Table of Contents
Uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe ni uburenganzira bw'ibanze bw'igitugu bushingiye ku myanya ya demokarasi igenga abantu na ibikorwa bikorera hamwe. Butuma abantu bashobora guteranira hamwe mu mahoro kugira ngo bivugirwe, bishimangire, bishimangire, cyangwa bisenge. Nanone, burinzwe n'amategeko mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira bw'uburenganzira bw'abantu, n'amategeko mbwirizamuco. Iyi ngingo igaragaza neza uburenganzira bufite bwo guteranira hamwe, inkomoko yayo, imyanya yayo yemewe n'amategeko, ihura n'ingero nyazo z'imyifatire yayo.
Akamaro k’uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe
Uburenganzira bw’amakoraniro ntibushingiye gusa ku bintu by’ibanze; ni ibikoresho bitanga imbaraga abantu zo kubumba imibanire yabo.
Imvugo yo Gutekereza no Kwanga
Iyo abantu bateraniye hamwe, bajya bavuga amagambo ahuza abantu ku giti cyabo, kandi bakagaragaza ko bashyigikiye ibitekerezo runaka cyangwa ibyo abantu basabwa.
Amazu y’Abaturage n’Ubutunzi
Amakoraniro, yaba ay’abanyapolitiki, afitanye isano n’iminsi mikuru cyangwa afitanye isano n’idini, atuma abayateranira hamwe babana akaranga kabo kandi bagashyigikirana, ibyo bikaba ari iby’ingenzi kugira ngo imiryango y’abantu ikomeze kubana neza n’abandi, kandi bitume abantu barushaho kwishyira hamwe.
Gufatanya mu bya politiki no kugira icyo tubazwa
Ubutegetsi bwiyongera iyo abaturage bamenyeshejwe na Gikora. Amakoraniro aba ari nk'igenzura rigaragara ku bategetsi.
Indi mpamvu ikomeye yo guhindura imibereho y’abantu
Amateka agaragaza ko hafi buri hinduka rikomeye ryose — kuva ku kuganzwa n’abagore kugeza ku burenganzira bwa gitungwa kugeza ku burenganzira bw’abashakanye — ryagiye risunikirwa n’amakoraniro y’abantu benshi.
Uburyo bwo Kugaragaza Imico n’Iby’Idini
Nanone kandi, bishobora kurinda amateraniro atari aya politiki, urugero nka maradiyo, imikino n'imirimo yo gusenga. Ibyo bintu birushaho gutuma umuco w’abantu urushaho kuba mwiza kandi bigatuma abantu bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa imyizerere yabo ku mugaragaro.
Amateka y’Uburenganzira bwo Guteranya
Ubushobozi bwo guteranira hamwe bwagiye bwiyongera mu binyejana byinshi, burwanya ubutegetsi bwa orudinateri, kandi bwashyizwe mu nyandiko z’amategeko zizwi cyane.
Ibintu bya mbere: Magna Carta na Isomero ry’Umwongereza Rishinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga
Impamyabumenyi (1215) yashyizeho ihame ry’uko umwami atari hejuru y'amategeko, na yemeje uburenganzira runaka bwo kubohora abantu — hakubiyemo uburenganzira bwo guciraho iteka ryemewe n'amategeko na uburinzi buke ku bihereranye n’ihuriro ryihariye. Nubwo itavuze mu buryo bweruye isosiyete, yashyizeho urufatiro rw’igitekerezo cy’uko abayoboke bashoboraga kurwanya ubutegetsi butsembatsemba. Nyuma y'igihe runaka, Igazeti y'Umwongereza yashyiriyeho uburenganzira bw'abaturage, bwo gusaba umwami w’abami, akaba ari na bwo bwiyemeje mu buryo budasubizo ko yari afite uburenganzira bwo gukorakoranya kugira ngo bakore ibyo.
Ivugurura ryabaye muri Amerika hamwe n’Ivugurura rya Mbere
Imyivumbagatanyo ya leta, urugero nk'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ibiro bya Boston na Stamp Act Conseils, byari ibikorwa by'inama byashidikanyije ku butegetsi bw'Abongereza. Nyuma y'ubwigenge, Abatangije uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe mu Ivugurura rya Mbere ry'Ishingiro ry'Ikirenga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika (1791), hamwe n'umudendezo wo kuvuga, ibinyamakuru, n'ibyo gusaba. Iryo hinduka ryabaye urugero ku isi yose mu kurinda iteraniro ry’amahoro.
Ishyirahamwe ry'Ikirenga ry' Uburenganzira bw'Ikibano (1950s-1960)
Nta gihe gishobora kuba cyiza kurusha gihamya y'imbaraga z'iteraniro itsinda ry'Ikirenga ryitaho Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga bw'Ikirenga mu Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Amasaha, n'umudendezo byakoreshejwe mu iteraniro rya rusange nk'intwaro idafite urugomo yo kurwanya ubutegetsi.
Ibikoresho Bishinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu Mpuzamahanga
Nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe bwashyizwe mu Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry'Ubushobozi bw'Ikiremwamuntu (Akabone) na nyuma y'aho mu Isezerano Mpuzamahanga ku Uburenganzira bw'Ikiturage na Politiki (Akabonero 21). Izo nyandiko zandikishije amategeko y'inyandiko kugira ngo zirinde iteraniro ryimukanwa kandi rishyirweho amategeko ya ngombwa gusa. Amategeko nshinga amategeko y'igihugu, kuva muri Afurika y'Epfo kugeza mu Buhindi, na byo yemeza ko ubwo burenganzira.
Ibyatoranyijwe Bikikije Uburenganzira bwo Guteranya
Ubutegetsi bushobora gushyiraho imipaka runaka, ariko iyo mipaka igomba kuba ihuje n’amahame agenga amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Ikoraniro ry’amahoro riba umurimo urinzwe
Iburyo: Kuri Kuri [[: 0% S]., Kuri, Cyangwa Kuri OYA Birinzwe., i ni ku i Leta Kuri Ikoraniro ni OYA. i Igikorwa Icyabaye; Gusiba Bya.
Aho abantu bahuriye n’uburenganzira bwo gukorakoranya
Abantu batunze amazu y’abantu bashobora kubuza abantu guteranira mu gihugu cyabo, ariko ubusanzwe usanga ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, hakoreshwa ibikorwa by’imikino.
Itangabutumwa
Ibigenga Kuri Cyangwa ya: Kinini. Intego ni Kuri Emera Ibikorana ya: Umutekano na & Ukuyobora. OYA Byakoreshejwe Kuri Anga i Iburyo:. Ibisabwa, -, na Gufungura Kuri. [[:]] ku i Kuri Bya Ikoraniro na Bya Ishyirahamwe [[: 1] Byasohowe Ikimenyetso OYA Bya ngombwa ya:. ([[:]] Birenzeho Kuva: i [[:]]]]
Ibirego ku gihe, aho biherereye n’aho abantu bahuriye
Ubutegetsi bushobora gushyiraho “igihe, umwanya, n'uburyo bwo gukora n'ibibazo byabwo, urugero: imyiyerekano y'ijoro igabanya urwamo, cyangwa kwirukana imyidagaduro ku ishuri mu gihe cy'isuzuma. Ariko kandi, izo nzitizo zigomba kuba ari impamyabumenyi yo gushyikirana n'ibiciririzo by'ingenzi, kandi zigaha utubango dutandukanye. Imyifatire igamije kugabanya ubutumwa bw'iteraniro nta cyo itwaye.
Urugamba ku Butegetsi
, OYA., A Ishinga Kuri Kurinda Kuva: -. UMWIKUBE, Bya Abitabiriye, Cyangwa i Koresha Bya Kuri i Iburyo: Kuri. [[:]] Ibikorana ku i By' amategeko ya: in i. ([:]]]
Ibibazo bifitanye isano n’uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe
N’ubwo mu rwego rw’amategeko hakoreshwa uburinzi bukomeye, uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe buhanganye n’ibibazo byinshi by’ingirakamaro.
Imipaka Ishingiye ku Butegetsi no Kwemerera Abantu Kwihakana
Rimwe na rimwe, abategetsi bashyiraho inzitizi zigamije guca intege amateraniro. Ingero zikubiyemo kubasaba ko ubwishingizi bw’ubwishingizi bukabije, guhaha amabwiriza amezi menshi mbere y’igihe, cyangwa guhakana impapuro zirebana n’amakoraniro arwanya politiki ya leta. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, amakoraniro abuzanywa burundu ku “nshinga z’umutekano mpuzamahanga. Akenshi ibyo bikorwa binyuranya n’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Urugomo rw’abapolisi n’imbaraga zikabije
Birashoboka ko ikintu kigaragara cyane gishobora guteza akaga uburenganzira bw'isosiyete, ari ugukoresha ingufu mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. Amasasu, za radi, impuzu z’amazi, n’ibirego by'ibirego byakoreshejwe ku bantu b’abanyamahoro — nk’uko bigaragazwa mu gihe cy'imyitotozo ya 202020 Black Libex Conficing na imyitotozo ya 2019 Hong Kong. Nubwo mu gihe abantu biyemera nta ruhare, abapolisi bashobora gufata abantu benshi, gufungwa igihe kirekire, cyangwa gufatwa kugirirwa nabi ku mubiri.
Imyifatire ya rubanda n'ibitangazamakuru
Ibitangazamakuru bishobora kugaragaza ko amakoraniro amwe n’amwe ari ay'ibigande cyangwa ateye akaga, ndetse n'iyo ari ay'amahoro. Kuvuga nabi abantu, bishobora gutuma abitabiriye mu ibyiciro birushaho gukozwa n'abantu bose, na ko iyo abyigomeke bifatwa nk'ibibi, bishobora gushyigikira ibikorwa bikaze.
Iterambere mu bya tekiniki no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo
i & Y' imibare, Leta Bya Igitunganya... na Abitabiriye ni A. ku na Ibijyanye n' imyitwarire Ibitangazamakuru Kuri Abantu Kuva:. Ikiranga Gicurasi na ku Abategetsi A “Intego" i Kigenga Bya Isosiyeti. [: 0% S] [[:] Ibikoresho Kuri Intego: [[:]
Ibyago by’Ibyago n’Imbaraga
Nubwo mu gihe Leta i OYA, Amakoraniro ku Amatsinda., i Leta Kuri Kurinda Byombi i Umwimerere Ikoraniro na — Nka Byose. Kuri Umutekano Gutegeka Gukusanya Kuri Kureka Ibyabaye, i Iburyo:.
Bya i Kuri in Igikorwa
Amakoraniro y’isi arangwa n’ubutware, agaragaza ko iryo rengane rifite imbaraga n’uburinzi.
Abagore bagenze ku mpanguriro (2017)
Ku itariki ya 21 Mutarama 2017, nyuma y'aho perezida wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika yimikiwe, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bateraniye i Washington D.C. n’imijyi yo ku isi hose ku bw’impamyabumenyi y’abagore. Iryo koraniro rinini ryari rimwe mu matorero akomeye y’imyidagaduro y'umunsi umwe mu mateka y’Abanyamerika. Ryagaragaje ubushobozi bw'imyidagaduro ishinzwe guhuriza hamwe kugira ngo ihuze inzego zire ibibazo birebana n’uburemerere, uburenganzira bwo kubyara ishobo, n’ubutabera bw’inzego. Nanone kandi, urwo rugendo rwagiyemo imbaraga zigaragara.
Imyifatire y’abantu birabura Igira icyo Ihindura (2020)
Igandagura rya George Floyd in 2020, in Byose 50 na in Birenga 60., Ubwicanyi, 15- 2626). Abateranye bari bishyizemo. OYA ya: Ingano:, yasabye ko abapolisi bahindura imikorere. i Bya, Times Bya, na, Abategetsi bakoreshwaga gushyigikira ubupolisi buremereye, i Koresha ry'amategeko. Itsinda ry'ubupolisi bwa hafi na Ishyirahamwe ryihuta ku isosiyete y'ingirwabuhanga.
Imvura igwa mu mwaka wa (209)
Impanuka y'ikirere yakozwe n'umubyibuho wa Suède Greta Thunberg, abanyeshuri n’abantu bakuru bo ku isi hose bavuye mu ishuri kandi bakora ku wa Gatanu ku ibyiciro bya Gatanu kugira ngo bagire icyo bakora ku bihereranye n'ihinduka ry'ikirere. Igitero cy'isi yose cyateye abantu bagera kuri miriyoni 7,6 mu bihugu birenga 150. Ayo makoraniro yari azwi cyane kubera ko yari afite gahunda y'ubusore n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bashyire hamwe n'ibirongozi mu mipaka y'amajyambere. Ibyo byibandeke byateye irari ryo kurushaho, kandi byagize uruhare mu by'imyifatizo nyakuri, ariko ingaruka z’uwo mu mishinga ntiziriho, kandi ibigorana mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwiyongera.
Umuhanda wa Wall (2011)
Ishyirahamwe ryatangiye mu muhanda wa Wall Street i New York City, ryatangiye ari nka kambi nto mu mugi wa Zuccotti ho guhinyura ubusumbane mu by'ubukungu n'igambiriye z'amashyirahamwe y'inzego za politiki. Ishyirahamwe ryakwirakwijwe mu mijyi ibarirwa mu magana yo hirya no hino ku isi, rikoresha umwanya wa rusange nka amwe n'ikimenyetso. Nubwo inzego z'imijyirugu yakoreshagano y'amategeko n'amategeko y'ubuzima bw'abantu bose, ntizageze kugera ku ntego zabyo zigamije kugabanya ubusumbane, ryatumye “99%. 1% .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Hong Kong
20- 2020 in in in Kuri Bya Byanzwe Abayobozi Kuri Kubaza... i Bya in. A Igenda ryagutse ya: na. Kuri Kubuza isura (Kuri irangamimerere), ku ikoresha Utuzuruzo na Ikindi., Bya na i Bya A Umutekano in 2020,, Ikoraniro. Leta Igikorwa ATARIIGIHARWE - Kinini.
Umwanzuro: Turwana intambara turwana tugamije uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe
Uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe bukomeza kuba ubufite ubuzima, buhagaritswe n'amategeko, kandi bushingiye ku cyifuzo cya politiki, igishyigikiro cya rubanda, n'impamyabumenyi. Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rigenda rihindura indi bikoresho bishya bigenga, ibyifuzo bihabanye n'ubutware bigomba gushyirwaho, bizarushaho kuba bihanitse. Icyo gihe, icyifuzo cy’abantu cyo gukoranya, kuvugana, na kuyubaka umuryango w’abantu, ntibihungabana. Amateka y'uburenganzira bw'uburenganzira bwihariye ni kimwe n'ubwihite: kuva mu tubiri mu mujyi kugeza ku bice, ku baguruka ku bandika mu buryo bwinyandiko. Kurindamukanwa.