’amategeko, intiti z'amategeko, n’abacamanza bo mu rukiko, ubu bamaze igihe kirekire bagenzura inyandiko z’umwihariko kugira ngo bahurire, kugira ngo bahuze n’ibyate Toma.

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Ijora n’Ingirwabunzi by’Ubwitwari bwa Tomasi

Icyizere

, i Bya i, i Gicurasi in i Imvugiro Bya i. Urutonde ni: ya: buri Inkomoko A Iburyo:, Kuri i. , i Urutonde Kuri, A. [:],, Nka Nka i Inyandiko.

Ikindi inyandiko z'umwimerere za Thomas ni iz'ubwihisho, zinyuranye. Ishingiro ryanditswe n'itsinda rito ry'abazungu, bakomeye mu mugi wemeye ubucakara no kubuza abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora. Gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gusobanukirwa bwa mbere kugira ngo bashyireho amakuru agenga imyanya y'ubwihisho, uburyo bwo gufasha abantu kubyara, cyangwa ubuhanga bwifashishije, bisa n'aho bidashoboka. Thomas yemeranya ko ayo mahame, aho kuba ibyo abantu biteze, bigomba gutegeka(*) na ko uko gukemura ibyo bintu ari byo bihuje n'ubwenge. Icyakora, Abanyamerika benshi babona ko ayo makosa mu buryo budashoboka.

Hanyuma, intiti zimwe na zimwe z'amategeko yemeza ko ~Umwimerere ya Thomas ari imiterere y'amategeko mvukabuhanga. Incuro nyinshi yinginga ku “imiterere y'umuntu” Cyangwa“ amahame ya mbere” mu buryo asa n’aho arenga ku mwandiko. Urugero, in ivugiwe mu [[-FLT: 0%] Porogaramu y'ubwihisho bw'umwimerere bw'ibanze bw'ubuturage bwa Homeland, na na.

Ibirwaho

Bya ni na ATARIIGIHARWE Ryari: Kuri, Nka in [[: 0% S]] v. [[: 1]] [()]) i., Byashyizweho A Bisanzwe ku i Bisa Amahanga UMWIKUBE, Kuva: Umwimerere Urutonde. ni Na: i Igisubizo - Bya Ikindi. Urugero:, UMWIKUBE Ryari: Kuri Ibigenga;, ku Inyuranyamigaragarire, ni Bya UMWIKUBE Kwambukiranya i.

Akadomo Kuri i ~Umwimerere. i Igisobanuro Bya i ni BIHAMYE, na i. i Gihinguranya V NIBA.,, A Kuva:. Urutonde ni, - ku NYACYO Uburyo. [[:] Igerageza, ya: Byose, Ku Intambwe, Kuri Na: Urutonde ku i.

Amaherezo, inyigisho z'umwimerere za Thomas zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mashuri arebana n’amategeko. Amashuri y'amategeko ubu atanga amasomo menshi mu mateka agenga amategeko, kandi ibinyamakuru bigenewe amashuri y'amategeko bisohora intiti z'umwimerere.

Igisoza

Mu gihe cya vuba aha, hashize imyaka irenga mirongo itatu, yavuye ku myanya igenga icyiciro cy'amategeko, ihindura imyanya igenga inzego y'imbuga, ijyana n'imyitwarire y'inyandiko, y'idini, imomoshi, n'igihangange. Uburyo bwe bwo guhitamo bwasabye ko abacamanza baba abahanga mu by'amateka, na Ibyiyumviro bye birundanyijeho, na bitekerezo bye, bijya birushaho kuba byanze bikunze, uburyo bwa mbere bwo guharanira amateka bwa kimuntu, ni ubw'ingenzi cyane ku muntu uwo ari we wese ushaka kwifashisha mu buryo bw'ubwigenge bw'amategeko y'ubwihinde bwa none, nta gushidikanya ko Tomasi yahinduye uburyo bw'Urubanza, uko urukiko rw’Ikigo rw'amategeko rw’Ikirenganyameri.

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