Imishyikirano Ihoraho Iri hagati y’Ibirwanisho Bishinzwe Imirimo Birinda Amazamba n’Ubutegetsi Butazimbuye

Irinda ry'ibinyamushoferi ni imfuruka y'ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi. ni uburyo bw'ihinangwa bwo guhishura umwanda, porotesi, guhoteranya, no guhotera mu rwego rwa leta. Iyo abantu bumva bafite umutekano wo gutanga raporo y'imyifatire mibi, ubutegetsi burushaho kugaragara, kuba ubufite imyizerere, na kwiringirwa. iyi ngingo igenzura imiterere yagutse y'uburinzi bwa leta ku ibonerana, inkomoko zabo z'amateka kugeza ku impagararira zabo za none zikoreshwa n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo mu gihe kizaza.

Ni iki Abavugi b’Amavuvu barinda?

Ibibibi by'ububiko ni inzego zemewe n'amategeko zigenewe kurinda abantu bahishura ibikorwa binyuranyije n'amategeko cyangwa bidakwiriye, . Mu mimerere ya leta, ibyo bintu ni ngombwa kubera ko bituma abakozi bashobora gutanga raporo y’ibikorwa bibi batatinya ko bizatakaza akazi, ko babuzwa amahwemo, cyangwa ko babanga gukorerwa ibikorwa.

Shingiro Bya Bya i Kubika Ibikorwa : - Nka,, Cyangwa Kugabanya (... Urwego rwo hejuru Gushyiramo ya:,,, na., i Bya i Ihoraho, i Bihera, Kuri Birahishe.

Bya

  • [[: 0% S]:[[:], Ibanga, na Umutekano Kuri Idosiye Raporo, Nka Cyangwa kiri kuri interineti.
  • [[: 0% S]-:[[: 1] na ya: Kuri NIBA.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[:] Porogaramu Bijyanye n'umutungo ya: Nyobora Kuri, Nka in i -.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[[:]1] Kuri By'amategeko Cyangwa Kuri Kubuganya ITSINDA RY' IMIBARE C.

Inyigisho y’Amateka y’Ubwihindurize n’Amategeko y’Icyitegererezo

Urugendo rw’inzozi zirinda abavuza amasangu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika rurangwa n’amategeko akomeye yagiye arushaho kwaguka, agatuma abantu barushaho kurinda abantu.

Umushinga wo mu mwaka wa 1989 w’inyanja ushinzwe kurinda indwara

Icyo ni igihe cyo gusesagura ku bakozi ba Leta. Byashyizeho indi gahunda y'amategeko igaragara ibuzanya kwihora umukozi uwo ari we wese wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika uhishura amakuru, yemera mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ko ari ukurenga ku mategeko, amategeko cyangwa amategeko; gukoresha nabi amafaranga; gukoresha nabi ubutware; cyangwa akaga gakomeye kandi kagaragara konona ubuzima bwa rubanda cyangwa umutekano. Nanone igikorwa cyatumye ibiro by'abajyanama (OSC) bitangira gukora iperereza ryihariye no gucunga abakozi.

Bya

, () yashyizwe mu itsiko ry'ibibi ku ntera za Entron na, Sarbanes - () yashyiriyeho abakozi bo mu isoko ryikoreramo ubucuruzi. Ku butegetsi bw'Ikigo, itangwa ryacyo ryashyizweho ibihano by'ubwihisho by'ubwihisho bikoreshwa mu ruhame, bitsindagiriza ihame rya gisesenguriro rya gituro.

Ivugurura ryakozwe ku muhanda wa Wall Street na Act ya 2010

- Byaremwe A Porogaramu muri i na (). ~Umwimerere Ibisobanuro: Nyobora Kuri A Byakunze Igikorwa Na: KURI $1% na% Bya i. Bijyanye n'umutungo i Umubare na Ubwiza Bya Inyobora BYAKIRIWE ku i, kuyobora Kuri Ibikorwa ya:,,, na Ikindi. Porogaramu, A Bya Igikorwa in i Ububiko.

Andi mategeko n’ubuhakanyi bishishikaje

  • [[: 0% S] Bya[[: 1] Byaremwe Abacungamari Ababitswe in, A Ibanga ya: na.
  • [[: 0% S] By' umwihariko Kuri ku Bya i ya:, Na: Kuri A Gusangiza Bya i.
  • [[: 0% S] ()[: 1] Abahanzi Bya i Kuva: ya:.

Inyungu Zibonerwa mu Mategeko y’Amahanga Afite Ingufu Zigamije Gufasha Kureba Ibintu

Iyo abavuza amasaku bakomeje kurinda abantu kandi bakabikoresha neza, bagera ku nyungu zifatika zituruka kuri leta no ku muryango w’abantu.

Gutera inkunga abantu bababwira ko ari abanyamuco

Ingufu zigaragara ni ukwiyongera in byavuzwe. A 2021 ku i Byabitswe Byabonetse ko abakozi ba Leta bafite ubumenyi ku byaha, barushaho kubyemeza mu gihe bizera ko uburinzi ari ingirakamaro.

Gutanga Umubaro ku Bihereranye n’Imibereho

Imbarutso,, na Ibikorwa. Urugero:, Raporo Kuri i Bya Kuri i KURI [[:]] Kuri [[:] [:] Kuri Guhindura... Amagenamiterere,, na.

Tugaragariza abantu bose ko tubizigira

ni i Bya public. ni na - - < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >

Ibibazo bihora bivuka

Nubwo ibyo bitabo bifite agaciro, ibisigazwa by’amasase bikomeza kurinda abantu mu buryo bukomeye.

Gutinya ko hari uwabasubiza

Inzitizi ziteye ubwoba ni izi: Abavunjanyi bashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga ko kwirukana akazi, kwigomeka mu rwego rw'imyitwarire, na ndetse no kugabwaho akaga. Iperereza ryakozwe n'ikigo cya Ethic Resource Center ryavumbuye ko hafi 63% y'abakozi biboneye ubwiyandarike, batinya kwihorera byavuzwe ko ari yo mpamvu y'ibanze. Ndetse n'igihe uburinzi buhari, uburyo bwo kugaragaza ko kwihorera bushobora kuba burembeje, butwara amafaranga menshi, na mu byitwara, na mu byiyumvo.

Kutamenya no kudatanga amashuri

Raporo yatanzwe n'urwego rwa OSC, yavuze ko abakozi benshi ba leta bakomeza kwishingikiriza ku miyoboro itagengwa n’amategeko. Nubwo hatari amashuri menshi, abakeneye kwirindwa mu buryo bwihuse ntibashobora kubibona.

Impano zihagije n’impano zidakomeye

. A Icyabitswe Bya Inyuma Cyangwa Kuri. ya: na Buhoro Kuri., i Bihari Kuri < > < / > < > < / >, Inyuma, na < > < / > Kuri i. ya:,.

Ibyashyizwe ku kimenyetso gigenga gahunda

Amateka atanga ingero zishishikaje z'ukuntu abavuzi bavumbura uburebure.

Impapuro zitwa Pentagon (1971)

, A, i, Bigyanye i. i [[: 0% S] Iburyo: Kuri Tangaza i Inyandiko, na i Kuri i Impera Bya i Porogaramu- shoboza na i. i, Kuri. Ibikorwa Na: i na i Bya.

Enron na Sherron Watkins (2001)

,, Yoherejwe: A Igikorwa Kuri Iburira Bya. By' imbere Rimwe Bya i Kinini in Urutonde, Iyobora Kuri i Ugusenyuka Bya na i Irengayobora Bya i Sarbanes -. Inshingano, na. i ya: Gyayo i na i Bya By' imbere.

Na Nadia (2013)

, A, Inyandiko, Byambuwe Porogaramu zikoreshwa na i. Ibyahishuwe ku Ibanga, Umutekano, na Leta. in in, Ibikorwa bye byasunitsweho i Byapanzwe mu mwaka wa 2015, i Kinini Bya Telefone. i i Umutekano n'Ibonerana, na Ibirindiro Bya Abakoresha mu rwego rw'ibyago by'inyago.

Porogaramu yo kugenzura amato y’inyanja yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (2014)

Raporo ze zatumye hakorwa ubushakashatsi bwitondewe mu mato, zigakora isuku, kandi zigahindura amabwiriza ya gisirikare arebana no gukemura impanuka kamere z’ibidukikije. Ibyo byagaragaje ko abavugishaga amasaku bashobora gutuma habaho iterambere ndetse no mu nzego zihamye cyane.

Uruhare ikoranabuhanga rigira mu gupfuka

Ikoranabuhanga ryo muri iki gihe ryatumye abavuza amasase barushaho guhuha, kandi rituma habaho indi mihindagurikire.

Imico y'ishyikirano irinzwe

nka, - Imeli, na Gitekaanye: Idosiye Ibikoresho Kuri Icyegeranyo Bitazwi nyirabyo. Nka Emera Ibitangazamakuru Kuri Akira Inyandiko na Inyobora Na: & Y' imibare. Koresha Bya Bishunzwe: na Byagenzuwe ya: Kuri Raporo Cyangwa Kugaragaza.

Imiyoboro y’ibinyamakuru irushaho kuba myiza

ku,, Cyangwa Ikindi,, ku Kuri. #, ya: Urugero:, in ku Abafatanyi bo mu rwego rw' imyitwarire na Ibikorwa., Ibitangazamakuru Kuri,, na.

Ibibazo by'umutekano

Bya Gukoporora,, Cyangwa Ibyatanzwe ku Mukoresha., Kwinjira, na Imeli in. Kuri & Bijyanye n' imibare Kugaragaza., Umutekano. nka i ya: Gitekaanye: ([[:]]]]).

Uko Amafarashi Mpuzamahanga Abona Ibintu

Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika si zo zonyine zihanganye n’ibyo bibazo.

Abagaragu ba leta bo muri Kanada barinda abantu

in, iyi Itegeko Bya i Kuri na Kuri. Sisitemu A Inshingano Kuri, ya: Buhoro na., 27% Bya ([[:]]]]: Bya i Bya [[: 1]]).

Igikorwa cy’Urukiko rw’Ubwami Rwagenewe Abantu Bose

, Birinzwe Abakora mu gihe cy' amakuru agenewe. A Urutonde Bya,, Bya, na Kuri Ubuzima na Umutekano., A Umubiri na OYA Kuri Kurema By' imbere. Raporo Inyuma Bya i Kuri i ejuru Umurongo ya: ([[:]]]] [[:]]).

Biyobora Ikinyaburayi

Bya 2019, i Ibice Byose Bya i, Kuri A urwego rwo hejuru Bya, By' imbere na external, ibuzanya ry' ukwihorera, na Nka.; nka na Ibindi: A ya: Bya kirurutse,.

Amabwiriza yo mu gihe kizaza arebana n’uburinzi bukomeza

Kugira kinini Ibonerana, Irinda. Gufunga i Umwanya hagati na.

Twagure amashuri kandi dutoze

Ibigo bya leta bigomba guha imyitozo buri mwaka ku birebana n'uburenganzira bw'abakoresha n'ibikorwa.

Imirimo y’amategeko

Ihuzagihe i Kuri Gufunga Bya, Nka Itegeko., i Kuri na i public Ryari: By' imbere Byanze Cyangwa. . . - Nka na

a Gishya

Ubu, ubucungamyi ni ukwigabanya hagati y'ibigo byinshi. Ibiro by'ubwigenge, bigenga byagenewe kwakira raporo, gushakisha uko bihora, na gushyigikira abavumbura ingufu. Ubuyobozi bushobora kuba bufite ububasha bwa popena, agatsiko k'amategeko kihariye, na amafaranga akoreshwa mu gushigikira abavuzi ba radiyo binyuriye mu gusesa.

Umuco wo Kubonerana

, ihinduka mu by'amategeko, ni. Abayobozi b'inzego bagomba gushyigikira abavumbura, kwishimagiza ibintu biyobora ku bigezweho, na abayobozi b'imyitwarire bihora. Ibyo bisaba ko bandikirana amakete adahindagurika, bishimagijwe n'imikorere y' imikorere ihame iha agaciro.

Igisoza

OYA By'amategeko; Ibikoresho ya: Gufungura na. i Kuri Bya - & Umunsi Raporo Bya public, Ibyifuzo Biguma Birahishe. $(- Gutinya, na) i Inzira Imbere ni Gusiba. in,, na Guhindura..., i UMWIKUBE Bya Kuri Ibonerana., Byongera i:, Oya, i public.