Table of Contents

Abanyamakuru mu isosiyete y'amategeko aho usanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kurinda butuma bashobora gusohoza uruhare rwabo rw'ingenzi mu muryango. Ibyifuzo byemewe n'amategeko ni iby'ingenzi kugira ngo abantu bakomeze gukoresha neza imashini zicapa kandi bizere ko abantu bashobora kubona amakuru y'ingirakamaro ahereranye n'ibikorwa bya leta, imyifatire ikorerwa mu isosiyete, na ibibazo bishishikaza abantu benshi.

Ishingiro ry’Amateka: Umudendezo wa i

Umudendezo w’ibinyamakuru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ukingirwa n'Impera ya Mbere y'Ishingiro ry'amategeko. Ivugurura rya Mbere ryavuze ko nta tegeko ryagombye gushyirwaho ku bihereranye no gushyiraho idini, cyangwa kubuza abantu kuryikoresha ku buntu; cyangwa kugabanya umudendezo wo kuvuga cyangwa w’ibinyamakuru; cyangwa uburenganzira bw’abantu bwo guteranira hamwe mu mahoro, no gusaba leta ko isubizaho ibibazo by’ibyago.

i Uburenganzira bwo gukorakoranya amakuru n' amakuru ku bandi. Ku gihe cyo gusesanya mu 1791, i Inyandiko zo gusohora zashyizwe ku rupapuro ku madasobwa, ubu ni imiterere yose y'amakuru na, Bya Bijyanye n' imigambi.

Umudendezo w'ibinyamakuru, urinzwe na i, ni ingenzi cyane ku birebana na demokarasi itwara ubutegetsi ari na ko buhora abantu. Itangazamakuru ryikoresha nk'impuruza, igenzura na Raporo ku byaha byakozwe na leta. iyi irebe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibone na kuryozwa mu butegetsi bwa demokarasi.

Akagero k’Umudendezo wo Gutanga Uturo

Bya i Ibitangazamakuru ni i Uburenganzira bwirinzwe Kuri Kohereza Amakuru na Bya Gihinguranya Bya Ibitangazamakuru. Bya i Kanda Gutegeka Cyangwa Ibitangazamakuru, in i Umutekano ukomeye. Uburinzi OYA Kuri i Ibisobanuro, ahubwo na i Amakuru.

Umudendezo w'ibinyamakuru OYA Birinda gusa kuvana mu buryo bwa kiretwa, ariko no mu buryo bwitondewe Amakuru. Rusange, i Ibitangazamakuru bifite uburenganzira bumwe na i na OYA ku bandi Ibanga. Icyakora, abanyamakuru bafite igikundiro mu gihe bageza ku makuru n'ibibazwa byabo, tukaba turi bugenzure mu buryo burambuye.

Ibinyamakuru ntibyemewe n'amategeko bitangwaho uburinzi bunyuranye ugereranyije n'undi muyobozi rusange w'Umuyobozi wa mbere w'Ivugurura. Ibyo bisobanura ko n’ubwo abanyamakuru bafite amategeko agenga umurimo wabo, muri rusange bagengwa n’amategeko amwe n'abaturage basanzwe. Itandukaniro ry'ibanze rishingiye ku mabwiriza ahariye yashyizweho kugira ngo batangize neza uburenganzira bwo gutanga amakuru.

Ni nde ukwiriye kuba umunyamakuru?

Rimwe mu mpaka zikomeza mu rwego rwo gushakisha uburenganzira bwo gutanga uburenganzira bwo gusohora, zishobora gutuma umuntu akwiza ibisabwa kugira ngo abe umunyamakuru ukwiriye kurinda. Umwandiko w'ibitabo cyangwa abanyamakuru, si wo gusa urebana n'ibitabo by'abahanga cyangwa abanyamakuru, ahubwo ni wo mu rwego rw'ubuhanga.

ya: i Itangira Igihe, ku i Bya ya: i, A ni Kuri i Kigenga Irinda Nka A na ya: i. i, i Ububiko... Byabonetse na Kuri Birinzwe i i i Bya i OYA ku i A, Na: Amakuru, in - Bya -, A, Cyangwa Kuri Kubona Byombi Bya A."

Kurinda Amategeko: Kurinda Isoko Ibanga

Mu mategeko y'amategeko arinda abanyamakuru, harimo amategeko arinda abanyamakuru ko bakwirirwa bahishura imyandikire yabo y’ibanga cyangwa amakuru adasohoka.

Impamvu amategeko yabuzanyijwe yatumaga abantu badakomeza kumvira

: Cyangwa Ibisobanuro: Kuri, Amabwiriza Kuri i Bya Inyabubiri na Kuri i Bya A Kigenga Kanda. ku Kuri i Amakuru, na OYA Gusangiza Cyangwa Ibyangombwa Ibisobanuro in i Bya - -" - Bya -. Uburenganzira..., A public in i Bya Ibisobanuro:.

Abashyigikira amategeko arinda imitwe y’amategeko bavuga ko mu gihe ubutegetsi bukoresha ibice by’ingwate kugira ngo butere ubwoba abanyamakuru, abanyamakuru bagomba kuba bafite uburenganzira bwo kurinda aho bakomoka; mu bundi buryo, ibihamya ku bihereranye na ruswa ya leta hamwe n’ibindi bibazo, bizacibwa cyangwa bisuzumwe, mu by’ukuri, niba atari mu izina.

Amategeko ya Leta

Kuri Bya 2018, 49 na i Bya Gahunda ya Colombiya, bitanga imiterere y'uburinzi (Gpt D. C.) amategeko ashinzwe ingufu. 48 na i Gahunda ya Columbia ifite amategeko ashinzwe kurinda, ariko uburinzi buratandukanye cyane.

Amwe muri ayo mategeko arinda abanyamakuru guhishura imyandiko y’ibanga, ariko ntandi makuru.

na i Bya i Amaseriveri Amategeko atangwa i Ibitangazamakuru Dogere Bya Uburinzi Kuri Abanyamakuru. Amategeko Arinda Gushyingura Bya Ibanga Amakuru, OYA Bya Ibitabo Bitatangajwe. Amategeko Atanga Uburinzi Cyangwa Bya i Ubwoko: Bya (Cyangwa Umugizi wa nabi) Cyangwa i Inshingano Bya i (Cyangwa i).

Amategeko ashinzwe kurinda abaturage

Muri iyi myaka ya vuba aha, habaye amafagitire yo gushyingura amategeko ashinzwe kurinda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika; ariko kandi, nta na kimwe muri ayo mafagitire cyarenze ku Nshinga y'Ikigo. Uko kubura uburinzi bwa Leta, bisobanura ko abanyamakuru bashobora guhatirwa gutanga ubuhamya mu mishinga ya Leta, kandi ko kubura uburinzi bwa gipadiri bwa gipolitiki byateje ibibazo bikomeye ku banyamakuru bakora ku nkuru z’igihugu.

A Byanzwe na vuba aha, Kuri A Itegeko rya Leta ishinzwe kunyuranya na Leta, ni i Bijyanye n' imibare Binyuranye Bya Ibisobanuro:, i Bihuje n' imibare Bya Kuri ku i Interineti ku Abandikiwe..., Nka, Kuri "" amategeko adakuka.

Mu mwaka wa 2019, abanyamakuru 22 nibura bafunzwe mu isoko ry'u Burayi, bitewe no kwanga kwemera ibyo basabaga kumenyekanisha isoko ry'amakuru. Abandi banyamakuru barindwi bafunzwe kandi bagaharurwa ihadabu ku bw’impamvu imwe.

Umwanzuro wafashwe na Branzburg

Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwagize ingaruka ku butunzi bwemewe n'amategeko bw’ibitabo by’umunyamakuru, ni Branzburg v. Hayes. in Branzburg na Hayes (1972), Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta rwafashe umwanzuro w’uko, n’ubwo Ivugurura rya Mbere ririnda imirimo y’abanyamakuru b’abahanga, ntiribaha uburenganzira bwo kwirinda abanyamakuru bakuru bashaka ibisobanuro bifitanye isano n’abagizi ba nabi cyangwa abayobozi b’inama.

Mu Branzburg v. Hayes (1972), i Urukiko rwiyeruye yemeje ko i Kanda ifite uburenganzira bwihariye bwo kwirengagiza ibihamya biyigaragaza mu gihe itanga amakuru.

, i Igitekerezo cy' ivugurura in Bya Ihindura Amategeko. Kuri Stewart, ni Kuri Shakisha amakuru y'ibanga ku banyamakuru NIBA (1) i Ibisobanuro ni Byagombwa Kuri i i, (2) i Gutegeka ni inshinga na (3) Ibisobanuro: Bidashobora kuboneka biturutse ku bundi buryo. Amategeko ya Leta remewe iyi Igerageza.

Imipaka n’Ibyabakemwa Kugira ngo Birinde Amategeko

Hari abacamanza bategetse ko ayo mategeko yagombye gukurikizwa mu buryo budasubirwaho, kandi ko bagomba gukoresha ayo mategeko kugira ngo babuze abantu amakuru menshi.

Munyamakuru ni ngombwa gutanga amakuru y'igikundiro mu gihe ari ay'ingirakamaro na ay'inyandiko na niba atavumburwa ku wundi Inkomoko. Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ivuguruza ryavuye ku Mubumbyi Stewart mu cyemezo cy'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Branzburg v. Hayes.

Mu mimerere imwe na imwe, i Uburenganzira bw' umunyamakuru ni bwo bufatwa nk'uburiganya. Ibyo bishobora kuba igihe umunyamakuru wa mbere yasohoye i Ibisobanuro Cyangwa i i Inkomoko, OYA Ibanga. Rimwe na rimwe amwe mu makuru y' ibanga ashobora gusesa i igikundiro ku birebana n'amakuru. Ibyifuzo bishobora gucibwa mu gihe umunyamakuru na i Inkomoko batashoboye kubona ko imishyikirano bafitanye na yo cyangwa amakuru bahawe na yo ari ibanga.

Ibindi binyuranye, Nka in i Ibisobanuro: i Byashyizwe ahagaragara, ni i Bya ngombwa i Byanzwe. Irengayobora: ishinjanyo in Kuri Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye Kuri.

Irinda abantu kuvuga ko banze Imana

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi cyane bibanzwe n’amategeko, ku banyamakuru, ni itegeko rirebana no gusebya, ryashyizwe mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro uburenganzira bw’abantu bwo kurinda icyubahiro cyabo, kugira ngo abantu batagishishikarira gutanga raporo zishishikaje ku bihereranye n’ibibazo bihangayikishwa na rubanda.

Amabwiriza y’Amafaranga y’Ikinyugunyugu

Urubanza rw'ibyabaye ku rutonde rw’ibivugwaho, rwatumye abanyamakuru barinda abanyamakuru amagambo yo gusenya, ni New York Times Co. Sullivan (1964). Urukiko rwiyemeje ko uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko bwo kuvuga umudendezo n'inyandiko zitangwa ku buntu, bwagera no ku nyandiko y'ibinyoma cyangwa y’inyakuzimu ku bategetsi. Urukiko rwasobanuye ko disikuru y'ibanze yerekeye ubutegetsi n'ibyerekeranye n’ibiro bya ruhame, ari yo ingenzi cyane ku burinda Ivuguruza rya Mbere ry'Impengiriro.

Nk’uko Umucamanza Brennan yabivuze, "ku bihereranye n’ibibazo bya rusange, bigomba kuba bidafite aho bigarukira, bikagira imbaraga na bihurira."

Mu buryo nyabwo, abategetsi n'abanyamakuru bagomba kugaragaza ko umunyamakuru watangazaga amakuru y’ibinyoma afite ubumenyi bw’ibinyoma, avuga ko ari ibinyoma cyangwa ko ari ukuri cyangwa ko ari ibinyoma.

Iyo ngingo igaragaza ko amakosa amwe n'amwe adashobora kwirindwa mu gihe amakuru akusanywa, na ko akaga ko gusenya bishobora gutuma raporo y'ingenzi irebana n’ibibazo bya rutura irushaho kuba mbi.

Ukuri ni nk’igikoresho cyo kurengera

Kuri. A i Ibisobanuro ni nibyo, Bya i Ibisobanuro:. na Tangaza Ibisobanuro: Bya public Bya

Uko umuntu yasubizanya ukuri n’ibitekerezo byabo

Birinzwe Ryari: Cyangwa Icyo wongeraho ku Bya public. Bya, Nka Kuri Bya FACT, Ifishi% S: i Ishingiro Bya A Ishingiro. Kuri in,,, na ku, ni Kuri i Inshingano in Umugabane.

Kuri na

Amategeko atandukanye yo mu mibare ya leta n’iya leta, atuma abanyamakuru hamwe n’abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kubona inyandiko za leta n’ibiro byayo.

Bya ()

Freedom of Information Act yakorewe abanyamakuru na abagize umuryango wa rubanda kugira ngo basabe kohererekana ku nyandiko za Leta. FAIA ishyiraho igitekerezo cy'uko inyandiko za leta zigomba kwerekezwa ku ruhame, na ku kutagira aho zibohera mu buryo bwihariye ku bw'amakuru akurikijwe, ukwigenga, inyandiko z'amategeko, n’ibindi bice by'urusobe.

Nubwo FOIA ireba abanyamakuru n’abaturage basanzwe, abanyamakuru bakunze gukoresha ibisabisho by'iperereza, nk'igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gutanga raporo y'ubushakashatsi. Amategeko asaba ko abashinzwe iby'igihe runaka basubiza ibyo basabye, kandi agatanga uburyo bwo kwihakana ko batajya ku isi. Ibihugu byinshi bifite amategeko nk’ayo arebana n’ibigo bya leta n’ibigo bya leta.

Amateraniro yakiriwe

na Leta Gufungura Amategeko, "Amategeko arenze," Gufungura Kuri i public na i Kanda. Amategeko Ibonerana in - ni Kuri demokarasi. Abanyamakuru Gukina A Inshingano ya ngombwa mu Amateraniro na ku Ibikorwa bya Leta Kuri public.

Amategeko asanzwe akubiyemo ibyiciro binyuranye ya:, Nka,, Cyangwa Umutekano w' igihugu., i Rusange ni in Bya, na i Inteko za leta bikurikiza imikorere Ryari: Kuri i public.

Urukiko ni Kinjira

Ibitangazamakuru na rubanda, muri rusange bafite uburenganzira bwa mbere bwo kwinjira mu rukiko. Uburenganzira bushingiye ku ihame ry'uko imanza za rubanda ari ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kwiringira gahunda y'iby'amategeko na ko abazatanga ibyo yishingikirizaho. Nubwo inkiko zishobora gufunga amabwiriza mu mimerere ishyizweho kugira ngo zirinde inyungu zirebana n'impamvu, nk'uburenganzira bw'umuregwa w'urukiko cyangwa ubw’abahamya, imyandikire irengero igomba gushyirwaho mu buryo buke kandi irengirwa ku bintu runaka byagezweho.

Abanyamakuru na bo bashobora kubona inyandiko z'urukiko, nubwo inyandiko zimwe na zimwe zishobora gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyangwa zigashyirwaho agashakiro ko kurinda inyungu z'ubuturo, ibanga ry'ubucuruzi, cyangwa ibindi bintu byemewe n'amategeko. Icyakora, icyo gishushanyo, gishyigikira ko abantu bose bashobora kubona amacapiro n'ibyanditswe.

Kurinda ku miyoboro idakwiriye n'ibibi

Inzego za kane z'igenzura ritarangwamo imyitwarire y'ubupfapfa, zireba abanyamakuru n'imiryango ishinzwe amakuru. Icyakora, iyo miyoboro y'uburinzi mu binyamakuru, ni yo yashyizwe mu rwego rw'amategeko, kandi ni yo ishyirwa mu mwanya wayo.

Gushaka Amakuru

i Icyemezo cy' Urukiko Rukuru mu Bya 2. (Byavuye mu mwaka wa 08), Gifite irebye mu makuru na A, ATARIIGIHARWE Ryari: i OYA Bya Ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi, i Bya. iyi ni amategeko abuzabuzanya gushakisha Cyangwa gufata ibitangaza Cyangwa amanyandiko, Na: Irenganya rya ya: Umutekano w'igihugu Cyangwa Ryari: ni Impamvu yo kwemera ko umunyamakuru yakoze icyaha.

: i & RMB; Bya i & Game.

Imashini za elegitoroniki n’umutekano

Bya i Umutekano Leta na i Bya Gishya Byateye Gishya Gishya Kuri Ibitangazamakuru. in Bya A, Gyayo Kuri Gishya Kuri Kurinda na, ku Umugereka:, i Uburenganzira Kuri.

i & Y' imibare, Guhangana Gishya in na Ibisobanuro: Kuva:. Amatumanaho, Telefone Ibyabitswe, na & Inyamibare Idosiye Byose Ikivugwaho: Kuri Gihinguranya By' amategeko. Koresha Bishunzwe: na Ikindi Umutekano Kuri Umutekano Ibanga Amatumanaho Na:.

Kuri Telefone Ibyabitswe, Imeli, na Ikindi Ibyuma Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye Kanda. By' amategeko, i Impinduka Bya i Bya Gusiba By' amategeko in Ubuso.

Kurindwa ku bihereranye no kurenga imipaka mbere y’igihe

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwagaragaje ko mbere y’uko hasohoka ibyemezo bibuza abantu gusohora ibitabo, bigomba kuba bidafite ishingiro kandi ko mu gihe bizaba ari ibintu bidasanzwe, ari bwo bwihisho bw’uko ibyo bashinzwe babishyira mu bikorwa.

Imitwe y' Amakuru

Rimwe mu mateka y'amateka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ryasohoye mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Viyetinamu., mu myaka ya 1970, ikinyamakuru cyitwa The New York Times cyasohoye i Pentagon papers — byapanzwe mu buryo bwagutse inyandiko zihishura ko leta ya Leta yayobeje abantu ku bihereranye n'intambara. Umukuru w'igihugu Nixon yagerageje guhagarika igazeti, irebana n'umutekano w'igihugu. Abantu bose bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwategetse 6-123 bashyigikiye i Times, bemeza ko n’ibintu byimpungengenge byashoboraga gusohora mu gihe byabaga byagenewe abantu bose.

Umwanzuro wafashwe n’i Pentagons wari ufite agaciro mu buryo bwihariye, kubera ko wagaragaje ko urwo rukiko rwari rwiteguye kurinda umudendezo w’ibinyamakuru kugira ngo utabarengereho n’umuyobozi w’igihugu wavugaga ko igihugu cyabo gifite umutekano.

Uwo mucamanza wagaragaje ko nubwo muri rusange ubutegetsi budashobora kubuza abantu gusohora ibitabo, hari igihe abanyamakuru bashobora kuba bacyafite uburenganzira bwo gukosorwa mu gihe barangije gusohora igitabo, ibyo bikaba bituma habaho amategeko atoroshye, aho abanyamakuru bagombye kwitegereza ukuntu abantu bashishikazwa no guhishura ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’amategeko.

Indwara n’Umudendezo wo Gutanga Uturorero

Abanyamakuru bahangana n'i - ya: Kuri i Kanda in i. Leta yatangiye ku, in Itondekanya Kuri Gushaka. Bya Ibisobanuro: Kuri ya: Kanda, Nka Kuva: Imbere Na: Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye.

Amahane hagati Umutekano w' igihugu na i Iburyo: Kuri in IMYAKA. ya: Gutangaza Ibisobanuro:, i Bya ku. i By' ingirakamaro Bya Amategeko na Ikindi.

Uko abantu bo mu rwego mpuzamahanga babona ibirebana n’umudendezo ukoreshwa mu rwego rwo hejuru

iyi Ingingo ku By'amategeko i, Kanda Irinda ku isi hose. Bya: "i Uburenganzira Kuri Bya na imvugo; iyi Uburenganzira Kuri Gufata, na Kuri, Akira, na Gihinguranya Icyo ari cyo cyose Ibitangazamakuru Bya".

Ibihugu bitandukanye byafashe uburyo butandukanye bwo kurinda umudendezo w'ibinyamakuru, uhereye ku nyandiko shingiro ry'amategeko, ibyemezo by'amategeko bigenga amahame asanzwe agenga amategeko. Gusobanukirwa iyo mikorere mpuzamahanga bishobora gutuma tubona imimerere y'ingirakamaro irebana n'uburinzi bw’ibinyamakuru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika no kumenya aho umuntu ashobora kugirira iterambere.

Ibibazo n’ibikehwa

"Gukusanya" in i

, Bya, ni i Bya na. Bya, Ibitangazamakuru, na Indangabintu i Bya Nka A Kuri By' amategeko. Inkiko Gutangiza Bya Imimerere, Kugaragaza... "" in Gicurasi - Amakuru Amakuru.

Insobanuro By' ingirakamaro. Amategeko na Ikindi Uburinzi Kuri, Gicurasi OYA Kurinda i Cyuzuye Urutonde Bya Amakuru in i Bigezweho Ibitangazamakuru. i Ikindi, "" Kuri OYA in.

Jya ushyira mu gaciro ku birebana n’umudendezo utangwa na virusi

Umudendezo ugomba gushyirwa ku rutonde mu bintu by’ingenzi, urugero nk’umutekano w’igihugu, uburenganzira bwo gucira urubanza nta cyo butwaye, kwiherereza inzego z’abantu, no kwirinda umutekano.

Urugero:, Abanyamakuru barinda ibitutsi igihe baba bashinzwe kubakururira, aba barinda abahanzi mu buryo bwemewe, mu kwindabitswe., i Kanda A Kuri Byacapwe, iyi Iburyo Gicurasi na: A Byaburanijwe Uburenganzira Kuri A Icyesiganwa Cyangwa Uburenganzira bwa A Kuri Ibanga.

Impaka zishingiye ku nshingano zihariye

Abarwanya amategeko arinda abanyamakuru, kandi nta muturage ugomba kwirengagiza ibyemezo by’urukiko rwategetse. Nanone kandi, abarwanya amategeko arebana n’ububiko, basubiramo ibibazo by’umuntu ubonwa ko ari umunyamakuru cyangwa umunyamakuru cyangwa umunyamakuru, na n’utari we, na ko bareba ko niba abanyamakuru bahabwa uburinzi bwihariye kuri leta, icyo gihe baba babonera inyungu zidasanzwe kuri leta aho kugira ngo bakore mu bwigenge bwuzuye.

Icyo kibazo gifitanye isano n'impamvu z'ibanze ku bihereranye n'uruhare rw'ibinyamakuru mu muryango wa demokarasi. Abashyigikiye inzego zikomeye z'ibinyamakuru zishinzwe umutekano, bavuga ko inzego zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi, zishyigikira umurimo wihariye wemewe n'amategeko. Abarwanyaga ko guhingura igikundiro cyihariye cy’abanyamakuru bivuguruzanya n'amahame arebana n'uburinganire mu gihe cy'amategeko, kandi bishobora gutuma ubwigenge bw'ibinyamakuru bukenganirwa.

Ibibazo by’ibyabaye mu gihe cya vuba aha n’ibizaza

Mu mwaka wa 2022, i U.S. bishyizwe mu mwanya wa 42 in i. Iki gice cy' ibyifuzo nubwo ibibitswe bikomeye, Kanda in i. Ibiheruka gushyirwa ku rutonde rw'ibyashyizwe ku irebe ry' uburenganzira, byagaragaje ko n'abanyamakuru barinda, nubwo bahanganye n'ibibabuza gukora ibidahinduka.

Imihati yo kurinda amategeko ya Leta

Comment=Ushinzwe guharanira umutekano w'igihugu (PRESS) igamije kuzuza umupaka w'amategeko y'igihugu, igashyiraho amabwiriza abiri arinda abanyamakuru. Imihati yo gushyiraho amategeko ya leta ikomeza, n’ubwo bahangana n’inzitizi zifitanye isano n’umutekano w’igihugu hamwe n’impamvu zirebana n’abakwiriye kuba umunyamakuru.

, kandi, amategeko ya Leta ashinzwe kurinda yari guha abanyamakuru bashinzwe kugenzura inkuru z’igihugu ubu, kandi yafashaga mu gukemura ibyo bikoresho bigizwe n’uburinzi bwa leta. Icyakora, kugena amategeko ashinzwe mu buryo bukwiriye arinda umudendezo, mu gihe asubiza ibibazo byemewe ku bihereranye n’umutekano w’igihugu hamwe n’inshingano y’icyo gikundiro, akomeza kuba ikibazo cy’ingenzi.

Ibibazo by’ingorabahizi

Ihinduka ry'ibijyanye n'imiterere ya za porogaramu, ryatumye habaho indi mihihibikano nshya y'amategeko na. Nka i Bya i Amakuru y'ikoranabuhanga, ishyirwaho ry'amategeko agenga abanyamakuru kuri interineti, na ubushobozi bwa leta bwo kugera kuri zatabnerali, byose bikeneye gukomeza gushyirwaho mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko na mu buryo bwitondewe.

Inzego zishinzwe iby’imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi zahindutse inzego z’ingenzi zishinzwe iby’ubunyamakuru, ariko kandi, uburinzi bwemewe n’amategeko burebana n’ibinyamakuru by’umuco, bushobora kugera ku bintu bifatika bihuza n’inzego mpuzamakururo z’abantu.

Abanyamakuru Babangamiye

Nubwo kurinda abanyamakuru ari iby’ingenzi, mu buryo bwimazeyo, ntibashobora kuvanaho ingaruka zose zishobora guteza akaga mu gihe batangaza amakuru bashinzwe ku bibazo bishobora guteza akaga cyangwa mu bihugu birangwamo ubugome.

Ibitabo by’Ingenzi Bigenewe Abanyamakuru

Kumenya uko amategeko arinda abanyamakuru ni ngombwa kugira ngo bakore umurimo wabo neza, ariko bagakemura akaga gashobora guterwa n’amategeko. Dore bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi:

Jya umenya amategeko ya Leta yawe arinda

Abanyamakuru bagombye kumenya neza amategeko agenga ingabo mu gihugu cyabo, hakubiyemo nyirayo, n'ibiba birinzwe, n’ibitari ngombwa. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora gufasha abanyamakuru gufata imyanzuro irebana no guhihishe ibanga, ku bihereranye no gusezeranya ko bazaba bakomoka mu nshinga n’uko bitabira abanyapolitiki.

Andika amakuru

Kumenya neza uko amakuru akorwa, bishobora kuba iby’ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu yirinde ibirego byatejwe n’uko raporo yakozwe neza.

Jya umenya aho uburinzi bugarukira

Abanyamakuru ntibagombye kumenya ko kumenyesha umuntu ko adashobora kurinda amateka nta cyo avuze, kandi ko gusezeranya ko umuntu azagira ibanga mu isoko bishobora guteza akaga. Mu mimerere imwe n’imwe, abanyamakuru bashobora guhatirwa guhishura aho ayo masezerano yaturutse cyangwa gusuzugurwa. Gusobanukirwa izo ngaruka ni ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu afate imyanzuro ashingiye ku masezerano ashingiye ku ibanga.

Shaka inama z’amategeko

Mu gihe abanyamakuru bahanganye n’ibirori by’abanyamakuru, ibirego byemewe n’amategeko, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubucamanza, bagomba gusaba inama abashinjacyaha b’inararibonye mu binyamakuru.

Koresha uburyo bwo gushyikirana bw’umutekano

i Imirimo, Ibanga Amatumanaho ikoresha Gitekaanye: Itumanaho Nka Bishunzwe:. Na: Ibikoresho na ya: Amatumanaho na Ibyifuzo Ryari: Na: Ibanga.

Kuri

Imiryango myinshi itanga ubutunzi, ishyigikira mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, kandi igashyigikira umudendezo wo guhundagaza hamwe n’uburinzi bw’abanyamakuru:

  • [[: 0% S] ya: Bya i [[:]: By' amategeko Ibikorana, A Kuri in Leta, na By' amategeko Kuri.
  • [[: 0% S] ()[:] ya: Kanda na By' amategeko in.
  • [[: 0% S] Bya [[:]: Ibikorana ku Ibikorana ku Ibitangazamakuru na na ya: Kanda.
  • [[: 0% S] Kuri[[: 1]: ku Kanda na Ibikorana ku Umutekano na By' amategeko.
  • [[: 0% S] < > < / > < > < / >: ya: Gufungura na Ibikorana ku Kuri public Ibyabitswe na < > < / >.
  • [[: 0% S][[: 1]: Amakuru Abahanzi na ya: Amategeko: na Kanda.

Birenzeho Ibisobanuro: ku Kanda na i, i [[: 0% S] ya: Bya i [[[: 1] na i [[:] Bya i Ipaji:[[: 3.]

Igihe kizaza cy’uburinzi bwa za mikorobe

Ibitabo byemewe n’amategeko bishinzwe kurinda ibinyamakuru, bikomeza guhinduka bitewe n’ihinduka ry’ikoranabuhanga, imihangayiko y’igihugu, n’ihinduka ry’uko abantu bareba itangazamakuru.

tekiniki na Bishunzwe:

Bishunzwe: Birenzeho, KURI i Kuri Bishunzwe: Amatumanaho. ku Bishunzwe: Kuri Kuri Umutekano Ibanga, Bishunzwe:. i Iburyo: hagati

Kuvuga Neza no Kunyurwa

Inshingano Bya Ibijyanye n' imibanire Ibitangazamakuru na Ibisobanuro: Gishya Bigyanye Kanda na Ibirimo:. Birinzwe Kuva: ya: Umukoresha - Ibirimo: Bya i, KURI Ibikorwa na Kuri ya: kiri kuri interineti.

Umudendezo wo gushora amafaranga ku isi hose

Umudendezo w'iki gihe ni wo uri mu kaga mu bice byinshi by'isi, na i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika irebana no gushimangira uburinzi bw' ingufu zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mahame mbyifuzo mbyinjizwa ku isi hose. Ibitangazamakuru bishinzwe kurinda umuryango na bishyigikira umudendezo wo gusohora mu rwego mpuzamahanga, byombi ni iby'ingenzi kugira ngo ibidukikije bishya bya giturage birangwa n'ibinyamakuru.

Ubukungu Budahungabana mu Bunyamerika

N’ubwo bidashingiye ku mategeko, inzego zishinzwe iby'ubukungu zishinzwe gutanga amakuru zishobora gutuma abantu barushaho kugira umudendezo wo gushakisha umudendezo. Niba imiteguro y’amakuru idashobora kwibeshaho mu by’amafaranga, nta bwo yonyine ishobora gutuma itangazamakuru ritanga ihuriro ryihuta.

Igisoza

Uburinzi bwemewe n'amategeko bw'abanyamakuru ni ingenzi kugira ngo bakomeze gukoresha imashini isohora amakuru y'ifatika kandi bizere ko abantu bashobora kubona amakuru arebana n’ibibazo by'ingenzi bya rutura.

Icyakora, izo nkuta ntizirinzwe mu buryo budasubirwaho kandi zigomba gutangwa mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ku bindi bintu by'ingenzi. Amateka arebana n'amategeko akomeza kwihindukiza mu ihinduka ry'ikoranabuhanga, imihangayiko y'umutekano w'igihugu, n'impaka zikomeza ku bihereranye n'uruhare ibinyamakuru bigira mu miyoboro ya demokarasi.

Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeza guhindura inzego z'ibinyamakuru n'inzitizi nshya, ni ngombwa gukomeza kuba maso no kuba umuhanga mu by'amategeko kugira ngo abanyamakuru bakomeze kurinda no gukomeza amategeko.

Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye na Kanda, Ibikorana Kuva: i [[: 0% S] Bya [[: 1], [[:] Kuri [[:]], na [[:]].