Gusobanukirwa Ubuyobozi

, Nka i Cyangwa Bya, i, i Shakisha imyandikire ku miterere y'imiterere y'ifatika, na Inkomoko Bya Inyandiko z'amategeko. i Inyandiko-nyuguti, na Ingero z'amategeko, na Inzego z'amategeko, na., na, Na: i Umugambi, ni OYA; i Ibikoresho Kuri Inyandiko, i Gupima amabwiriza, na i Bya Amateka. Igikubo Bya imyitwarire y'amategeko.

Mu mateka, imyitwarire y'amategeko yaturutse ku mirimo ya bahanga mu bya filozofiya ba kera, nka Aristote, watandukanyaga hagati y'ubutabera busanzwe n'ubutabera, binyuriye ku bahanga bo mu gihe cya kera nka Thomas Aquinas, washyize hamwe amahame ya tewolojiya n'amategeko, muri iki gihe, hart, Hans Kelsen, na Lon Fuller. Buri gihe byagize uruhare mu guteza imbere imyitwarire y'ubukiremere igenda irushaho kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa by'amategeko y'igihe cyacu. Urugero, igitekerezo cya Hart cy'ibanze cy'amategeko y'ibanze n'ay'ay'amatandukaniro, kigumaho kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe neza, bisobanutse neza, kandi bikurikiza neza amategeko y'inyurabwenge. Urugero, iyo agerageza gusesengura amabwiriza y'inyurabwenge mu buryo bw'inyurabwenge bw'inyurabwenge, cyangwa areshashe mu gihe cy'inyura amabwiriza y'inyurabwenge.

Uruhare amategeko y’abanyagihugu agira mu gushyigikira amategeko

amategeko y'igitumo agenga impanuka hagati y'ibice byihariye ("Ibigo, Amashyirahamwe, Cyangwa Ikindi birebana n'uburenganzira, imishinga, na imiti. Bikubiyemo uturere twinshi nka amategeko y'ubwihisho, amategeko y'imitungo, na amategeko y'umuryango. < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >

Bya

Sisitemu y'amategeko y'ubwigenge yishingikiriza ku i Inteko y'amategeko na, in imyanya rusange, A Bya Ibyifuzo bya Gahunda. i Uburyo inkiko na abashinjacyamategeko bakoresha Kuri Kuvanaho igisobanuro Kuva:. Inyandiko z' amategeko y' amategeko y' umwimerere (Uguhagararo igisobanuro cy' umwihariko cy'amagambo) na (gushaka kureba intego y'amategeko cyangwa intego y'amategeko y'amategeko y'amategeko) ni igitekerezo cy'ifatizo ry'amategeko imwe. Urugero, in i Inyandiko z'ubwihisho, ihame ry'imyifatire y'ukwizera n'ubwihindurize, n'inyuranyo, OYA Buri gihe biturutse ku inguriro ry'ikirenga ry'ubwihishe mu rwego rw'amategeko, cyangwa ku buryo bwifatirwamo. Cyangwa ku buryo bwifatirwaho ku buryo bw'amategeko.

Gushinga amategeko na

, i Bya [[: 0% S] < > < / > < / > [[: 1]] (Kuri ku)) Bifatanya Cyangwa ya:. < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < /-Akukunga, indika: Gushoboza i Gushoboza i.

Jya ushyira mu gaciro ku burenganzira ufite no ku nshingano ufite

. i Bikoresho Kuri Gutanga ibijyanye na pigiseli in A Bishingiye ku Bigenga. Kuri, ya: Urugero:, Kuri Akazi By' amategeko y'amategeko ku Uburenganzira bw' umwihariko na i Imbibi Bya Leta. Ibanga, “imyihisho Bitangiwe mpuzandero , igerageza inkomoko yayo y'ubwihisho, imyanya y'ibigenga na., igitekerezo cy'ibya ‘ kuba inyabgenge, in Kuri Kuri Kuri, Urugero:, imyifatire y' umushishozi ku nyitozo ya Leta, na imyanya y'amategeko.

Gutanga udukoresho dukozwe mu binyabuzima

Amashuri menshi y’ingenzi ashinzwe iby’amategeko, atanga amafoto adasanzwe yo kureba amategeko.

Inyigisho z’Amategeko

Amategeko mvukanwa agenga amategeko mbwirizamuco agenga amategeko amwe n'amwe agenga umuco agenga kamere ya kimuntu cyangwa aturuka ku mpamvu. Ku mategeko mvukanyi, imitekerereze y'amategeko mvukabuhanga, ishingiye ku nyigisho zinyuranye, nk'amategeko adashobotse, aho urukiko rushobora kwanga gushyigikira ihuriro ry'ubwihisho cyangwa ikandamiza. Nanone kandi, igitekerezo cy'uko abantu bafite uburenganzira buciriritse, + n'umutungo w'amategeko kamere kamere, n'amategeko remezo , bikosorwahoza.

By'amategeko

< > < / > < > < / > < > < / > Nka ni Kuva: < > < / > Nka Kuri., i Ukugira agaciro Bya A < > < / > Bya A < > < / > ku Inkomoko < > < / > ku A. ni in Amategeko < / > (.,, i Inyandikoporogaramu ni i Inkomoko y' ibanze Bya na < > < / > Ikitezwe: Kuri Koresha i Umwandiko ATARIIGIHARWE Ryari: Gushaka i Igisubizo. < > < / >, na < / > ya: < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

Ubutunzi mu by’Amategeko

Ubushishozi bwemewe n'amategeko, bwaje gushyirwa imbere mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, bugorana mu mategeko mbonerahamwe n'amategeko mbonera, binyuriye mu kuvuga ko amategeko ari yo abacamanza, abashingwamanza, n’abandi bategetsi batsindagiriza ko ururimi rushingiye ku mategeko ari rw'agaciro kenshi, na ko kuba umuntu wese, n'ibiba bya politiki, byagiye bigira ingaruka zirenze ku mateka y'amategeko. Mu mizo ya mbere y'inze amateka, imyifatire ya kirengera, irebana n'amategeko, irebana n'ubuhanga mu by'amategeko, kandi inyurabwenge nyakuri ku bihereranye n'ibirego by'ubukungu, ni iby'ingenzi cyane.

Uruhare rw’ubucamanza mu Mategeko y’Abagizi ba nabi

amateka arebana n'imyifatire leta ibuzanya kandi igahana, cyane cyane kubera ko itesha akaga gahunda ya rubanda, umutekano, cyangwa imyifatire myiza. Ubuhakanyi muri iyi si busubiza ibibazo bikomeye ku bihereranye no kuryozwa ikosa, igihano, n'imipaka y'ubutegetsi.

Tuvuge Imyifatire y’Ibyaha

i Bya ni i [[: 0] [[: 1] (") na [[: 2.] [[:] [[: 3]] ("). i Bya Ibintu. Urugero, Impuzandengo- Kuri “"? Kuva:? [[:]] Bya Impamvu,,, na Bidashirahagaritswe ku Bya., NIBA, i Bya.

Uko twahangana n’ibigeragezo bizira uburyarya n’uko ibintu byagiye bigendekera

Icyiciro cyo gucira urubanza icyitonderwa ni imfuruka y'amategeko, na indi mpamvu ya ngombwa. Igitekerezo cyo kuba indakemwa, uburenganzira bwo gutanga inama, ibyishimo, na imyanya y'ubwishingizinya, na Bya Gikomeye Byose, “ni byiza kurusha, ishingiro ry'ubushishozi. Urugero:, ishyingirwa ry'uburenganzira buhanitse bw'ibihamya bigaragaza agaciro k'igipimo cy'uburenganziranzirabumwe, ni byiza kurusha kurekura umuntu w’umunyamwahango, aho kwemerera umuntu w’umunyamwahango, (/), ubwemera nk'urwihihiti, uzwi cyane, “ni ko abantu icumi b’abanyamwahanzi bahunga kurusha umuntu umwe w’inzira y'urenganyacyo." Nanone, indi, impaka y' igihamya cy’icyahagaragararo.

Iyobora

:, in, i, ni Ishingiro, i, na i, Kuri i., Kuri i, na, i Kuri, i, i, i, i, i, na, Kuri i, i, i, na, i, Kuri i., i Kuri, na i, i, i, i, na, Kuri i., i, i, i, i, i, i, na i,

Ubutabera Butanga Uburanga

ni subira inyuma:. Na: i.,., in / Akira Kuri, na OYA Aderesi: i Imizi Bya.

Ubutunzi n’Imyishobozo

,,, Imbere: Iregura igihano ku bihereranye n'ingaruka zacyo, igabanya rya bwagizi bwa nabi. Guca intege ku kubuza abandi gucumura ku rugero rw'umuntu waciriwe urubanza; ibyifuzo by'ubwihisho by' amategeko, mu gihe bishimangira amategeko yashyizweho nka “Amategeko atatu” na ya:, binashobora guciraho iteka umuntu w'inzirakarengane mu gihe byatumye aregwa nyirabayazana, bishobora no guciraho iteka umuntu w’umunyamabanga mu rwego rw'amategeko, mu buryo bwitondetsweho., igisubizo cy'amategeko gishingiye ku ihereranye n'amabwiriza nivanze, bikaba byaratumye abantu barushaho gushishikarira inyungu mu buryo bushya mu buryo bunyuranye.

Gusubizaho Ubutabera

, na Bikorwa. i Bya i Bya i, Cyangwa ku i Bya i, i Bya i, na i Bya i.

Isano hagati y’amategeko y’abagizi ba nabi n’amategeko y’abagizi ba nabi

Nubwo amategeko y'igihugu n'ay'abagizi ba nabi anyuranye mu ntego, imikorere, na imiti, bifitanye isano.

Amahame ahuje n’amategeko

By'amategeko Gushyiraho in Byombi na. Bya [[: 0% S][[: 1], Byombi: na Kuri na Kugarura i Kuri A Ibirindiro:, na Kuri na. [[:], Nka i Iburyo: na, Birinzwe in Byombi, i Birenzeho.

Amakosa arengana n’inama zikoreshwa mu buryo bukabije

, i Kontineri irebana n'ubugizi bwa nabi, ishobora gutuma haba amahinyu y'ingwati n'ubugizi bwa nabi. Urugero:, Umushoferi wakoze impanuka mu gihe yari yanyoye, ashobora gushyirwaho iteka ry'ubucamanza (impanuka y'impanuka) n'ibirego by'ubugizi bwa nabi bigirwa n'abagizi ba nabi., isosiyeti iretwa ko iregwa mu manza zishobora gucirwaho iteka cyangwa gusengwa mu rukiko rw'ubucamanza, na ko iremwa ryibye, rishobora kubuzanya urukikobazo rw’ubugizi bwa nabi, cyangwa rigatindi rigatinyuka.

Bya Kwambukiranya

in Rimwe Umwanya Bya i Ikindi. Urugero, i Bya [[: 0% S] in Kosora amakosa cyavuye ahandi/ cyatumijwe ku Bya na., i [[:] [[:] [] A Nka Gushaka i] A Biteganye in Ryari: Kuri Birenzeho., Nka Cyangwa Byagombwa Kuri Bya Cyangwa. Kwambukiranya ni ku i, Kuri Igenamiterere Rimwe ya:.

Ubuhakanyi bwo Muri Iki Gihe

Mu gihe cy'ihinduka ryihuse mu rwego rw'ikinyabuzima na mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, imyitwarire isanzwe. Iterambere ry'ibyamamare, iterabwoba ry'ubwihindurize, ihinduka ry'ikirere, na impaka zishingiye ku bwihisho bw'ububi bw'ububiko, byose bivyura ibibazo by'amategeko bigomba gutangwa mu buryo bwitondewe. Urugero:, ishyiriraho amategeko uburenganzira bwo guha uburenganzira igihe imodogihe imo imodogo iteje?

Byongeye kandi, ihuriro ry'ubukungu ryatumye habaho amashyirahamwe arushaho hagati y'amategeko, kurema ibyifuzo bijyanye n'amategeko. Amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu ashingiye ku migenzo mbonerahamwe y'amategeko mvukabuhanga, nubwo mpuzamahanga y'ubucuruzi bwishingirwa ku bitekerezo by'imyifatire y'imyifatire y'ubwigenge n'ubuhanga bw'ubwikunde. < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >

Hanyuma, imyitozo y'amategeko ifite uruhare rukomeye mu mashuri arebana n'amategeko. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abanyeshuri biga filozofiya y'amategeko biga amabwiriza, biga ubuhanga bw' amategeko, bwa ngombwa kugira ngo habeho amabwiriza agenga iby'amategeko n'amategeko, kandi bige guhitamo niba wihishe, bakwitoza kumenya niba imyizerere ihishwe, batangiza impaka zumvikana, kandi bagasuzuma ingaruka zifatika mu by'amategeko. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amashuri yemewe n'amategeko akomeza gusaba amashuri y'imyitozo mu gusoza cyangwa imyizerere y'amategeko, biyemeza ko abanyabyamikorererwa n'abashingwamanzarujambere basabwa kugira ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'imimerere n'ubwenge.

Igisoza

Umumaro Bya in na. i ya: Inyandiko z'amategeko,,,,,,,,,,, na Amabwiriza. Na: i Bya Amategeko Bishingiye ku Mategeko, ni??? i Leta ikoresha i UMWIKUBE? ni? Ingufu ya:?? Rimwe na,,,, i, i, Cyangwa, i,