. ni Nka A Iburyo:, Kuri Bwite,, na By' amategeko. i [[: 0% S] v. [[: 1]], i. i Kuri ni A Bwite Iburyo: Bya ngombwa Kuri i Bya., ni OYA ya:. Na: Inzabitswe Kuri Cyangwa i By' amategeko na Bya. ku, Ubwoko: Bya Ishinga, na Bya i. ni ya:, i, na Kuri bingana i.

Iyi ngingo isuzuma uko amategeko arebana n’uburenganzira abantu bafite bwo gushyingiranwa, urugero nk’ibirego bibuzanya abagizi ba nabi, ibyerekeranye n’ingaruka inyandiko y’ubucamanza ifitanye n’uburenganzira bwemewe n’amategeko bwemewe n’amategeko.

Tumenye uko amategeko agaragara

Amategeko y'ishyingiranwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika agengwa n'ibihugu bitandukanye, bisobanura ko amategeko agira ingaruka ku bantu bafite inyandiko z’abagizi ba nabi ashobora gutandukana cyane uhereye ku nyandiko imwe ukajya ku yindi. Nubwo nta leta ifite amategeko abuza abantu bose gushyingiranwa afite inyandiko z’abagizi ba nabi, abantu benshi bashyiriraho amategeko asobanutse neza ashingiye ku miterere y'iciro, umwanya w'ubukwe (ufite cyangwa ushingiye ku kwisubizwa cyangwa ku ku gihe cy'ishyingiranwa).

, Ishyingiranwa ryagenewe abanyaruhushya, guhera i, inkiko z' imyanya, OYA Itanga uburenganzira busesuye A Byuzuye ku ishyingiranwa. [[: 0%] v. [[: 1] (< > < / >], i Hasi A < > < / > Amabwiriza Kuva: i, i Amabwiriza i Iburyo: Kuri. < Urwego: = "" > < / > < / > < Urwego: = "" > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < Urwego: = "Ibikorana:" > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < Urwego > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > <

N’ubwo hatanzwe iyo ngingo, hari amategeko agenga uko ishyingiranwa rigomba gushyingirwa n’abantu bafunzwe. Byongeye kandi, amategeko arebana n’iyo umuntu amaze kurekurwa, amwe n’abasambanyi batsinzwe n’urugomo, cyangwa abakora ibikorwa by'urugomo, bahanganye n’isuzuma ridahindagurika ry'amategeko. Ibyo bituma hakorwa amategeko menshi ashobora kuvumbura kandi rimwe na rimwe agavuguruzanya.

Impine z'ibanze z'impindukanzo

  • [[: 0% S] Amategeko: [[[: 1], nka na, i Inshingano ya: Kuri Cyangwa Urutonde ya: A ku Bya A Urutonde., nka, Kwemerera Kuri NIBA i na i ni in Na:.
  • [[: 0% S] Sisitemu:[[: 1] Kuri, Kuva: i, ku Nka Umutekano urwego, i Bya i Ikosa, na i i i A Kuri Cyangwa Itondekanya.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[[:]] Ishyingiranwa rya: Cyangwa Na: Ibyabitswe. Urugero:, in i, Gicurasi Na: Kuva: i Bya, in na

Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bitandukanye ni ibintu by’ingenzi, kubera ko ishyingiranwa rifite agaciro mu yindi leta rishobora guhura n’ingorane mu yindi, cyane cyane mu gihe umuntu asabwa kwemera mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bitewe n’impamvu zo gutoranya umurage, inyungu cyangwa uburenganzira bwo kurera umwana.

Ibirego mu Gihe cy’Imyidagaduro

Igihe in Cyangwa, i Kuri ni Ikivugwaho: Kuri Amabwiriza. in [[: 0% S] v.[[: 1] i Iburyo: Kuri, Kuri. A Igisubizo, buri Leta Sisitemu, Gushyiramo:

  • [[: 0% S]:[[:] Tanga A Kubaza... Kuri, na i Cyangwa A i Kubaza... ku Umutekano, Umutekano, na i Icyabitswe.
  • [[: 0% S] Amabwiriza:[[: 1] Gicurasi muri i, ku A Cyangwa, na Gicurasi Ikivugwaho: Kuri Igihe Imbibi Cyangwa Amabwiriza ku.
  • [[: 0] Ibitekerezo bishingiye ku cyaha:[[[: 1] bimwe na bimwe bihakana mu buryo budasubirwaho, ibyo gusaba imfungwa gushyingirwa zishinjwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, cyo guhohoteranya ku by’ibitsina, cyangwa ibindi byaha by’urugomo, cyane cyane iyo uwo bashakanye uhawe igitekerezo cyo gutsindwa cyangwa akaba ari umuhamya.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[:], Tegereza & Kugeza A Igihe Mbere Irekura: Cyangwa & Kugeza Byarangiye Porogaramu Mbere.
  • [[: 0% S] na: [[: 1] Gicurasi i Kuri Urutonde Kuri i, na in, i - A Mbuganyuma Kugenzura.

Amabwiriza Kurema imyitiriro. Urugero:, A Birebire - Igihe Kuri Gicurasi isura Imyaka Bya Gutinda Cyangwa Kwiyangwa. Ryari: Byemewe, i Gicurasi Kuri A Bigufi, - Icyabaye, i Agaciro: na Agaciro: Bya i., Reba ishyingiranwa Nka A Gushigikira na.

Imyitwarire irebana n’ishyingiranwa

Nyuma yo gufungurwa, abantu bafite inyandiko z'ubugizi bwa nabi bashobora guhangana n'ibirego bifitanye isano n'ishyingiranwa, cyane cyane niba ari ku irembo cyangwa, Cyangwa NIBA ku makosa amwe n' amwe. Ibirego bitangwa mu matsinda atatu: ibyihishe mu buryo butari ngombwa, ibyifuzo bishyizweho bishyizweho bishyizweho na A isoko Cyangwa itsinda ry'abashakanye, na Ibisabwa bifitanye isano no guhishura amateka y'ubwihihisho mu gihe cy'imihango cyangwa Porogaramu ya arebembye.

Imisaraba ifunganyije

Umubare muto w'ibihugu ufite amategeko abuza abantu gushyingiranwa mu buryo budasubirwaho, akunze kuba aregwa cyane mu byaha bimwe na bimwe by’ubusambanyi. Urugero, Oregon na Florida mu mateka yari afite amategeko yabuzanyaga ishyingiranwa ry’abasambanyi bamwe na bamwe bemewe n'amategeko, nubwo ayo mategeko yashidijwe kandi agahindurwa mu myaka ya vuba aha. Inkiko zagiye zibuza abashakanye gushyingiranwa basambanyi kuga imibonano y’ibitsina, ariko amategeko y'ibanze yo gushakana akaba ari yo arebwaho amategeko arebana no kumenya uwo bashakanye cyangwa guhabwa urukiko rwemewe.

Imipaka Irangwa n’Ubwenge

na Ibigenderwaho bikubiyemo imyanya ibanganya ikorana n'abantu cyangwa irebana n'ibyabaye ku buzima,, ibyifuzo. Umukuru w' ishyingiranwa ashobora kwanga niba i i Bitera akaga ku ruhame cyangwa Na: i Ibisabwa Bya. ku A - ku Ishingiro, Bya Byoroshye Kuri na.

Ibisabwa

Bimwe na bimwe bisaba ko abantu bafite inyandiko z'ubugizi bwa nabi bahishura amateka yabo arebana n’imyifatire y'ishyingiranwa. Kudahishura bishobora kuba impamvu z’uko umuntu yashenjaguwe cyangwa se gushinja ubugizi bwa nabi. Nubwo ibyo bisabwa bigamije kwemeza ko umuntu abyifuza, bashobora nanone kumucira urubanza kandi bagashyiraho inzitizi kugira ngo bashyingiranywe. Kimwe na Louisiana na Virginia, ishyingiranwa rishobora gukurwaho mu gihe umwe mu bashakanye ahishe inyandiko y’ubugizi bwa nabi yari kuba yarahinduye umwanzuro mugenzi we wo gushaka mu buryo bw’umubiri.

Ingaruka zakozwe n’abagizi ba nabi ku bihereranye no kumenya ishyingiranwa n’uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa

Ndetse n’iyo ishyingiranwa ryemewe n’amategeko, inyandiko y’abagizi ba nabi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku burenganzira bunyuranye bwemewe n’amategeko n’inyungu zifitanye isano n’ishyingiranwa.

Inyungu z’Amateka

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, inyungu nyinshi ziterwa n’ibiba mu ishyingiranwa, hakubiyemo inyungu z’abarokotse umutekano w’abantu, inyungu z’abahanga mu by’uburwayi, ubwishingizi bw’ubwishingizi bw’imitungo, n’uburenganzira bwo gutura umurage mu gihe cy'amategeko y’uburasirazuba. Mu gihe ishyingiranwa ryashyizwe mu mimerere yazamutse ibibazo ku bihereranye n’uburenganzira bwaryo, urugero nko kunanirwa guhishura inkuru y’icyahamezo cy’ubugizi bwa nabi, leta cyangwa itsinda ry’umuntu ku giti cye, bishobora guhakana ko umuntu ashobora kubona ibyo bintu bikamuzanira izo nyungu.

Abana n’Abashyitsi

Iyo ababyeyi bashakanye n’abagizi ba nabi, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma umuntu afata imyanzuro irebana no kurera abana, mu gihe aba ashatse, aba ari we ubifatiraho.

Impindu zavuye mu isoko

Ku bantu badakurikiza inyandiko z’abagizi ba nabi, gushyingiranwa n'umuturage wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, bishobora kuba uburyo bwo gushyirwa mu mateka, ariko nanone binagira akaga. Icyizere cy'umwanga gishobora gutuma umuntu adahanwa cyangwa yirukanwa, kandi ishyingiranwa ntiripfa kwikiza. Mu mimerere imwe na imwe, ishyingiranwa rishobora gusuzumwa mu gihe umuntu ashatse cyangwa ashinje mugenzi we, cyane cyane cyane iyo uwo bashakanye bafitanye isano n’ubugizi bwa nabi.

Umurage n’ubutware

Umwanzuro w’umurage ushobora kugorana mu gihe ishyingiranwa rihagaritswe nyuma y'urupfu. Mu gihe uwapfakaye yaba afite inyandiko y'ubugizi bwa nabi kandi ntayihishe uwapfuye mbere y'ishyingiranwa, urukiko rushobora guhingira uwo bashakanye ikintu cyo gusesa uwo bashakanye wasize, bishobora kumuvanamo umurage. Ibyo ni iby’ingenzi cyane cyane mu maruwa yo mu gihe cyo “gucapa umuhigo w’umutima" cyangwa kureka gucibwaho bitewe n'ububeshyizi bitewe n'ibangamiranwa, kugira ngo bahishe ukuri.

Ibibazo by’Amateka n’Imihati yo Gushyigikira Ubutegetsi

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize, imyanzuro yafashwe n’urukiko hamwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gipagani byagiye birushaho kwagura uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa abantu bafite inyandiko z’ubugizi bwa nabi, ariko hasigayeho ibintu by’ingenzi.

() na Ikindi ku Ishyingiranwa ya: na. [[: 0% S] v.[[: 1]], i A, i Hasi A Itegeko ya: in, OYA Buri gihe Byashyizweho. Urugero:, in [:] v. [[:], A, i Konti: Hasi A Itegeko ya: in, OYA Kuri Umutekano.

Abashyigikira ko amategeko arebana n'ishyingiranwa anyuranyije na Kongerereza Imyitwarire ya 14 y'Ivugurura. Nanone kandi, babona ko izo nzitizo zishobora gutuma abantu badakomeza kwikosora. Ihuriro ry'igihugu ryiyemeje amategeko ya leta, ryagaragaje ko hari ubutegetsi bwagiye bubuzanya abasambanyi gushyingiranwa, mu gihe abandi babyitondeye.

Imihati yo guhindura amategeko yibanda ku gusimbura amategeko yikoresha na. Urugero:, itangwa mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, isaba ko amategeko yashyingirwa n'ingwatizo mbere yo kwanga gushyingiranwa n' imfungwa cyangwa isoko, aho kwemera ko batanatana. Amatsinda y'amategeko ashyigikira ko amahame arushaho kwiyongera arebana n'uko amategeko ashyizweho ashyizweho na OYA ashingiye ku bitekerezo by'urusobe.

kugirango Gushyiramo

  • [[AGUSH]ACLU: Uburenganzira bw’abafunzwe – Ishyingiranwa n’Umuryango [[[KIGU]]
  • [[: 0%] Bya: ya: Bya [[1]
  • [[:]Ishyirahamwe ry'Ikinyamerika: Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu - Iburyo Kuri [[[: 1]

Uko Amategeko y’Ishyingiranwa Ahuza n’Ibyabaye

Ku bantu bafite inyandiko z’abagizi ba nabi bifuza gushaka, gutera intambwe zirangwa no guhorana bishobora kubafasha kwirinda imitego irebana n’amategeko:

Jya ureba imbunda

Kubera ko amategeko ya leta atandukanye cyane, umucamanza wigeze gucira abandi urubanza mu muryango cyangwa mu bugizi bwa nabi ashobora kubafasha kumenya niba hari amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’imfungwa, cyangwa niba arebana n’amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’imfungwa, ashobora gufasha abafite uburenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa gucunga ishyingiranwa.

Jya umenya inshingano zireba ibibazo

Mbere yo gushyingiranwa, jya umenya niba Leta yawe isaba ko uhishura amateka y’abagizi ba nabi mu buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo by’ishyingiranwa.

kugirango Ububikoshingiro

Niba uri mu irembo cyangwa uri mu irembo, ujye uhabwa uruhushya n’umukuru w’abashinzwe iby’uburere mbere y’uko ushyingiranwa, nk’uko kurenga ku mimerere bishobora gutuma ufungwa.

Reka turebe uko igihe cyagenwe cyagiye kirushaho kuba kimeze

Niba uri hafi kurekurwa, byaba byiza uretse gushyingirwa kugeza igihe uzaba utakibanzwe, igihe amategeko arebana n’ibyo wakora aba adakubuza gukora.

Andika ishyingiranwa

Jya uzigama inyandiko zose zirebana n’ibyanditswe, hakubiyemo impamyabumenyi y'ishyingiranwa, amategeko ayo ari yo yose y'icyamategeko arebana n'uburenganzira, na ko kwandikirana n'abategetsi bahana.

Igisoza

Uburenganzira bwo gushaka ni imfuruka y'umudendezo w'umuntu, ariko ku bantu bafite inyandiko z'ubugizi bwa nabi, ubwo burenganzira bufite igipimo gisabwa n'impaka zituzuye. Ibirego byemewe n'amategeko binyuranye bitewe n'ubutegetsi hamwe n'imimerere, biremarema urwego ruhanitse rushobora gukurura abantu mu buryo bwo kudashidikanya mu by'amategeko. Nubwo inkiko zamenye ko imfungwa zikomeza uburenganzira bw'ibanze bwo gushaka, zaretse amategeko ashyize mu gaciro ajya ahinduka inzitizi. Ishinga rishyize mu gaciro, cyane cyane cyane abasambanyi bagamije kwifashisha, barakomeza kugira amahane kandi bagakomeza guhanwa.

Mu gihe imihati yo gushyiriraho abana ibijyanye n' imikorere igenda irushaho kwiyongera, hari ibyiringiro by'uko ishyingiranwa rizarushaho gufatwa neza kandi mu buryo butahindagurika. Ishyingiranwa rigomba gucirwa urubanza ku bw'imibare yaryo, atari ku makosa yakozwe n'umuntu umwe.

Kugira ngo abasomyi bashobore kumenya byinshi kurushaho ku birebana n’amategeko agenga ishyingiranwa agira ingaruka ku bantu bafite inyandiko z’abagizi ba nabi, bashobora kwifashisha inzego z’inzego z’inzego z’ingimbi n’iz’iz’ibyataburuwe muri Amerika.