- Ku i: Bya

Ibiro by'ishami biyobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika ni byo nkingi y'ubucamanza, ihabwa inshingano yo gukora no gushyiraho amategeko ya leta. Mu gihe Konsitanti y'Amategeko n'ibisobanuro byayo, irebera ishami ry'Ikirenga kugira ngo ihindure amategeko akaba igikorwa, (-"igenzura ibintu byose uhereye ku mutekano w'igihugu na ibihugu, urebe amategeko agenga ibidukikije hamwe n'uburwayigenzo bwa leta.)

Uwo mwanzuro wagutse waguye uterura ibice by’ibanze bigize ishami, abayobozi b’ingenzi, abashinzwe iby’ingenzi, n’inzego zagenzurwa zishyira ubutware bwaryo mu gaciro.

Isoko y’amategeko y’amategeko ni iki?

in Bya i Ishingiro ry' amategeko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, i ni Kuri "Ibigenga i Mubwizerwe" i, Inshingano Cyangwa i Umumaro, i umuyobozi/ uyobora ni Igikorwa -. i Ibikorwa: Bya i, kuyobora, na i Amabwiriza ku Amatsinda.

UMWIKUBE in A UMWE, i Ofise Byombi i [[: 0] Bya Leta [[: 1] na i [[:] Bya [[:]]. < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / >. < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > Imiterere Gusiba Igenabihe na < Urwego: = "" > < / > ku i, i Bya A Urwego rwo hejuru i Bya. Igihe, i Kuva: A Bya, Bya,: Gukora i.

Umwandiko na Mbuganyuma, Kuri [: 0% S] i Bya i [[: 1].

Bya i

Ishami ry’ubuyobozi si Prezida gusa; ni itsinda rigizwe n’ibintu byinshi bihuriza hamwe, byose hamwe bikaba bisohoza umurimo wa leta.

  • Prezida
  • Umuyobozi w’Ikirenga w’Inzego z’Ubwoko
  • Abashinzwe Inzego Zishinzwe Ibiro Bishinzwe ku Bikorwa n’Abashinzwe Inzego Zishinzwe Gutanga Impamyabumenyi
  • Imishinga yo guharanira ubuyobozi n’imyifatire yo kwigenga
  • Umujyi ushinzwe gutwara ingo n’ibiro bya perezida

Prezida: Umuyobozi Mukuru n’Ibindi Birenzeho

Umukuru w'Ikirenga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika afite umwanya ukomeye kurusha iyindi mu isi. Ijambo ry'imyaka ine, na Kinini Bya Kabiri munsi y'ivugurura rya 22 Ihuriro, Umukuru w'Ikirenga yambaye ingofero nyinshi:

  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] i, Bya (Na: Iyemeza), na Inyuma.
  • [[: 0% S] - in -:[[: 1] i na KURI Ibikorwa:,.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] Mvamahanga Itegeko, Amasezerano (), na.
  • [[: 0% S]Ibanga:[[[: 1]
  • [[: 0% S] Bya:[[:] i Ku Imimaro na Nka A IKIMENYETSO Bya.

, ku IMYAKA 35 ki/ bishaje, A A Bya i U. ya: 14 IMYAKA. command A, i Bya i (), Urufunguzo Nka i, i Bya na, na i Bya.

[[: 0% S] Amabwiriza [[:]] [i UMWIKUBE Bya, i Ikivugwaho: Kuri Isubiramo na ku A. i < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > Kuri in Ubuso Nka Itegeko, Ibigenga, na Umutekano w' igihugu.

A Urutonde Bya na Imishinga, [[: 0% S] Ipaji: ku i < Urwego: = "" > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < / > [:].

Perezida w’Umuce: Si Ubwiringiro Bukomeye

ni i ISEGONDA - kirekire Ofise in i. i Inshingano Nka, i BIGEZWEHO Nka A Gufunga Kuri i, A Urufunguzo in, na A. A Cyo nyine Kabiri Inshingano Nka [[:]] Bya i [[: 1]], - Ryari: i ni.

i i NIBA i,,, Cyangwa ni Cyavanyweho Kuva: Ofise + . A Times in Urutonde., in, i ya: na By' igihe gito Bya UMWIKUBE (G., A). A ya: A, Byakoreshejwe in i Bigezweho (Inyuma na Nyuma).

Muri iki gihe, Prezida w’Umuyobozi w’Ikirenga akenshi ashinga inshingano z’ingenzi, urugero nko kuba umuyobozi w’amajyaruguru, agenzura amabwiriza asobanutse neza, kandi agashyiraho gahunda zihariye z’ubuyobozi. Uruhare rwaje guhinduka urundi ruba itsinda ry’umukuru mu butegetsi, nubwo kugira ingaruka nziza byaryo biterwaga cyane n’imishyikirano iri hagati y’uwari ahari.

: Bya Abayobozi

ni OYA in i, Nka A Ibyangombwa Umubiri. i () Bya i 15 Urwego rwo hejuru, Guteranya i na Ikindi Abayobozi bakuru (Nka i Bya, i Bya, na i U.S.) Gicurasi IGICE.

Imishinga 15 y'ubuyobozi ni:

  1. Leta
  2. Bijyanye n'umutungo
  3. Irinda
  4. Ubutabera
  5. Hagati
  6. Ubuhinzi
  7. Ubucuruzi
  8. Akazi
  9. Imikorere y’ubuzima n’imikorere ya kimuntu
  10. Amazu n’iterambere ry’imijyi
  11. Porogaramu
  12. Ingufu
  13. Intaho:
  14. Ibibanza
  15. Umutekano w'ubuturo

Buri munyamabanga w' Urwego, ashyirwaho na perezida na i Konten, kandi agenzura urwego runini rushinzwe iby'imishinga mu bwihihisho mu bwihisho mu majyaruguru yabo. Urugero, Umunyamabanga wa Leta afata imyanzuro y'ubucuruzi n'imishinga, mu gihe Umunyamabanga w'Ubutasi ayobora i. Umuyobozi mukuru (uyobora Ishami ry'Ubutabera) ni we muyobozi mukuru w'amategeko na umuyobozi w'amategeko w'ushinzwe gushyigikira leta.

Abayobozi ba Biro by'Ikigo cya Kaminuza bajya impaka z'impamyabumenyi, imyitwarire yayo itandukana ku bw' ubuyobozi. Abayobozi bamwe na bamwe bishingikiriza cyane ku bijyanye na Kaminuza, mu gihe abandi bashyiraho imyanzuro y'ibiteguro muri i White House.

Imishinga yo guharanira ubuyobozi n’imyifatire yo kwigenga

Mu nzego z’ibigo by’ishami, mu nzego z’ubuyobozi hakubiyemo n’ibigo bibarirwa mu magana bisohoza imirimo yihariye.

  • [[: 0% S]:[[[: 1] A Cyangwa i. Gushyiramo i Bya (Injina), i (), na i na (na).
  • [[: 0% S] Hanze i Imiterere, Na: BIHAMYE ku i, Kuri. Gushyiramo i (), i na (), i (), na i.

, Nka i na () na i (), - na - - - Kurema na in Ubuso Bya. Cyo nyine Imiterere Kuri Aderesi: ITSINDA RY' IMIBARE C, Na: A Dogere Bya Kuva: i Uruziga.

i Urutonde Bya na, [[: 0% S] A - Umubarendanga Bya U.S. [[: 1].

Imyifatire yo gushyiraho amategeko mu bikorwa: Guhatira abantu gukora ibihuje n’amategeko no guharanira ko habaho amabwiriza

Imirimo y’ibanze y’ibiro by’ishami, ni ugukora umurimo w’ifatizo, n’amategeko ashinzwe amategeko, n’imyitwarire y’abashinzwe amategeko.

Inzego zisabwa n’amategeko agenga imibanire y’abantu

Leta na Bya hafi & Umunsi - Kuri - UMUNSI, i Intambwe ya: Kwambukiranya Imirongo, Bikubiyemo Umutekano w'igihugu, Cyangwa Kugwa munsi y'ubutegetsi bwa Leta. Amaseriveri Amatsinda Amato y'amategeko y'ibiro by'Ikirenga ishami ry'Ikirenga hakubiyemo:

  • [[: 0%] < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < < > < < > < / >] Bya i Ishami:,, Gukemura, Ubwicanyi,, na public.
  • [[: 0% S] ():[[: 1] Amabwiriza na, na.
  • [[: 0% S]Bya,, na ():[[[1],, na.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] Abayobozi (,,) na Ibyiciro Ibyiciro Nka.
  • [[: 0% S]U.:[[: 1] Umutekano ya:,, na i Porogaramu Irinda.

Buri wese muri iyo miryango ayoborwa n’amategeko, kandi ashinzwe gucunga amanama, Urwego Rushinzwe Ubutabera n’inzego z’inzandiko.

Imiteguro Ishinzwe Ubutware: Gushyiriraho Amategeko mu Butegetsi no mu Ruhande rw’Ikiremwamuntu

Ibigo bishinzwe kuyobora byibanda ku nzego runaka, bishyiraho amategeko yo gushyiraho amategeko yagutse no gushyiraho amategeko agenga ibyo umuntu agomba gukora binyuriye mu gusuzuma, kuriha fagisi, no mu makuru.

  • [[: 0% S] [[:] Amategeko nka i na, na.
  • [[: 0% S] na ():[[: 1] i Bya, Amacukunyu, Amapareye, na.
  • [[: 0% S] na ():[[: 1] na Amasoko, ku Amategeko.
  • [[: 0% S] ():[[: 1]] Ibitabo na Mpuzamahanga Amatumanaho ku,,,,, na.
  • [[: 0% S] na ():[[: 1] na.

Icyakora, akenshi ibikorwa byabyo biterwa n’ibibazo by’amategeko, kandi bigenzurwa n’amasezerano, bityo bikaba byumvikanisha ko bidarenze amategeko abishinzwe.

na:

Ishami ryigenga rikorera mu igenzura n'ishyirahamwe byateguwe n'abashinzwe Ishingiro ry'Ishingiro. Nta shami rimwe ritarinzweho; buri shami rifite ibikoresho byo gucecekesha andi magenzura. Kuri ishami ry'Ikirenga, izo genzura mbere na mbere zituruka ku Masezerano y'Ikigo n'ubucamanza.

Ubugenzuzi bw’Inteko Mpuzamahanga

Inama zishinzwe kugenzura ibiro by’ishami, zigira uruhare rukomeye:

  • [[:] na ku. Amafaranga, a Kuri.
  • [[: 0% S] Bya:[[: 1],,, na Ikindi Abayobozi. Ikivugwaho: Kuri public na Impaka.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] A Na: A Kabiri - 3 in Byombi, A < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < < > < / > < < > < / > < > < > < < < > < / > < < < > < < > < > < > < < < > < > < < > < < < < > < < > < > < > < < / > < < > < < > < > < / > < < > < < > < > < < < < < > < < > < < < < > < < < > < > < < > < > < < < > < > < > < < > < > < < > < < > < > < > < > < > < > < < < < > < < > <
  • [[: 0% S]:[[[: 1] i,, Cyangwa Ikindi ya: ",, Cyangwa Ikindi ejuru na" Hanyuma A na Gukuraho i ku A Kabiri -.
  • [[: 0% S] na:[[: 1] Inyandiko na Kuva: Abayobozi, Kuri Itegeko na.

Ubwo butegetsi butuma abagize Inteko Nshingano bakomeza kugira icyo babaza ku biro by’ishami bigenga ishami mu gihe gikwiriye, bitewe n’uko abantu bagenzura ibikorwa byaryo kandi bakabona ingaruka za politiki.

Isubiramo ry' icyitonderwa

, i, i UMWIKUBE Kuri Isubiramo Ibikorwa na. i Cyangwa i Cyangwa, i Hasi Igikorwa. Nka [[: 0% S]] &;. [[:] [52] Imbibi ku UMWIKUBE, Bya i.

i Bya Gihinguranya [[: 0% S]], OYA Cyangwa. Kugenzura ni in A Bigezweho Leta Inzego.

Ibitekerezo by’Icyo cy’Icyo Kiva ku Mutima n’Iby’Indangabintu

external, i umuyobozi/ uyobora By' imbere. Bya i in,,, na. (),, umuyobozi/ uyobora Porogaramu. A Kigenga Kanda ku i. // Nka A Kugenzura, na i public.

, Kurema A Sisitemu Oya UMWE Umukinnyi in i < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / >. A i Sisitemu na, i [: 0% S]. Ipaji: ku i Bya [[:] Incamake.

Ishami ryayoboraga umuryango: Ibibazo bivuka muri iki gihe n’inkomoko y’ubwihindurize

Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ishami ryiyobora ryagiye ryaguka kurusha uko Abatangizi babyiyumviraga. Iterambere rya leta y’ubutegetsi, amajyambere y'ubuyobozi, no kuba ibibazo by'ingo n'ibyerekeranye n’isi, byagiye birushaho kuba birushya mu buryo bwihuse, byose byagize ingaruka ku imiterere y’ibiro by’ishami muri iki gihe. Muri iki gihe, ishami ryigenga rikoresha abantu bagera kuri miriyoni 4, hakubiyemo abasoda n’abakozi ba gisivile.

Hari impaka zikomeza zishingiye ku rwego rw'ubutware bwa perezida, cyane cyane mu bihe by'impanuka. Umukuru w'igihugu ashobora gukoresha ingabo mu gihe cy'imihihibikano mike mu gihe cy'Icyemezo cy'Intambara, agatangaza ko hari ibintu byihutirwa by'ibihugu kugira ngo atangize ubutegetsi runaka bwigenga, na amategeko y'ubuyobozi ashobora kwigerageza imipaka y'amategeko. Ubwo butegetsi ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho igikorwa gihutihutiwe, ariko nanone bugarura ibibazo ku bihereranye no kugira icyo umuntu abazwa n’ubutegetsi.

Kumenya ishami ry'Ikirere si imyitozo yo mu rwego rw'ubuhanga gusa, ni ngombwa cyane ku bw'ubuturo bw'ubwigenge. buri tegeko rya leta ryashyizwe ku biro by'abayobozi b'ibiro by'ishami bagomba kurisohoza.

Igisoza

< > < / > ni Birenzeho i. ni A Sisitemu Bya,,, na < > < / > Byose Kuri Amategeko, public, na i < > < / >. i - in - Kuri i < > < / >, buri Inzira% s Bya iyi A In In < / > in < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

ku i Urwego rwo hejuru Urutonde na Bijyanye n' imikorere, Ibikorana Kuva: i [: 0% S] Webu [[[: 1] na i [[: 2.] [[[: 3.]