, A Ihindurwa Bikomeye in i By' amategeko Bya Isano:. Bya Ishyingiranwa na NONEAHA A Kontinete Na: Byombi na Njyakuzimu. i Amategeko Bya i Kuri i in Bya, i By' amategeko Ihinduramiterere ya: $- EGIHARWE Cyangwa - EGIHARWE / Kuri. Ingingo Igerageza ryumye Bya i Imizi, KIGEZWEHO Leta, na Bya i Ishyingiranwa na Kwambukiranya, Igaragaza cyane i hagati Mpuzamahanga, Mpuzamahanga Amategeko y'Ikiremwamuntu, na Guhindura....

Ihinduka ry’Amateka ry’Amategeko y’Ishyingiranwa mu Burayi

Mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa mu magana, iyo gahunda yari ishingiye ku masezerano y’abantu bashakanye, inyigisho z’idini n’umuco w’aho baba.

Bamaze gushyingiranwa mu idini, bajya mu muryango ushinzwe na Leta

Ivugurura ryabaye mu mwaka wa 1792, u Bufaransa bwatangije ishyingiranwa ryiyandikishije mu buryo buhatiwe na kiliziya yategetswe n’amategeko, risenya ishyingiranwa ryemewe n’amategeko, risenya ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'amategeko, kandi rigashyirirwaho ishyingiranwa rishyashyamiranya leta. Iryo shyingiranwa ryakwirakwijwe mu Burayi mu kinyejana cya cumi na icyenda, mu Butaliyani no mu Bunani bw’Abaturage, ryatangiye gushyingirwaho amategeko y’ishyingiranwa n’abenegihugu mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.

Amategeko agenga ibyo gutana n’uburinganire bw’abashakanye

Amahinduka ya mbere y' ishyingiranwa. Amatsinda y' uburenganzira yatangiye: Amatsinda y' ishyingiranwa yahindutse mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko ku bihugu byinshi, ku Impamvu nka Cyangwa. Bya i na, i Bya i muri ishyingiranwa, i Bya Bikurikije amategeko y'amategeko y'amategeko y'umugore. nka na i in i Bya ishyingirwa, Guha umugore uburenganzira bungana Kuri i & Amatungo na. i ya: i Ibikurikira >: i Bya - Amasano y' GIHARI.

Ishinga ry’Ugufatanya n’Abaturage mu Butegetsi

-, Nka A. Bigezweho in, in Byaremwe i Itangira ya: - Bijyanye n' imibare. Gishya By' amategeko Bya i na Bya -,, na i Ijambo "Ishyingiranwa" na. Urugero.

Inkomoko n’ubutare bwayo bukwirakwira u Burayi

, Ikindi Amahanga (1993),, na (). ya: Byombi - na - Bijyanye n' imibare in,, Byose in 2001 Byaremwe i [:] [:] [:] [1] [) in 1999 A Birutwa Gufungura Kuri Byose., i, na hagati na. i Mpuzamahanga, A Bisanzwe Ihitamo ya: Kwambukiranya, Kwambukiranya Bya i Byuzuye Bya Ukurengera kw'amategeko.

Uburenganzira n’inshingano mu Bihereranye n’Umuryango

Nubwo igihugu gifitanye imishyikirano itandukanye, hari ibintu bifatika bihuriyeho:

  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] Ukwiyandikisha Na: UMWIKUBE, Kuri.
  • [[: 0% S] na:[[: 1] Kuri A, ihuriro, na
  • [[: 0% S] Umutekano na: [[: 1] Kuri, Ubuzima, na.
  • [[: 0% S]Ivanga na:[[:] Kuri A ya: Cyangwa Ubwuzurane in.
  • [[: 0% S] Ibanga ry'ubufaransa:[[[: 1]] Cyangwa Byikoresha ya: i.

Icyakora, akenshi ibyo byaterwaga n’uko mu bihugu byinshi batashoboraga kurera abana mu buryo bumwe, cyangwa ngo bagire uburenganzira bwo kwizihiza ishyingiranwa ryabo.

Imyitwarire y'abashakanye b’abadahuje igitsina

By' ingirakamaro i Umugereka: Bya Amasano y' imibanire Kuri - Abashakanye., (), na iyi. Kuri - Bijyanye n' imibare Bifitanye isano in 20 Nyuma A., na Luxembourg Amahitamo Kuri Byose., A Kuri Ishyingiranwa $(-) Cyangwa. OYA A ya: - Bituzuye A By' amategeko Imibanire Gicurasi Gukomeza Kuri Na: ishyingiranwa.

Ishyingiranwa ry’abahuje igitsina: Abantu benshi bo hirya no hino mu Burayi

Incuro nyinshi, abashyigikiraga ibyo gushyikirana n’abaturage bashinjwaga ko ari itsinda rya kabiri. Bavugaga ko nta ho bahuriye, cyane cyane iyo ishyingiranwa ritari rifite uburenganzira bwo kurera abana cyangwa ihuriro ryuzuye mu rwego rw’ikigo. Ishyirwaho ryaharaniraga uburinganire bw’ishyingiranwa ryagiye rirushaho kwiyongera mu myaka ya 2000, hamwe n’amanama nshinga n’inkiko z’ibihugu n’inkiko z’abakuru b’igihugu ari zo ziyobora iyo nzira.

Ibihugu by’abapayiniya n’amategeko akomeye

Mu mwaka wa 2005, mu mwaka wa 2005, Ububiligi bwakurikiyeho mu wa 2005, muri Noruveje na Suwede mu mwaka wa 2010. Porutugali yemewe n’amategeko mu mwaka wa 2010, igihugu cya Islande (mu gihe Minisitiri w’Ikirenga cya Kiyahudi cyabaga ku isi hose, muri Danemale mu 2012, na mu Budage mu mwaka wa 2013. Ubwongereza bwatangije ishyingiranwa ry’abashakanye bahuje igitsina mu Bwongereza no mu Burayi bw’Amajyaruguru mu mwaka wa 2014, muri Irilande mu mwaka wa 2014, no muri Irilande y’Amajyaruguru mu mwaka wa 202020.

Uruhare rw’Urukiko rw’u Burayi Rushinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu

() A Inshingano. i [: 0% S] na.[[: 1]] (), i Ububiko... ku OYA Kuri, Amasano... muri i Bya "Ubugingo"", in [[: 2.] na V.[:]], i Intambwe Byabonetse i ku OYA Icyo ari cyo cyose By' amategeko ya:. Icyo ari cyo cyose Ifishi% S: Bya Itangiza Bya Ukwiyandikisha, i Bigufi Bya;.

Amategeko y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’Uburenganzira bw’Ikigo

i Inyobora:. Bya Kigenga Igenda Bya in Bijyanye n' imibare, Ryari: A Kuva: A Leta Kuri A Leta. i [[:] na [[:]] [()], i Bya Bya i ni A" ya: i Impamvu Bya i, ATARIIGIHARWE NIBA i Inturo: Leta OYA Emera Ishyingiranwa. A Kuri in in. i Igenda Bya Kigenga Ishyingiranwa, OYA Kuri Ishyingiranwa.

Ibibazo n’ibindi bintu bitagendana n’ibyo baba bamenyereye

Nubwo habayeho amajyambere menshi, nta wuha agaciro ko gusesanya.

Uburayi bw’i Burasirazuba n’Ibuzanywa ry’Ishingiro

Ibihugu byinshi byahinduye amategeko abigenga kugira ngo bisobanure neza ko ishyingiranwa ari ishyingiranwa hagati y'umugabo n'umugore. Polonye, Hongiriya, Letoniya, Lituwaniya, Korowasiya na Slovakiya, byagiye bitanga ibijyanye n'ibyo. Mu mwaka wa 2020, Hongiriya na yo yasohoye itegeko ryabuzanyaga kurera abana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko abashakanye bahuje igitsina. Polonye ntiyigeze ihabwa uburenganzira n'amategeko ku bashakanye bahuje ibitsina, cyangwa umurage wabo. Imyifatire yo gushyigikira ibyo bikorwa akenshi ikorwa n'amategeko yashyizweho n'amategeko yashyizweho n'inzegomato n'andi madini, ariko nanone ntiyihagararira, nta bwo kurinda umurage, cyangwa umurage.

Ibitekerezo bya benshi n’ibitekerezo bya benshi

Igerageza kwagura Uburenganzira bw'ikigo n'ubundi, rimwe na rimwe byagiye bisubizwa n'amakuru. Muri Sloveniya, mu mwaka wa 2012, amwe mu masezerano yashyingirwaga na konterw, naho nyuma y' umwaka 2015 ishyingiranwa ryabaye inzego z'amacakubiri (amategeko y'ishyingiranwa yashyizweho na konterview). Muri Rumaniya, iperesita ya 2018 yashatse kubuza ishyingiranwa ry'ubuseribateri muri isogonda, ariko ryananiwe no gusenyuka bitewe n'uko ryakorotse. Ibikoresho bitera amacakubiri, na byo akenshi bigaragaza amacakubiri y'inze ku burenganya uburenganzira bwinze.

Na

. Bimwe mu bihugu by'u Burengerazuba, ibyemera ko imibanire y' imibare ihuza ibitsina n'ibya gihanga. Mu bihugu bitanga uburenganzira bwo gusesanya, ishyingiranwa rishobora gusenywa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, iyo umuntu ahinduye imibare y'ibitsina nyuma yo gushaka, ibyemejwe n'amategeko yanze ikomeza ishyingiranwa., abantu b'uburengerazuba, gahunda y'amategeko, irekura abantu kubiri, irema mu kwandikisha no mu kwandikisha na mu murage.

Ubundi Buryo bw’Ukwemezwa n’Amategeko

Uretse gushyingiranwa no kubana n’abaturage, hari amategeko menshi yagiye ashyirwaho n’abashakanye badashyira mu bikorwa imibanire yabo.

. Ibice by'ubwiyandikire

. - Guhuza + - Guhuza + Kudahuza mu Bihuriro Bisanzwe, ni Bisanzwe Kwambukiranya., i Ingaruka z' amategeko ziroroha hose. Muri Suwede na Ubufaransa, abashakanye bashobora kugira uburenganzira runaka mu gihe runaka, nka Amatsinda y'ibiciro Nyuma yo kwahukana cyangwa umurage, NIBA in A. Ibinyuranye, mu bihugu byinshi by'i Burayi bw'iburengerazuba, kubana kwuzuza bake ku nyirabyo., nka i Ubwihariko bw'amasezerano y'amasezerano y'ishyingiranwa, batanga uburinzi buke buke buke busaba kwishingirwaho.

Uburenganzira bw’igihugu mu Kurera abana nk’Abandi

Uburenganzira bwo gushakana n'abo mudahuje igitsina bugaragaza itandukaniro rigikomeza. Mu bihugu bifite uburinganire bwuzuye bw'ishyingiranwa, nka i Holande, Hisipaniya, na Royaume, abashakanye bashobora gufatanya. Icyakora, mu bihugu byinshi bifitanye isano, kurera abana mu buryo bwihinnye, ni ibibibujijwe. Muri Polonye, Hongiriya, na Slovakiya, kurera abana bahuje igitsina bibuzanyijwe n'ubumwe na bimwe, bibuzanya. Imyifatire ya kibyeyi, ikoresha na bamwe mu bashakanye bahuje igitsina, ni akandi karere amategeko yiciyemo ibice, ku buryo butemewe n'amategeko (Bwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'isi).

Ubuyobozi n’ibyifuzo bizatangwa mu gihe kizaza

Imishyikirano ifitanye n’ububata bw’u Burayi

Icyiza cy'ihuriro ry'ubwigenge bw'igihugu n'amategeko mfatizo mfatizo mpuzamahanga. Inteko Mpuzamahanga y'Uburayi ku Bihereranye n'Inteko Mpuzamahanga y'Agaciro ka Gihande cy'Iburayi, buhoro buhoro, ariko guhatira k'u Burayi koroshya uburenganzira bw'uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu bishobora gukomeza guhatira abantu gukurikiza amahame agabanyije imibare mike. Umuryango w'Ikigo cy'Ibiro by'Ibihugu by'u Burayi, ufashe umwanzuro w'inyuguti ku birebana n'ihuriro, ugomba gushyirwaho ku masezerano y'ibihugu byinshi by'i Burasirazuba, ariko ntagomba gusengwa n’uko bisengwa n’amategeko y'amategeko y'inze.

Inzira igana ku gaciro kose

Abashinzwe iby'ubucamanza n'intiti mu by'amategeko bemeranya ko intego y’ibanze ari uburinganire bwuzuye: kuba abashakanye n'abaturage bashakanye (cyangwa umuryango umwe) bose, uko bangana kose, igitsina cyabo, cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ibyo bishobora gutuma hatabaho icyifuzo cyo guharanira ubutegetsi bunyuranye akenshi bushyigikira ubusumbane., kimwe na Suwede na Melita, byamaze kubuza umupaka mu gihe cy'ishyingiranwa ryibangabanga ryihuse hamwe n'ubumwe bwishyira mu muryango w’abaturanyi bose mu bundi buryo. Abandi, nka Irilande na Luxembourg, byagiye gukora ibyo.

Ishinga ryemewe n'amategeko ry'ishyingiranwa n'ubumwe bwimukanwa mu Burayi, ni ryo dini rifite imbaraga. Mu gihe iyi kontineyi yateye intambwe zitangaje kuva igihe ishyingiranwa rya mbere ryemewe n'amategeko ryaremewe muri Danemark mu wa 1989, ibice by'amategeko bikomeza kugira ingaruka ku bantu nyabo (/akazi ku by'ubuzima, umurage, na uburenganzira bw'abimukira. Gukomeza gushyigikira ubutegetsi, na ivugurura ry'amategeko ni ngombwa kugira ngo bihunge ibyo bintu. Uko ubumenyi bw'umuryango n'imishyikirano bwifatiwe na gahunda y'amategeko bukomeza kubaho, uburyo bwifashishwaho gutuma abantu bose, uko baba bakunda, bashobora kubaka uburenganzira bwo gukomeza, bugarijwe, burinda imiryango.

, i [[: 0% S] Bya [: 1] Incamake Bya Byagombwa. [[: 2] -] [[[:]] Hejuru - Kuri - Itariki: Igihugu: Ibyatanzwe ku By' amategeko. Bya i na Byabonetse Ku i [:] [:]., i [:] Biganira Birenga]. [Ibyapanze i.]