Intangiriro

Ibyiciro Bya Bya, Gutegeka Byose Ikindi Kuri i na i Abantu. Nyuma y' ibinyejana bibiri, i Impera Bya Amatsinda Gukomeza. . - na.

Dusobanukirwe igitekerezo cy’ubuhinduzi

Inkomoko y’ibyabaye n’imyifatire y’ibimera

Inyigisho y'umwimerere yabonetse nk'inyandiko idasanzwe y'isobanura mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, mu buryo bwihariye, bitewe n'imyifatire ya Kwinjiza porogaramu ya Warren na Burger Courts. Igihamya gishingiye ku ishingiro cy'Ishingiro ni cyo gihagararo gihagaritswe ku buryo gifite iremerwaho iyo gitekerezo igihe buri shingiro ryemekwagaho. Abahanzi ba mbere, nka Edwin Meese III na Umucamanza Robert Bork, bavuze ko ibisobanuro bifatiweho bifatisha mu manza, aho kuba amateka. Umutahisi w'amategeko Antonin Scalia yabaye itsinda ry'ibangamira ko ari i Inyandiko nzima ariko ifatanyirizanyanyamwandiko ryemewe n'amategeko.

Icyo bisobanura mu buryo bw’umwimerere

Kigabanyika Kabiri. Itangira, [[: 0% S] ~Umwimerere [[: 1]], Kuri i Bya i na. Impugukirwa iyi Ryari: i Icyabitswe ni Cyangwa. ISEGONDA, [[:] ~Umwimerere] public Igisobanuro [[:]], A Ku i Igihe i Umwandiko Kuri Impuzandengo. [:] na: [:] na [:]

Ingaruka Zigera ku Rukiko rw’Iki gihe

Ubuhanga bwavuye ku mpapuro zikurikira, bujya ku gitsindisho gikuru cy'igitekerezo cyo mu Rukiko rw'Ikirenga. Ubucamanza Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gormoth, Brett Kavaugh, na Amy Coney Barrett, bose bavuga ko ari abahanga mu buryo runaka. Ibitekerezo byabo buri gihe byumvikanisha ibisobanuro by'umwimerere by'ibanze by'intego y'amategeko y'igitugu. Ingaruka zigaragara hirya no hino ku mirima: imikorere y'ubugizi bwa nabi, imvugo y’ubwikunde, gutandukanya ubutegetsi, na Inze y'Ikirere.

Gusobanukirwa Gahunda y'Ikigo

Amateka y’ibintu byabayeho kera

ni OYA A; ni A. Bishyizwe hagati ku Kuri Gutangiza Leta. OYA Kuri i ku i, Kuri i, Cyangwa Kuri i Abantu., [[:] [- v.[: 1],, Leta Kuva: na, hagati Bya Leta na Bya.

Dual Fédélisme na Frovinity

Urugero Bya [[0] i Bya i Kuri Leta UMWIKUBE. cy/ byagarajwe a Gusunika Kuri [[[:]] [5], i Na Akazi Kuri Porogaramu, Na: na. nka [:] v [:]

Ivugurura ry’Inzego z’Isi Muri Iki Gihe

[[: 0% S] v. [[:] [1] ku, i Ukwihuza Kuri Leta Mbere Gicurasi - Ibijyanye n' imitungo Umurimo. [[[:]] v. [[:]] [:] [1997]], i Hasi A Leta Abakoresha, i < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > [:] Inzego y' ibijyanye n' imitungo. [:] [:] [/] [[: 5] i na i, i < / >. [-]

Aho Ishyirahamwe ry’Abahanga n’Iby’Ubuvandimwe

Umwandiko, gahunda n’icyo ibisobanuro by’umwimerere bisobanura

na Bijyanye n' imishinga ijyaniranya ku i Umwandiko na Imiterere. Uburyo bwa gihangange: Kuri i Igisobanuro Bya i Umwandiko Nka Ryari:. Kuva: Umwandiko: I, i, i, na i ku mpande 1 shingiro ku. Bya i, ya: Urugero:, in i, in 1787,,,, Cyangwa Ibikorwa Bya hafi. OYA., ~Umwimerere Abacamanza, bandika ko i, Ryari: Umurimo wo mu karere.

Amahame y’ingenzi afitanye isano n’ayo mabwiriza yombi

[[:] buri Gushaka Gushigikira in a UMWIKUBE. [[2] - Kuva: [[[: 3.] Kuva: Leta Cyangwa Kuri Porogaramu. [[: 4.] Kuva: By' umwihariko in a Byemewe. [[:] ni Ryari: i OYA i Umwanya Bya in A Umwimerere Bya in i Bya IMYAKA.

Ku i

[[: 0% S]UNIX- NTA HITAMO. v[:]

Urubanza rwajemo itegeko rya Leta ryatumye biba icyaha kugira imbunda hafi y'ishuri. Leta yahakanye ko kuba imbunda zifite mu matsinda y'amashuri yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku majyaruguru y'ubucuruzi, biyongera ku nyungu z'amashuri no kugabanya amafaranga y'amashuri. Urukiko, mu cyemezo cyafashe, rwanze iyo nama. Umucamanza mukuru Rehnquist yatsindagirije ko igitekerezo cy'uko amategeko mbonezamurongo ari yo agabanyijemo ubutegetsi bufite imipaka na ko umurimo utagira gihagararo n'impagararo. Igitekerezo cyishingiro y'amajyaruguruzo mu by'ubucuruzi, cyishingirwaho, kandi kidakoreshwa mu buryo buhanitse, n'itsinda ry'ubutegetsi bwa none. [[FLT:] ni cyo cyabaye cya mbere kuva aho icyo gihe cyihuriweho, cya Clauk) n'ikizo cy'ikinyuza.

[[: 0% S]Itandukanya v. [[: 1] (1997)

[[: 0% S][[: 1], i i Bya ngombwa Leta na Bya hafi Kuri Mbuganyuma ku. Gutegeka/ by' amategeko: Bigenga Konsitanti Nka A Bya. i “Gutegeka" Leta Kuri Porogaramu. ~Umwimerere: i Imiterere, Nka Ku, OYA. na i. [:] [:]

[[: 0% S]Federation Bya v.[:] () (202)

Urubanza rwashidikanyijweho itegeko ryatanzwe na buri wese ku giti cye ryasabaga Abanyamerika benshi kugura ubwishingizi bw'ubufasha bw'ubukungu. Ubutegetsi bw'Ikigo cya Leta cyavuze ko itegeko ryashyizweho ari ikoreshwa ryemewe ry'ubucuruzi mu rwego rwa mbere. Umwanzuro w'amateka w'ubwishingizi wafashe wo kudagura ubwishingizi bwa Claus na hagati y'ibikorwa by'ubukorishore. Umwanzuro w'Umucamanza mukuru Roberts wanze icyo gitekerezo, wunze ko Umucuruzi utanga ububasha bwo gutegeka ubucuruzi buhariho uburingiro nyakuri, ntugomba guhatira abantu kwinjira mu rwego rw'igihugu, kandi ko budashobora kwagura ubutware bwabwo, bitewe n'ikibazo cy'igihugu.

[[: 0% S]- v.[: 1] (208)

[[: 0% S][[: 1] Hasi i na (), Kuva: Itangaruhushya. [:] na [:] na [:]. [/] v. [: 5]. in Byombi Umwandiko na Umwimerere: i Inyandikoporogaramu, na Inzego Bya Leta ni OYA.

[[: 0% S] Rifle & psolv.[[:] [22]

OYA A in i, [[: 1]] Byanze i Ntoya, ku A na Leta. Hasi -, i Leta OYA “ku i. [:]

Imyifatire y’umwimerere, Ishyirahamwe n’Ibihe by’Imibare

Kwita ku buzima bwawe

A. [[: 0% S] ku.[: 1], Byakoreshejwe Kuri, na Na:. Inkoresha: Gukomeza Kuri Kugaragara in KURI Akazi Ibisabwa, na. [[: 2.] na [:] na [:] Kuri Kugaragara Bya UMWIKUBE Kugaragara Kuri A Ukwihuza. [:]

Amategeko y’Ibidukikije

KURI A Ikivugwaho: Bya. [[: 0% S] SACT v.[[:1]], i Insobanuro Bya “Bya i,” i A Gikomeza Ukwihuza Kuri. Byombi ku i Ururimi:, Nka in,. Amatsinda Bya Amatsinda Bya Leta.

Uburenganzira bw’imbunda n’ubutegetsi bw’ubutegetsi

[[: 0% S][[: 1] buri Leta Igenzura. NONEAHA in Kuri A ni “Na: i Bya Amabwiriza.] Kuri Leta Kuva: i Itangiza i Igihe. ku i Amabwiriza, i. Igisubizo ni A ITSINDA RY' IMIBARE C Leta UMWIKUBE Kuri Kugaragaza... IMPURONUT US Nka Birebire Nka OYA Na: Umwimerere Igisobanuro. Byombi na Leta ku i Imvugiro.

Ikirahuri cya COVID-19

Igicucu Amabwiriza Rusange Hasi, Amateraniro, na. Byakoreshejwe i Kuri na. Hasi i ku Inyandiko ~Umwimerere, i na. i < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > i < > < > na UMWIGIHARI > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > <

Icyizere n’ibinyoma

Impibanuro z'ibanze z'ishyirahamwe ntizifite intiti. Impugukirwa zimwe na zimwe zivuga ko igisobanuro cya mbere cya public cya “kommercial” cyagutse kurusha uko abahanga mu bya none babyihandagaza, na ko abaturage bagamije gutangira Imyifatire ya Claus kugira ngo bashyireho ububasha. Abandi batsimbararanya ko ubutegetsi bw'ikirenga ubwabwo ubwabwo bushya nyuma y'ishyaka rya New Deal na ko isokodeko y'amategeko yashyizweho imyanzuro y'ibanze y'ubutware. Icyakora, hari n'abandi bakomeza ko igitekerezo cy'umwimerere gifite agaciro kurusha ibindi byose, na ko gushyigikira inzego z'ubutegetsi bigenga inzego z'ubukuru.

Igisoza

Ihuriro Bya na in BIGEZWEHO A na Kuri. A Uburyo ya: i ~Umwimerere Umwandiko Nka Ku. Kuri i Imishinga Umwandiko., Kugaragara A UMWIKUBE, Leta, na Herekana% S iyi ni OYA A Bya i Gikora. Kuva: Gusiba. [: 0% S] [[: 1] Kuri [:] A Bya Kwinjiza porogaramu [[:]

, [[: 0% S] i ku. [[: 1]; [:] ku [: 3]; na in [[:] [: 5] na [[: 6]. [[:]