Kuri i ni Birenzeho A Gufungura% S. ni A, A Bya i Uduciro na i Imisusire- shusho. - Kabiri Amagambo, i Impamvu ya: i: A Birenzeho,,,, ya: i, i, na i Bya., i, na i Bya i Bya i Bya — A, OYA in i, ni Kuri i. Ingingo, i, na i Imizi Bya i, na i Bya i, Ikinyuranyo/ Itandukaniro,

Bya i: A Ishinga yo guharanira ubutegetsi

Intangiriro:

[[:][:][:] i Bya i, in Kuri Ifishi% S: A Birenzeho,, ya: i, i Rusange, na Gitekaanye: i Bya Kuri na, na iyi ya: i. [[:][:] [[]

UMWE Ibyangombwa Ibikorwa. i Inkomoko Bya — [[: 0% S] i < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > — Guhindura:% s i < > < / > Nka i < > < / >. Intonde Impamvu i Bya < > < / >. i Impamvu i < / > A Ikiranga Kuva: i. Ururimi: ku i Bya, ku i, i Bihera Kuri Byombi na. [:]

Icyo “Twebwe abantu ” bisobanura: Ubutegetsi bw’Ikirenga bw’Ikirenga bumeze nk’Ibuye

Gufungura% S, [[: 0% S] ni i Amagambo in Urutonde. OYA Kuva: Iburyo:, OYA Kuva:, OYA Kuva:, Kuva: i Bya. Bya A Biturutse Bya Bya i Bya i. i Bya i.

A itandukanya Kuva: i Bya, Byaremwe A Birenga Bya. Itangiriro Na: “Twebwe,” i A hagati i na, i Nka. Gusunika ya: Kurema A Bya. i, i in Birutanwa KURI, na. i ni A Byaguwe ku i. Kuri Birutanwa ku, Kuva: [:]. [1]

Gushaka ibyishimo, kuko ari yo ntego igengwa n’amategeko

Nubwo i [[FLT: 0]]“Gucukura mu Bihereranye n'Ibyishimo” [[FLT: 1]] ntikugaragara mu Kigami ubwacyo — ni ibizwi cyane mu Itangazo ry'Ubwigenge — umwuka waryo ucengeramo ibyihisho by'intego bya Pregnogee y'ishyigikira imyitwarire rusange y'Agabumbye na Ibyishingiro. Abayobozi b'Ikambikerizo by'amategeko baretswe muri filozofiya y'Ubwibone, cyane cyane cyane cyane ibikorwa bya John Locke, wemera ko abantu bafite uburenganzira kamere bwo kubaho mu buzima, ubwigenge, ubwigenge, n’ibintu. Thomas Jefferson, ashuka ku “gurutsemo“ gushaka ibyishimo bya rusange mu Itanga ry’Amasezerano, bashyira imbere isohozwa ry’ukuri ryibanga ryo kwibona.

Isoko ry’Ishingiro ryatangije iyo gahunda ishyira mu mwanya w'ibanze ku bihereranye n'imyifatire ya ngombwa kugira ngo abantu bakurikirane ibyishimo: ihuriro rikomeye ryo kurinda abanyamahanga baterwa akaga n’impanuka z’imbere, gahunda y’ubutabera irinda uburenganzira bw’abantu, gahunda y'umuryango ituma ubuzima bw’amahoro bukomeza kubaho, n’igihugu gitanga umutekano w’igihugu, bituma igihugu kibaho mu buryo bwizeza. “Amapaji y'amategeko y'igihugu yashyizweho yabaye ingirakamaro mu buryo bwihariye, yasobanuwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo leta y’isi yose itangize amategeko atuma abantu bagira uburyo bwo kwibeshaho, uburyo bwo kwigeza ku buzima, n’inshundura, kandi inzego z’imibereho yabo bwite zishobora gutuma bitanga isohozwa. Ibyo byose bituma abaturagengwa n’intego z’ibyishimo binyuriye mu rwego rw’ubushake bw’ibyishimo.

Inkomoko y’umucyo: Inzu y’ikigimba, Jefferson n’Uburenganzira kamere

[[: 0% S] Bya [[: 1]]). Gutegeka: Kuri Kuri, na Ryari: Kuri, i Abantu A Iburyo: Kuri Cyangwa. iyi Ishyirahamwe Impuzande., in i, Cyagutse Kuri “i Bya,” A Kinini Bya,, na Bya. Gusunika: i Indangakintu: A Kuri Impera, OYA i Impera. nibyo Bya ni Kuri Gushoboza Kuri Kigenga, na. [:]

Amateka: Guhindura itangiriro ry’akaga

Isosiyete y'Amateka yo mu 1787 yateraniye i Philadelphia mu gicu cy'Inteko z'Inteko z'Icyiciro. Shays’s Regault in Massachusetts (1786-1787) yari yashyize ahagaragara ko ubutegetsi bw'igihugu budashobora kubungabunga umutekano cyangwa kwitabira imyidagaduro y'ubukungu. Leta zahagarikagamira imyidashingiro y'ubucuruzi, gucapa amafaranga y'umutungo, kandi zikirengagiza amasezerano. Abayobozi bari bazi ko isohorezo gusa y'impagaramake itari kuba ihagije. Bari bakeneye indi mishinga mishya yari gutuma havukane y'ubutegetsi bwifatije kurusha ubundi bwose, mu gihe bari kurinda umudendezo.

James Madison, ukunda kwitwa Sebikorwa w'Ishingiro, yageze mu ikoraniro ry'Imishinga ya Virginie, ryasabaga ko hakorwa ubutegetsi bwigenga, umuyobozi, n’amashami y'imanza. Impaka zamaze amezi menshi zishyamiranya ku buryo bwagaragarijwe, ubutware bwa leta, na kuringanirana hagati y'ibihugu binini n'ibito. Ishinga ry'amategeko ryaje kuri iyo ngingo, rigatangiramo amagambo y'intego y'intego imwe, ikaba yashoboraga gutuma habaho amasezerano arenze urugero. Governeur Morris, umwanditsi w'ibanze w’ururimi rwa nyuma, yari azwiho kuba afite ubuhanga n’imyizerere ikomeye mu mashyanga y'igihugu.

Intambara zo guharanira uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu zakomeje gushimangira agaciro k'impamyabumenyi. Abarwanyaga ibihugu bya kera bahangayikishijwe n’uko “Twebwe abantu” twakwigarurira ubutegetsi bw’igihugu; abashinzwe guharanira ubutegetsi bwigenga bwa leta; abashinzwe ko iyo mvugo yashyizweho n'ubutegetsi bwigenga, bufite imibare ishyizweho. Ibya mbere icumi byagiye bivugururwa —⁠ Ibyavuzwe na Bill of Rights — mu buryo bunyuranye, bikaba byarashyize mu gaciro ku burenganzira bwihariye bw'umwihariko, birinda uburenganzira bw'ubwihinde bwa leta nshya. Bityo rero, intego za Pregeagee yashyizweho zabaye ifatizo n’ihuriro ry’Amateka.

Gusobanura ibintu muri iki gihe: Gushakisha ibyishimo mu mategeko no mu bikorwa byagenwe

, i Bya Nka A Ubuso Bya na public Itegeko. OYA i Nka Inkomoko Bya (i in [: 0% S]] v. [[[:]] [0] [0% S] (05] i ni OYA A Bya UMWIKUBE), Nka A ya: i. Urugero, i Kuri i Rusange" Byakoreshejwe Kuri Gushyigikira Porogaramu nka,,, na i, i Umuhanzi na in, 8, i Umuhango na in I, 8.

Kubatura abandi mu gihugu no kuba ari uburenganzira bwo kwikorera ibintu bya bwite

.[[:]][[[:]], A Iburyo: Kuri, ku i Kigenga Kuri Ubwoko Ikiranga na., ya: i, i Bya Nka A, “i Iburyo: Kuri Bwite Ishyingiranwa ni in i Bya.", i ku ([:]] na [:], [[5]], [[2], na [:]

Imibereho y’Ubukungu n’Uruhunda Rusanzwe

, i Bya i, na i na i Sisitemu ya: A Porogaramu Bya i,,,, Bishyizweho Nka Kuri i Bijyanye n'ubukungu, na i Gushakisha Ibyishimo ni ya: i Bya i. na i na i, Birebire Amatsinda y'Ikigo Cya mbere, na Bike Amategeko y'Ubutunzi, na Bijyanye n'Imikoro. [[: 0]] Bya i na i Na i Kuri i Rusange, A Sisitemu ya kera y'Akazi, ADNTAGIHARWA.

Vuba aha, impaka zishingiye ku birebana n'imyitwaranire y'ubuzima bw’abantu bose, kubabarira abanyeshuri, n’umushahara w'ibanze utangwa hose, zose zihuje n’isezerano ryatanzwe n'abahanga mu by'imyifatire.

Uko ubutegetsi buhesha ibyishimo

, i Iperereza ry'Ubuhirwe mu isenzurabiko ry'ubukungu, ryagize ingaruka ku itsinda ry'ibijyanye n'imyitwarire y'imyitwarire ya leta. Mu myaka ishize, abashinga amategeko n'abahanga mu by'ubukungu, bagiye bareka ibicuruzwa by'ifasi byaho (GDP) nk'itsinda ry'igihugu.

Uko Itangiriro Ryakomeje Gushyirwa ku Gaheburo mu Kinyejana cya 21

Itangiriro rya gipagani rikomeza kuba kimwe mu bigize umuco wa politiki y’Abanyamerika, risubizwa n’abayobozi bo hirya no hino muri iyo mitekerereze. Abayobozi ba porofeseri incuro nyinshi, bavuga ngo “twebwe Abantu” mu gihe cy'itangiriro rya za aderesi na Leta y'ishyirahamwe ry'ishyirahamwe ry'ubumwe, kugira ngo twunge igihugu mu ntego zimwe. Abashinzwe iby’amategeko bakoresha kugira ngo bahishe amategeko shingiro y'amategeko y'amategeko, nk'ibirego by'impanuka, nk'ibuzanya amabwiriza cyangwa gucungamira porogaramu zikoza uburenganzira bw'uburenganzira. Mu mwaka wa 2020, ibyo bibaye impagaragarizo z'ubutegetsi bwo “guharanira inyungu z’umuryango ”?

Amashuri akurikiranya icyo gihugu yose asaba abanyeshuri gufata mu mutwe no gusesengura itangiriro, bakareba neza ko buri shyanga rirwana n’icyo risobanura. Imvugo ngo “Urunani rw’Abanyamerika rutunganye cyane, ” yemera ko umushinga wa demokarasi udashira; ni uburyo buhoraho bwo kugira iterambere, busaba imihati idatezura kugira ngo bakomeze kubaho mu buryo buhuje n’intego zashyizweho. Ibyo byihariye ni uko igihugu gihangana n’ubusumbane bw’abantu, ubutabera bw’amoko, n’imishyikirano ya gihangange mu bya politiki.

Umwanzuro: Ibyishimo ni isezerano ritabuzanyijwe

Intego esheshatu z'ubwigenge zivugwa mu mateka, zigizwe n’amasezerano hagati y'abantu na leta yabo, isezerano ry’uko leta ikorera abaturage bayo bamerewe neza. Nubwo amagambo ngo “ibyari bigenewe kugira ibyishimo” yakoreshejwe mu Itangazo ry'Ubwigenge, ibitekerezo byaryo bishyirwa mu bigize amategeko y'amategeko, bishyizwe mu masezerano agenga ubutabera, amahoro, umutekano, umutekano, n’umudendezo. Abashinze leta bumvaga ko ibyishimo bitashoboraga gushyirwaho n’amategeko, ariko ko bizeraga ko ubutegetsi bwiyubashye bushobora kurema imimerere abantu ku giti cyabo, kugira ngo busohoze inzira zabo bwite.

Nyuma y'ibinyejana bibiri, iryo sezerano rikomeza kuba impanuka kandi rigakomeza kuba ikibazo. Inkiko zikomeza gusobanura ko Amategeko y'amategeko ari ay'ibanze, zikurikije imigambi yayo ihanitse, kandi zikomeza kwagura uburinzi ku bw'ubwigenge n'ubutunzi. Abashinzwe iby'ubutegetsi bajya impaka ku birebana n'amategeko atuma abantu muri rusange bagira imibereho myiza. Abaturage bashinzwe ko ubutegetsi bwabo bufite uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu buryo bwiyubashye, uburyo n’umudendezo. Gutangiza Iteka, mu gihe cy'igihe gito cyane, bivanamo imyifatire y'agahango: igihugu kidashingiye ku maraso cyangwa ku mafasi, ahubwo gifite icyizere cyo gufasha abantu bose kugira icyo ari cyo.