ni i Bya A. Na: i,, na Kuri in Ubuzima, Kuva: na Kuri Gusaba Kuri ITSINDA RY' imibare IMIBARE C. Igihe cyuzuye Na: Ibisobanuro:, Ibitangazamakuru Bihindura Imyifatire Rutura Ku Umuvuduko na Gupima, i Kuri Na: Ibitangazamakuru ni Oya Bitari ngombwa. ni A Ibitangazamakuru, Ryari: Byakoreshejwe, ni igikoresho cy'ibanze cyo kubaka ibijyanye n' imibare.

Impamvu kumenya gusoma no kwandika ari iby’ingenzi kurusha ikindi gihe cyose

Imiryango y'ubuzima y'ibiro by'umuryango wa demokarasi ishingiye ku bushobozi bw'abaturage babo bwo kugira amahitamo ashingiye ku bumenyi, gutuma abayobozi bagira icyo babaza, kandi bagafatanya mu macakubiri. Ubushakashatsi buri gihe bugaragaza ko mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane rw'ubumenyi bw'ihuriro, bihuza n'ibice byinshi bya politiki, bihanganira ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya, no kwizera ko mu miryango iharanira demokarasi. Icyakora, mu bihugu byinshi, abantu bamenya gusoma no kwandika. Ivyigwa byakozwe na Annenberg Public Policy Center bigaragaza ko abantu bakuru bo muri Amerika bashobora kuvuga ko ari bo amashami atatu ya leta, na benshi ntibashobora kumenya abahagarariye ayo mato.

, i Ibisobanuro: ITSINDA RY' IMIBARE C Birenzeho. Bya,, na Mvamahanga, public in Ibitangazamakuru na. . i Kuri Suzuma,, na Ibitangazamakuru Imisusire- shusho Kuri. i Bya Ibitangazamakuru OYA A Biboneye - Kuri - By' ibanze Byihutirwa.

Kumenya gusoma no kwandika: Irebere mu buryo bwimbitse

Kuba umuntu azi gusoma no kwandika ntibigarukira gusa ku gufata mu mutwe amazu ya leta, ahubwo bikubiyemo ihuriro ry’imyidagaduro y’irushanwa:

  • [[: 0% S] Bya [[:] - -, i Imimaro Bya i, Bya, na i na Imyanya Bya.
  • [[: 0% S] na [[: 1] - Kuri Ikibazo, Bijyanye n' inyurabwenge, na hagati NYACYO na.
  • [[: 0% S] Itumanaho [[[:] - - Igaragaza neza,, na in Na:.
  • [[: 0% S][[:] - < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < / > < Urwego: = "-" > < / > < / > < / > < = "- < / > < / > < / > < = "-" > < / > < / > < / > < / > < = < / > < / > < < = < / > < / > < = < = < / > < < < = < < = < < < = < / >]] < / > < / > < < < < = < < < = < = < = < >]]]]] < = < = < = < = < = < / >] < = < = < / >]] < < < >]]] < = < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < < < < < >

Na: buri Bya. Raporo ku Bijyanye na politiki; Ibitangazamakuru Inturo:; Amakuru Amakuru; Amatsinda, Ibishushanyo, na Amashusho ya: Inkoresha:., Ibitangazamakuru Amakuru:,,, na Ibigize., Gushyiramo in Ibitangazamakuru, i Kuri, i Suzuma, Kurema, na ikoresha Byose Amakuru.

Uruhare rw’ibinyamakuru mu Buzima

Ibinyamakuru byagiye biba umuyoboro w’amakuru agenewe amakuru agenga leta, uhereye ku dutabo twanditswe mu gihe cy’Ivugurura ryo muri Amerika, ukageza kuri televiziyo, ibyo gukwirakwiza iby’imyigaragambyo zishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abantu.

Ibitangazamakuru bya kera: na n’ubu biracyafite akamaro

Ibinyamakuru, radiyo na televiziyo bisigaye ari ibintu by'ingenzi by'ingenzi by'ingenzi by' amakuru yagenzuwe ku bantu benshi.

NYACUMI: -

Ibitangazamakuru,, na kiri kuri interineti Amakuru Emera ya: Bya Ibisobanuro: na. Gushoboza, Nka in nka # na. Ibitangazamakuru. KURI, Cyangwa Ibikubiyemo. Kuri Kubuganya Na: na.

Ibitangazamakuru: Kwemeza na Kuvuga inkuru

,, Ibishushanyo, na - Imfuruka Videwo... (,) Ibikoresho ya:. Ibitangazamakuru bitanga ibyifuzo n'ibyiyumvo bihanitse, na Biturutse Cyangwa. Kuri i.

: na

Bya Gishya. Ubwoko Kugaragara A Nta na rimwe; - Amakuru Ku Gupima. in i Kuri & Gutahura Ibitangazamakuru, ya:, na ya: Ibonerana in Ibikubiyemo.

Imyitozo yo kwitoza ubuhanga bwo kumenya gusoma no kwandika binyuriye mu binyamakuru

Inyigisho nziza zitangwa n'imyitozo y'ifasi ntizipfa kwizana.

Jya wigisha abantu kwitegereza ibinyamakuru mu buryo bwihuse binyuriye ku mirimo y’ifatizo

ni i Bya Ibitangazamakuru. Bya Kuri Ibitangazamakuru, Kuri. A ni i [: 0% S] 5 Bya [[: 1] Kuva: i ya::

  • Ni nde waremye ubwo butumwa?
  • Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kurema bukoreshwa kugira ngo nshobore kureba ibintu?
  • Ni gute abantu batandukanye bashobora gusobanukirwa ubwo butumwa mu buryo butandukanye?
  • Ni ayahe mahame arebana n’imibereho n’ibitekerezo bigaragazwa n’abantu cyangwa bisimbuwe?
  • Kuki ubwo butumwa burimo bwoherezwa?

Kuri Amakuru, Ishyirahamwe Ibitangazamakuru,, na ATARIIGIHARWE. Ibikoresho nka i [: 0% S] [[: 1], Kigenga ku, Kanda Igenzura, na. ku Gufungura Igikubo Amasimbuka Kuri Gusuzuma:, A Kuri Inkomoko.

2 Mu gihe ibintu biriho ubu bibaye, mugira uruhare mu gutuma ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bwihuse

ni ya:,,. Nka [[: 0% S] [[: 1], [[:] [[:]] [[:] [, Byombi Bya Itangwa?, Hanyuma Mbere A. Imirebere -, na -.

KIGEZWEHO Ibyabaye Kuva: A Urutonde Bya. Kuri in Kuva: Bya i na Kugereranya#. i Icyabaye ni ku nka,, na. nka: [[: 0% S]]] "ni i? ni?? Igaragaza ry' ingirakamaro ni Ibuze?"[:]

3. Televiziyo ya:

ni OYA ya: - ni A ya: na Igikorwa. Kurema Ibitangazamakuru Kuri Kuri. Urugero::

  • [[: 0% S] A [[: 1] A Bya hafi Itegeko,, na.
  • [[: 0% S] A Ibijyanye n' imyitwarire Ibitangazamakuru [[: 1] Kuri Kubyutsa impuza Bigyanye Ukwiyandikisha, Ibigenga Igikorwa, Cyangwa Bijyanye n' igaragiriro.
  • [[: 0% S] na Tangaza [[[: 1] Ibitangazamakuru Bya A Ikibazo na.
  • [[0 Cyangwa Ibyatanzwe [1.] ikoresha Ibikoresho nka Cyangwa Kuri ITSINDA RY'IMIBARE C (G. g., a, i Bya).

nka [[: 0% S][[: 1] ku KIGEZWEHO Ibyabaye Na: - na. - [:] [[:] Biganira Imikino na, Nka A Cyangwa A.

4. - Na:

Isezerano ryihariye rikorwa iyo abanyeshuri bagiye inyuma y'amasomero bakajya kubana n'umuryango wabo. Imikoro y'imyitozo ishinzwe () aho abanyeshuri bamenya ikibazo cy'ifasi y'aho iwanyu (nk'uburinzi bw'ibifungurwa, imodoka, cyangwa amagara mazima) n'ikoresha itangazamakuru mu bushakashatsi, mu gushyikirana, no mu gushyigikira. Amataruka akubiyemo:

  1. Jya umenya ko abantu bakeneye gukorerwamo ubushakashatsi cyangwa ibibazo bireba abayobozi b’aho.
  2. Jya ukora ubushakashatsi ukoresheje inyandiko zihuje n’ukuri, harimo amakuru ya leta, raporo z’ibinyamakuru n’andi mafaranga.
  3. Jya ushyiraho inyandiko ivuga ibyo byagezweho n’ibigezweho, cyangwa ijyanama y'ishyirahamwe ryihariye.
  4. Mujye mugeza uwo murimo ku bashinzwe kugenzura (mu mishinga y’umujyi, ku biro by’abayobozi b’amasomo, ku muryango w’umuryango).

Mu mishinga myiza yakozwe harimo n’abanyeshuri bakoze filimi ivuga iby’amazi yo mu karere k’iwabo, bakayageza mu nama y’umugi, cyangwa se bagashyiraho umwarimu uyobora amatora ya leta yatanzwe mu bubiko bw’ibitabo bwa leta.

5 Ibisobanuro Na ku

Kubera ko amakuru yo kuri interineti yuzuyemo ibinyoma, ni ngombwa ko ukoresha ubushakashatsi bwiganywe ku bihereranye n’ibitekerezo bikocamye, cyangwa amayeri.

  • Inkomoko:
  • Ese ibyo bihamya bishingiye ku makuru, ku buhamya bw’abahanga mu by’amateka cyangwa ku makosa?
  • Mbese, ibyo bintu byagiye bigenzurwa n’imiryango yigenga, urugero nka Snopes, FactCheck.org, cyangwa Politifact?
  • Mbese, ibyo bituma umuntu ashavura cyangwa agatinya kwirengagiza ibitekerezo byo kunenga abandi?

“Amakuru” A Bya na na Koresha na - Kuri. ATARIIGIHARWE - Gusangira Bya Sibyo Ibisobanuro: Kuri i; Nshingwabikorwa Bigenzuwe Mbere Gusangiza.

6. Irema rikoreshwa mu mikorere y’ibihangano by’inyandiko z’inzobere

Kwifatanya mu ikoranabuhanga muri demokarasi bikubiyemo gutanga ibitekerezo byawe biturutse mu bitangazamakuru. Gutera abanyeshuri inkunga yo kwandikira umuhinduzi w'inyandiko, inyandiko z'amakuru mu rubuga ku materaniro ya leta, cyangwa tangira imyanya y' amakuru yo mu gace k'iwanyu. Abakiri bato, bashyiraho ibitabo by'ingero birebana n'amashusho, nka Cyangwa Serivisi., kugenera abageze mu za bukuru inyandiko aho bagomba kuba bari, ku imyanya y'ikigamiriro na Inyuma na Bijyanye n'ibihamya.

7 Na

: na "" Kwigisha ubumenyi bw' amategeko mu buryo bwihishe. Abageze mu za bukuru, i Umurimo w'Umuryango w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, na i, na i, na

Tumenye neza ubuhanga bwo kumenya gusoma no kwandika

Igikubo -., Koresha - & Ku isi Ibikorwa. i:

Ibikorwa

Abigishwa bagomba gukora imirimo irebana n’ibinyamakuru, maze bakajya mu mateka y’igihugu.

  • Ukurikije ingingo zo mu itangazamakuru n’inzego zihuza amakuru kuri iyo ngingo, wandikire muri make urebe niba imyizerere yabo ari iyo kwiringirwa, ko batemeranya n’abandi kandi bagakoresha ibimenyetso.
  • Jya ukora videwo y'urusobe rumwe, ishusha urungano kugira ngo ruvote mu matora yegereje, ikubiyemo n’ibintu bibiri byizewe.
  • Andika ibaruwa umwandiko ugenewe umutegetsi watoranyijwe ushyigikira ihinduka rya politiki, utanga ibisobanuro bitangwa n’ibinyamakuru byinshi.

na

Indangabintu z'ibinyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru, n'ibinyamakuru bishya, basaba wandika uko basobanukiwe ikibazo cyakomotse ku muyoboro wa leta uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ibyo bashingiyeho, n'uko bafitanye imitekerereze itandukanye.

Ibiganiro

Mu gihe muganira n’abana, mujye musuzuma ubushobozi bwabo:

  • Ibirimo itangazo bitangwa n’ibyavuzwe n’itangazamakuru ryizera.
  • Jya wemera ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya kandi ubyitabire mu buryo burangwa no kubaha.
  • Mubaze ibibazo bituma murushaho kuganira neza.
  • Tekereza ku bitekerezo byabo bwite byo kwinenga cyangwa ibitekerezo byabo.

Comment= Ibisubizo by' isuzuma bitsindanwa ku. A Byoroheje Gupima ya:, na Gufasha abanyeshuri kuranga imbaraga na i Aho bakwirakwira.

Uko twatsinda ibibazo abantu benshi bahura na byo

Gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo kwigisha gusoma no kwandika mu rwego rwo hejuru, ni OYA inkingingiriko.

[[: 0% S]: [[:] -.:, in Urutonde Urwego:, na; in; in, Suzuma in Bigyanye Itegeko.

[[: 0% S]: [[: 1] - Gicurasi Ryari: KIGEZWEHO Ibyabaye.: Gusiba, igaragazarikeye ku imyanya, na Na: na Bigyanye i. nka “Abantu... Ibindi...” i ni OYA Kuri Guhindura... Kuri Ibyangombwa.

[[: 0% S]: Gugabanya [[:] - Byose bingana Kuri.: Ntibicometse kuri interineti Ryari:. Amakopi Bya ya:; Koresha Itsinda Akazi Gusangiza Amapareye; Na: Bya hafi Amasomero Cyangwa Kuri Nyuma -. ya: in - Urwego.

[[: 0% S]: < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < < > < < > < > < < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

Gusoza: A

in A Ibitangazamakuru - nyinjiriro ni OYA A Rimwe - Igice:; ni A. Ibitangazamakuru,,, na Ku Byose Intera, Twebwe OYA,, na. in iyi Ingingo $() Kuva: Kuri Imishinga < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < >

, i ni OYA Kuri i Bya Ikigo cya demokarasi. Suzuma Ibisobanuro:, Ibinyuranyo mu buryo bwiyubashye, na Igikorwa, biteguye Kuri Ibigenga na. Ibitangazamakuru, Byakoreshejwe, A ya: iyi Akazi. ni Igihe Kuri Na: i na Kuri Koresha buri gikoresho Ku i Byacu.