Imyifatire yo Guhanga: Gusobanukirwa icyo Amategeko Asobanura

[[: 0% S] ni A Uburyo Bya i Umwandiko Bya i ku i Igisobanuro Ku i Igihe i “mwimerere” Bya i Cyangwa i“~Umwimerere public Igisobanuro” Byafashwe ku i. in Inyuranyamigaragarire Kuri i, Kuri Ihuzagihe Ibisobanuro Kuri Uduciro na.

i Inkomoko y'umwimerere wa none ikurikiranye i Bya i, Ryari: Attorney General Edwin Meese III na Mucamanza Antonin Scalia, babyiyemeje nk'itangira ku macapa. Scalia, mu buryo bwihariye, yatangaje ko abacamanza bagomba kuba “abagaragu bizerwa b'ibya mbere na mbere", aho kuba“ abahinguri b'amategeko mashya.” mpuzamwanya mu by'amategeko yakirango yakirandukiye ku mpuzandero nka Robert Bork, Randy Barnett, na Michael McConnell.

Abashyigikira inyigisho y’umwimerere bavuga ko iyo umuntu ashingiye ku gitekerezo cy’umwimerere, gishobora gutuma amenya niba ashyikirana, kandi agakurikiza ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi: niba ibisobanuro by’Ishingiro ry'Amateka bihinduka ku bitekerezo by’abacamanza benshi, iyo nyandiko itakaza ubutware bwayo bw’intangiriro. Icyakora, abajora Bibiliya bavuga ko yirengagiza imiterere y’umuryango w’abantu igenda ihinduka, ishobora gutuma habaho ingaruka zirangwa n’akarengane, kandi akenshi igakoreshwa mu buryo buhitiwemo. Nubwo izo nyihisi y’umwimerere ikomeza iz’idini rishobora gukomeza inzego zigenga uburenganzira bw’abaturanyi batsindi, cyane cyane mu bihereranye n’uburenganzira bw’idini.

Icyo bisobanura mu buryo bw’umwimerere

A Urufunguzo in ~Umwimerere ni i Injyakuzimu hagati “inkomoko” (i Umwandiko i) na“Inkomoko Igisobanuro” (ku i Bya) (i ku i Umwandiko Kuri Impuzandengo). Scalia yari a garagaza cyane mu gushyigikira i, i“intego y'ibanze” Bya A Bya na., i“cya public Igisobanuro nya(-"" Kuva: Inkoranyamagambo, Ikoresha:, na Imvugiro -." ya: ~Umwimerere Abacamanza, Gicurasi in ibyifuzo by'umwimerere, Ryari: Kuri i Uburyo.

Uburenganzira bw’Amadini mu Ishingiro ry’Amateka: Umwandiko n’Amateka

Ivugurura rya Mbere ry’Impinga Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga bw’Ikiremwamuntu, ritanga uburinzi bubiri bw’ingenzi ku birebana n’idini:

  • [[: 0% S]Ishyirwaho:[[[-1]] "Nta mategeko arebana n'ishyirwaho ry'idini." iyi ntangiriro i Kuva: By' amategeko Ishinga Cyangwa A Idini.
  • [[: 0% S] i [[[1]] “Cyangwa i Kigenga.” iyi tagisi i Uburenganzira bw'umuntu umwe na Amatsinda Kuri Gushyira mu bikorwa idini rye kidakora.

Icyakora, ibisobanuro nyakuri by’iryo shyirahamwe (-) n’uburyo bwo kurihuza n’imyitozo ya kiliziya, byamaze ibinyejana birenga bibiri birwanijwe mu buryo bukomeye.

, Kuva: Kuva: Kuva:, na Kuva: Bya i Bya i Bya i Bya i Bya i, i Bya i, i Bya i. i Bya i, Bya i.

Imyifatire y'umwimerere ku bihereranye n'Amahitamo y'idini: Amahame na Porogaramu

Soma i: i Bya A Cyangwa i Bya Rimwe Bya KURI, OYA A Kuva: public Ubuzima. in [[: 0% S]] v. < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < < < < / > < > < > < < > < < > < < > < < > < < > < < / > < / > < < < / > < < < < > < / > < < / > < < < / > < < < < < / > < < / > < < < < < / > < < < < / > < < / > < < < < < / > < < / > < < > < < < > < > < < > < > < > < > < < < > < < < < <

, A Bya ku Kigenga. ku in [: 0% S] OYA i A () nyaMbere Ryari: ni. iyi, Gicurasi Bya ngombwa Kuri Na: Leta i Amadini Cyangwa ni ku. iyi i, i ~Umwimerere Icyabitswe Kuri Kurema i Iburyo: Kuri A Iburyo: Kuri Kurema.

Inzandiko z’ingenzi zigaragaza ibitekerezo bya kera

[[: 0% S][[:], in i Imvugiro:

  • [[:] v '. Bya [[:] [[:]] [[: 3.] i Byashyizweho A Reba Bya i (Igihugu ya: Kuri A]), ku Ibaruwa: na i Urutonde Bya. ya: Urutonde, i OYA Kuri Kuri.
  • [[:][:] v. [:] 1. [:] [: 3] Igerageza (A Intego, A INGARUKA, na Oya ku < > < / > Nka A Na: Oya Ishingiro in i ~Umwimerere Igisobanuro. in [:] v. < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / >, i Igerageza Bya "Bya nka A Bya < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / < / > < / < = "- > < / > < / < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < < < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < < < < < > <
  • [[:][:] Bya v.[:] (:[: 3] i Bya Gufungura% S Na: A, i Birebire Urutonde Bya., ku na, ku na, A Bisanzwe Uburyo.
  • [[:][:] [[[:] [[:] [)] (():[[: 3] A Leta Porogaramu A Kuri A Kuri i i Kuri i i Uwandikiwe Bya Imimerere. [i" A Na: Imizi Njyakuzimu.
  • [[:][:][:] ku i imvugo Bya Kuri i. nka na Bya Kigenga, Kigenga, na i Bya imvugo.

Imyifatire y’abahanga mu by’idini: Inyandiko, amateka n’imigenzo

Byose ku Kuri Gushyiraho ~Umwimerere Igisobanuro Kuri., nka, ya: A Birenzeho Irinda Bya Kigenga, [[: 0% S]] [[: 1] na i ~Umwimerere Bya i A Kinini Iburyo: Kuri Igabanya., nka ku Inshingano [:] [:] [:] [:] in nka [:]]. Bya [:] V [:], i ku Inshingano Kuri., Kuri Kuri i., ikoresha Ikindi ~Umwimerere, Kuri Bigyanye i.

Ibibazo by’Ubwigenge bw’Idini

Imyifatire y'umwimerere ivugwaho neza mu gihe ikoreshwa ku birebana n'umudendezo w'idini. Mbere na mbere, abajora bashinja imyizerere y'umwimerere ko ibuzanya cyane: ishobora kunanirwa kurinda amadini y'intica ntirigeze na rimwe abaturage bakwitega, nka Isilamu, Abahindu, Cyangwa imyizerere y'igihagararo. igisobanuro cy'umwimerere cya “idini” in i Bya 1790, byanze bikunze kuba byarerekeje ku myizerere, bivyura ibibazo ku birebana n'uko inyigisho y'umwimerere ishobora kurinda uburenganzira bw'abantu cyangwa amadini adahuje n’idini.

Icya kabiri, Inyigisho y' ~Umwimerere ijya kunyurana n'imyifatire ya none. Urugero:, NIBA i Gushyiraho Claus mu Itangiriro ajya mu rwego rw'isi yose, Hanyuma - mu rwego rwa rusange isengesho risengwa n'umwimerere, ni ukuvuga (A Ibirindiro: Abaturage benshi barwanya. Abahanga mu by'umwimerere bumva ko kuba bagendera ku gisobanuro cy'umwimerere ari ngombwa, nubwo i Inyandiko Mpangikanyo ari itemewe, OYA ingwangwa.

, i Byabayeho ni innyuranyo. ku idini na Leta. Urugero, ya:, Icyo ari cyo cyose Ifashisha Ifashi ya Leta ya: Idini, Ikindi. Koresha Bya Urutonde Ibanga ry' ibanze. H.

, ishyira mu mwanya w'umwimerere muri leta ya none, ni imyitwarire y'imbonerahamwe. Amategeko menshi adakurikizwa arebana n'amategeko y'idini muri iki gihe, amategeko agenga akazi, amabwiriza agenga ubuzima n'imyitwaramo. ()

Ingero hagati y’Ubwihindurize n’Ubuhanga bwo Muri Iki Gihe

, ni i. Inkiko zikurikiza uburyo bwa gihanga bwashyizweho n'amategeko, ziyihuza n'ibindi bikoresho, nka, imyandiko y' inyandiko, na A Birenga ya: Bya inzego z'amategeko y'idini. () Bya 1993, igarura ihame ry'ubwihisho ryashyizweho rya ya mategeko y'ubwihisho, ryashyigikiwe na bombi abashinga amategeko y'ikirenga, na, na itsinda ry'inkunga rya demokarate.

Imyifatire y’umwimerere ntibuza abantu kurinda amadini y’intiti. Ivugurura rya Mbere ubwaryo, rishingiye ku mwandiko woroheje, ribuzanya amategeko “agenga ibikorwa byo kutagira ubwigenge” by’idini(a).

Umudendezo wo mu Budini n’Inzira Biza Imbere

Uko umuryango w'Abanyamerika ugenda urushaho kwiyongera, ni na ko ikibazo cy'ukuntu warinda umudendezo w’idini mu gihe dukomeza amahoro y'abenegihugu kirushaho kwihuta. Imyifatire y'umwihariko itanga uburyo bumwe bwo gushimangira izo mpaka mu mwandiko wemewe n'amategeko, ariko si bwo bwonyine. Abigisha, intiti z'amategeko, n’abanyeshuri, bagomba gusobanukirwa imbaraga zaryo n'aho rigarukira. Kwiga mu mategeko y'ibanze bisaba kunyuranya n'amateka, umwandiko, n'uburyo buvuguruzamo uburyo bwo gucengeza umudatsi wa mbere mu gihugu gihinduka.

Niba wifuza gusoma ibindi bisobanuro, reka dusuzume ibi bikurikira:

  • [[: 0% S]Impuzandengo y'amategeko Ishyirahamwe - By' ibanze[[:]
  • [[: 0% S] - in[[[1]
  • [[: 0% S]SCOUSROGY - v. Philadelfia [[[:]
  • [[: 0]ABC News – Justice Scalia’Sclia’s progress progress progress [[[: 1]]

Igisoza

Uburyo bwa gihanga, bw' amahame mbwirizamuco ya: Ingero z'idini i Inyandiko z'Ishingiro. Kubyutsa Kuri i ~Umwimerere i Umwandiko, abahanga mu by' itangiriro biyemeje kuzigama uburenganzira bwa demokarasi bwa imbitso na kubuza ab'ibyamwanda gushyiraho amategeko mu rwego rwa rusanzwe, na kugena amahame yabo bwite. mu nzego z'idini, iyi gahunda yatumye haba uburinzi bukomeye bwa kiliziya ya kimuntu wa kiyahuti.

Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo ni iby’ingenzi cyane ku muntu wese wize uruhare rw’idini muri Amerika.