Amateka y’Ubutegetsi bw’Ikirenga bw’Amoko n’Ishingiro ry’Ishingiro rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika

Ishingiro rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ryashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1787, ryatumye hashyirwaho gahunda y'ubutegetsi bushya bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ariko ryaretse imyanya y'ishyaka ryihariye. Igihe Isosiyete y'Amateka yahamijwe, abaturage babonaga ko ibihugu by’imvukira bitandukanijwe n'ibihugu, byigenga, ibyo bigengwa n'amategeko bifitanye isano. Uko gusobanukirwa kwa mbere kugaragarira mu mwandiko w'Ishingiro, uvuga ko “Abafilisitiya ba * incuro eshatu, henshi cyane mu + byose mu birebana n'ubutware bwihuriro ry’ibihugu.

[[: 0% S][[: 1] (I, 8, 3) i UMWIKUBE “Na: Mvamahanga, na i, na Na: i.]" in i Nka Mvamahanga na, i Imimerere., iyi ku Bijyanye n' imibanire y'ifasi Na:, A UMWIKUBE Byakoreshejwe Kuri Ihame.

[[: 0% S][[: 1] (, 2, 2) i Kuri Ubwoko Na: “i na Bya i.” Kuri, i KURI Na: Amatsinda. Nka i By' ikirenga Bya i [:]] [[:]] [, 2.] (, Byose i Bya i Bifatanya Bifatanya. iyi Umutekano, i U.

Ku i Bya i Byaremwe A Bya Byuzuye i Urukiko rw'Ikirenga. A Ibyiciro Bya Mbere, John Marshall yafashe A Inyigisho isobanura Amategeko y'ubwihisho y'ubwigenge ya:. [[: 0%][: 1]] v. Mc[[:][:][...] [[...] [... [-... [- - - - - - - - - - - i, i Bya bwite OYA kugura igihugu i Umutwe: Kuri i.

Gahunda z’Icyitegererezo n’I Ingaruka Zabyo ku Butegetsi bw’Igihugu

Imyifatire ya Claus na

i Ikindi, Ryari: amategeko ya Leta agenga ibihugu, iyi ihame ni A na A. Rimwe, i Imigabane irinda imiryango kugera ku matsinda ya leta. , i Imitango irinda amatsinda y' imiryango ku ingorabanwa. indi, Ryari: amategeko ashyamiranya n'ishyaka, amategeko y'Ikijyejuru, Urugero:, i Inkuta z'Ikigo cy'ububiko (1885) zitanga ubutware ku byahagaritswe na leta, ndetse n’igihe abahohohoterwa n'abahohohohohohotewe n'abahaswe bari mu miryango. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwashyigikiye iyi komite y'ihuriro ry'ubwoko. [[FLT:].[2]

Ubucuruzi bwa Claus n’Imbaraga z’Ikoraniro

[[:] Kuri [[:][[:] KURI [:] [[:] [-] [Ingufu] [(-] 5] [, i [,] A, Na: i, Bihoraho Amashami:. na i Kuri i Ibigabanywa Igihe, Bya Bya Bya Hindura Kuri -., i UMWIKUBE, Na: i ~Umwimerere Amahanga.

Amasezerano ya Claus na i Impera Bya Amasezerano - Gukora

Amasezerano yahawe amasezerano ya Claus ibihugu bya mbere, yashoboraga guhindurwa na za Serivisi za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika zihwanye na yo. Icyakora, mu mwaka wa 1871, Konsitantide yashyize umuyoboro w'amategeko yashoje amasezerano yakozwe n'imiryango y'Abahindi. Kuva icyo gihe, amasezerano yashyizwe n'imiryango yashyizweho amategeko cyangwa amategeko y'ubuyobozi, yashoboraga guhindurwa na za Serverizote. Ihinduka ryatumye imyandikire y'amategeko y'ibihugu bifitanye isano na rimwe ryihuriro ryibyemejwe n'ubutegetsi. Nubwo amasezerano agikomeza kuba ingwatemwanya, na inkiko zikomeza kubisobanura mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga: “Marchy Trigol” n’inyuma y’aho

[[:] v. < > < / >[: 1] (1823)

Nk’uko twabibonye, iyo ngingo ni yo yashinze inyigisho y’uko n’ubwo uburenganzira bw’amaturo bwagenzuwe n’ishyaka bwagenzurwaga n’amategeko, nanone yemezaga ko imiryango yari ifite “izina ry’icyubahiro ry’Abaindiyaniya” ryashoboraga gucibwa na leta (ntabwo ari ubutegetsi cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo). Iryo hame ni ryo ryaje kuba urufatiro rw’uburingiro bwa Leta.

[[: 0% S]V.[[:] (1831)

Igihugu cya Cherokee cyashatse itegeko ryo kurwanya Georgia ryabuzanyaga ubutegetsi bw'ubwoko n'ibyafashwe n'ibihugu. Umucamanza mukuru Marshall yategetse ko Ishyanga rya Cherokee atari “igihugu cy’abanyamahanga” kiyobowe n'Iceage III cy'Ishingiro ry'Ishingiro ry'amategeko, ahubwo ko ari“igihugu gifite ububasha bushingiye ku mategeko." Iryo jambo ridasobanutse neza ryiyemereye ko umuryango w'amoko w’akazi wari ugomba kugandurirwa na leta. Nanone Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Kirokekee ntirwashoboraga gusozera igihugu mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga − a.

[[: 0% S]WCURRENT v.[[:] (1)

Mu cyemezo cy'intare, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwashenye amategeko ya Georgia nk'aho ibyita ku butegetsi bw'agace. Marshall yanditse ko “igihugu cya Kerokee ari igihugu gitandukanye n'andi, gifite ifasi yayo, muri yo amategeko ya Georgia adashobora kugira imbaraga.” Umukuru w'igihugu Andrew Jackson yanze mu rwego rwo hejuru gushimangira iyo ngingo, ikaba yaratumye amarira atangira. Icyakora, [[FLT: 0] [[FLT]] aba ari isoko y’ishingiro ry'ubutware bwifati, ishinga ko nta butegetsi bufite ku bw'uburenganzira buke buke buke butanzwe na buke.

[[: 0% S]V.[[: 1] (1886)

Urubanza rwashyigikiye i Nama y'Ikigega, ruha urukiko rwa Leta uburenganzira ku byaha bimwe na bimwe. Urukiko rwashinje irengero iryo rwinjijwe mu kwivanga mu buryo bw'impanuka y'impanuka zatanzwe n'impanuka zikoreshwa n'abarinda inzego z'akazi.

[[: 0% S][-] v. [[: 1] [7]

Muri iki gihe, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Ikirenga rwerekanye ko leta zidashobora kugurisha imisoro y’Abanyamerika badafite uburenganzira, keretse gusa iyo nama yemewe mu buryo bwumvikana neza.

Ivugurura rya 14 n’ishyaka ry’Abanyamerika

in 1868, Kuri “byose Cyangwa in i na Ikivugwaho: Kuri i.” ku i in [[: 0% S][1]] [[[:][[:][1]] [[- 3.] Kuri. Kuri Byose. Kuri. Abantu OYA “kivugwaho Kuri i Bya i"" Kuri. [[1] i Bya [:] [:] [-] [:] [-] Kuri Kuri Kuri Byose. Kuri Byose, Kuri i Abantu Kuri i Bingana, Kuri, na Kuri 1.

Ibyifuzo by’ubutegetsi bw’amoko bihinduka mu buryo bunyuranye.

By'amategeko: Na -

Inyigisho yo Kwiringira

OYA Kurema A, i A Ishinga Kurinda na Ibikorana ku na i Ururimi: in [[: 0% S]] [[[: 1] na Ikindi. [[:] [] na Ikindi. [] [- na Bya [[:] [[:] [[A] Itegeko Kuri Igenzura Bya Porogaramu, i Kuri ATARIIGIHARWE.] nka [:] v [:] [:]

Imbaraga za leta hamwe n’amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’ikinyagihugu y’u Buhindi

Mu mwaka wa 1968, Inama Nshingano yashyiriyeho Amategeko y'Icrasty des contions zo mu Buhindi, yashyize hafi ya byose mu mategeko y' uburenganzira bw'ubwenegihugu bw'ubwoko. Iyo yari indi mishinga y'amategeko yashyizweho n'amategeko. (Ikontwaro y'Amateka yakoreshaga shingiro ry'amategeko ya Leta). Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko ubutabera bw'ubwoko bwa gihanga bufite uburenganzira bwo kurinda uburenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye. Icyakora, ICRAS ntiyakubiyemo amategeko yose agenga uburenganzira bwo gutanga inama mu nkiko z'amoko mu gihe cy'iciro cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’a hamwe.

Ibibazo by’Amategeko yo mu Gihe Cyacu

Uburenganzira bw’igihugu n’Inyigisho y’Ibyavumbuwe

Ecyijishiwe:, in - By'amategeko, ku Bijyanye n' ifaranga Bitsindiye in U.. Amabwiriza Gihinguranya [[: 0% S] v. Mc[:1]. Gukomeza Kuri ya: Bya ~Umwimerere Imitwe, Gihinguranya - Cyangwa Umuyobozi Ibikorwa. Nka [[:] [:] [:] '. [[:] v. [[:] '/] [:] [:] [:] [:] [:] i Igisobanuro Bya i.

Ivugurura

Na ku ni a Urubuga Bya Leta Na Bya [[[1. 1.] KURI - Bya Imbaraga, a Bituzuye Bya i Bivuye [[:]] V. [Bya] Icyiciro Kuri a Bya i, Nka, ku i,

Iby’Ibyaduka n’Ibyaremwe

Bya Igenzura KURI Ibikorana. [[0] Nka A [[: 1] Porogaramu Kuri Gushyiraho Amazi Ubwiza i, Na: Leta na. [[:] [:] [] [] v [[:]. [[: 4.] [-], i Kuri KURI - Bituzuye [- Bituzuye]. Kuri Kurinda, na, Na: [:]

Ibibazo by’ingenzi bihereranye n’ubutegetsi bw’imvukira muri iki gihe

  • [[: 0% S] Bya:[[: 1] Kuva: Imishinga, Ibikorana:, na Leta. [[: 2.] [[[: 3.]] Bigyanye Gutangiza.
  • [[:] Bya in:[[:] Bya [[2] A ITSINDA RY'IMIBARE C Bya, na Gihinguranya i [:]
  • [[: 0% S] KURI na:[[: 1] KURI - in, Kurema Amacapa:. [[:]] Cyagutse KURI - ya: Imbaraga,.
  • [[: 0% S] KURI Ibikorana na:[[[1]] Cyangwa KURI Ibikorana muri, ku Nka.
  • [[:] na:[[:1] Bya Kuri ku - ku ni ku Nka [[: 2.]. v. [[:]] [[:]]. i [[: 4.], [Ayari.]

Dushake Amateka: Ivugurura ry’Ishingiro n’Imishinga y’Amoko

Amahanga na Ibice i Kuri Kurinda Isoko ry' agace. Gushyiramo A Kuri ku, Cyangwa A Amategeko i Nka A Ibyafataranyijwe. [[: 0% S] Bya [[: 1]] ku, na Kuri Igerageza i Bya UMWIKUBE.

na, i Ishingiro Bya ni. Byombi i ya: na i Inyandiko z'amategeko ya:. Kuri < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < Urwego:" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < = < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < =-" > < = = = = = = = = > < > < > < >

Ibikorana ya: Gushyiramo i [[: 0][1] Bya [[[:][[:]], i [[[: 3][[[:]][[:]]] Bya [[:][[[:]][[:]] [[:][:][[:]]. Bya Bya ki/ bishaje [[:], na Kuva: i [[1] [:][:][:][: /: 9][: /Inyandiko ry'ubwihariwe] [Inyabuhanga [inyandiko n'inyandiko- rugero hagati i Ikiganiro.