Kuri Kigenga Amakuru na Ibisobanuro Nka Rimwe Bya i Imfuruka Bya Inzego Bya Isosiyeti na Ubwenegihugu. Igihe Ibisobanuro: Kwambukiranya na Ibitangazamakuru, i Amategeko y'amategeko arinda uburenganzira bwacu bwo kwinjira mu makuru ku buryo bw' igenzura cyangwa inzego zidakwiriye, nta na rimwe byarushijeho kuba byanze bikunze.

Isoko y’Amateka y’Umudendezo wo Gutanga Umudendezo wo Kugaba Imirimo Ikorwa n’Ababwiriza

Umudendezo w'ibinyamakuru bigereranya i ihame ry'ibanze ry'ishyirahamwe na imvugo binyuriye mu bitangazamakuru, bifatwa nk'uburenganzira bugomba gukoreshwa mu mudendezo, na Umudendezo utangwa ku igenzura rito cyangwa mbere y'ubwigenge bwa leta na uburinzi ku ingufu.

Suwede ni cyo gihugu cya mbere mu isi cyafashe umudendezo wemewe n’amategeko w’ibinyamakuru, bishinzwe Imirimo y’Ikigo Cyigenga cyo mu mwaka wa 1766, bishyiraho ingero zari kuzakwirakwira ku isi hose.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, umudendezo w’ibinyamakuru washyizwe mu Ivugurura rya Mbere ry’Ishingiro, rivuga ko "Icyapa cyigomeke kitazakora amategeko... kigabanya umudendezo wo kuvuga cyangwa wo gusohora ibinyamakuru. Urwo rurimi rugufi ariko rufite imbaraga, rwagize ingaruka ku mategeko y’Abanyamerika mu gihe cy’ibinyejana bibiri kandi rukagira ingaruka ku mafasi shingiro y’amategeko ku isi hose.

Itangazo ry'Umwanya w'Ubiko Mpuzamahanga ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ry'Abibumbye, ryavuze ko buri wese afite uburenganzira bwo kugira umudendezo w'ibitekerezo n'imvugo, hakubiyemo umudendezo wo kugira ibitekerezo nta wutangira, gushaka, guhabwa, no gutanga amakuru n'ibitekerezo binyuriye ku itangazamakuru iryo ari ryo ryose, uko ibihugu bishobora gushyingura amateka ashyizwe hejuru, umudendezo uvuye ku burenganzira bw'isi yose bw'undi bukwiriye, ushyiriraho ihame ibihugu byitezweho ku isi yose.

Ibihugu bifitanye isano n'amategeko agenga umudendezo wo kuvuga n’uburenganzira bwo gushyirwa ku rutonde, byagiye bishyira mu bikorwa umudendezo w’amategeko agenga iby’ubutame, bigaragaza ko ibyo bintu birinda bifitanye isano.

Umudendezo wo Kumenya Amategeko: Guha Abaturage Imbaraga

Bya () Rimwe Bya Ibikoresho Kuri - Gufata Ibisobanuro na Ibonerana in Rusange. Amategeko Afatika Ifatika Abantu Bakoresha Kuri Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye.

Isi yose irebana n’abana n’ibipimo

Iperereza ryakozwe ku mubumbe wose ryagaragaje ko ibihugu 125 byashyizeho uburenganzira bwo gutanga amakuru cyangwa gutanga ibintu bisa n’ibyo, bigaragaza ko bishobora kwemerwa mu rugero rwagutse ko ubutegetsi bufite akamaro ko kubona. Ubu, hafi ibihugu bitatu bigize Umuryango w’Abibumbye bifite amategeko, nubwo imbaraga n’imbaraga ayo mategeko afite binyuranye cyane.

Ibihugu birenga 100 ku isi hose byashyize mu bikorwa uburyo runaka bw'umudendezo w'amategeko agenga amakuru, na Umudendezo wa Suwede w'amategeko y'inyandiko z'amakuru (Umudendezo w'ibirori) w'ikinyabutaka (Agacakubiri k'amategeko y'isi).

2024, Kuri Gusimbuza i "" Na: Bya, Na: i Gishya na Bya INGARUKA ku 1, 2025. ATARIIGIHARWE Gukomeza Kuri Ibonerana.

Uko amategeko agenga amakuru akora

Bya Amategeko "Ikuri - Kuri - Kurema" By' amategeko ya: Ibisobanuro: Bya public na ku Cyangwa Oya Ikiguzi, Ikivugwaho: Kuri Ibirenga. Imbata ya: Ibisobanuro:, ya:, na ya:.

: i Uburenganzira Kuri Ibisobanuro: ni ya:, Gushoboza abaturage kubaza ibibazo no gufata abafite inshingano n'abafite ububasha kubaza, kandi bagatanga igihamya cy'ibikorwa byabo n'icyemezo. Umumaro wo kubaza icyo kibazo, ni Amategeko ya FOI ku buyobozi bwa demokarasi.

Bya Ibisobanuro: Bya Gukurikiza Kuri Abatware na i Uburenganzira Kuri Ibisobanuro Byaremwe ku Abategetsi Rusange., Bya Ibisobanuro: i By' umwihariko Kuva:, i By' umwihariko Imimaro i Urwego: Bya i Rusange, Igisobanuro Ibisobanuro: public ni NONEAHA muri i By' umwihariko na By' umwihariko Kuri Guhishura Ibisobanuro:.

Nkora uko nshoboye

Nubwo kwemera amategeko ya FOI ari itsinda ry'amajyambere y'ingenzi, gushyiraho amategeko agenga FAI bihora ari ikibazo kidahinduka.

Nubwo amategeko y'igihugu arushaho gushyigikira umudendezo w’ibisobanuro, inteko z'ubwigenge n'abategetsi buri wese ku giti cye, bishobora gukora neza cyane mu gushakisha no gukora inyandiko n'amakuru bisabwa.

Ibihugu byinshi bifite ibibazo bifitanye isano n'ishyirwaho ry'amategeko ya FOI n'ikoreshwa, n’ibindi bibazo bituruka ku kubura ubushake bwa politiki no ku kongera gushyirwa ku isura ya leta. Bidaturutse ku kwiyemeza by’ukuri ku bayobozi ba leta n’ibikoresho bihagije by'ubucungamari, ndetse n'amategeko yashyizweho neza ya FOI ashobora kunanirwa gutanga umucyo ufite ireme.

na

Amategeko arwanya ubutegetsi ni indi nkingi ikomeye y'uburinzi ku makuru y'ubwishake n'amakuru.

< > < / > < > < / > A Mbere, ATARIIGIHARWE NIBA Cyangwa, A "Imyifatire" ni Buri gihe. Mbere Igenzura Koresha UMWIKUBE Kuri Ibisobanuro: Kuva: i public Gicurasi Cyangwa.

Rimwe mu manza zihambaye cyane zigaragaza ko iryo hame ryabayeho mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Vietnam. i, The New York Times yasohoye inyandiko zigaragaza ko leta ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika yari yaratumye abantu bose bayobeshwa ku bihereranye n'intambara (na Ryari: Prezida Nixon yagerageje guhagarika igazeti yashoboraga guteza umutekano w'igihugu, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasohoye inyandiko zishyigikira i Times, zigaragaza ko n’ibintu byihuta cyane byashoboraga gutangwa mu rwego rwa rusange.

command ya Danemark iha umuntu uwo ari we wese umudendezo wo gusohora ibitekerezo byayo in & Shyira ku rupapuro, in, na in, na Ikindi Amagenzura na Ikindi Amatandukaniro yo kwirinda, na Nta na rimwe kongera kwitangizwa. iyi itangira ryihariye ryagaragaje ibyifuzo bya demokarasi byinshi byashyizweho kugira ngo bibuza igenzura rya leta.

, - OYA. Amabwiriza ku Bya i Ibitangazamakuru Gicurasi Gushyiramo Gutandukanya Ibisobanuro:, Leta, Igihano ya:, Igihano ya: Uburenganzira bw' umuhimbyi, Ubwihisho, Cyangwa Amabwiriza, na Bya i Kanda ni, Leta ishobora gusaba ko itangwa mbere na mbere y'igihe by' inyandiko ihinyura ibyemenwa bya Leta. Guhagararira mu guhitamo neza amategeko adakoreshwa nabi kugira ngo ahinyuza ukuri kwemewe n'amategeko.

na

Gutegeka ibitangazamakuru, ni i ingirakamaro mu kwimakaza ibitekerezo binyuranye na Igenzura ku amakuru. A Gitoya Umubare Bya Igenzura Ibitangazamakuru, i Ibinyuranyo Bihari Kuri i public, i Imyifatire ya ngombwa cyane ku demokarasi.

Kuri Kuri Kutageza ibitekerezo ku igabanya ry' ingano A UMWE in A. Bya Gutanga ibyiciro bitandukanye Kuri Kuri Bya, Kuri A Bya na Ibisobanuro:.

: i Inyandiko na Indangabintu, i & Game.

Ibitangazamakuru Amabwiriza yo kuba imbata in. Imipaka ku Kwambukiranya - Nyirabyo hagati Bya Ibitangazamakuru (Nka,, na), Ibindi: ishimangira ku Icyo ari cyo cyose UMWE Kuva: Kinini A Gusangiza Bya i Ibitangazamakuru. ya: public Kuri Ku Ibitangazamakuru Gusigara Bya.

Ibijyanye n' imibare Ibitangazamakuru Amabwiriza y' Umwihariko n' ibikorana. ya: na Gicurasi OYA Aderesi: i Bya UMWIKUBE mu numwuga na Ibitangazamakuru. Na: Kuri guhuza itembera na Kuri iyi Gishya Urupapuro na

Kurinda Amategeko n’Isoko y’Ururingo

Amategeko arinda abanyamakuru, arinda gushyirwaho imyandikire y’ibanga cyangwa amakuru adasohoka.

Ibihugu byinshi bifite amategeko arinda abanyamakuru arinda aho bakomoka, ariko nta mategeko ya Leta agenga umutekano, anyuranye cyane.

, i A Iburyo: Kuri Ryari:, na guhera Hanyuma A Ikigina Ubuso na ya:. Ibumoso: Gusiba, Ku i Leta urwego Byose i By' ingirakamaro.

Nta soko ikomeye y’uburinzi, abavuza amasaku n’abayikoresha bashobora guhinanwa gutanga ibisobanuro ku bihereranye n’ibikorwa bibi, ruswa, cyangwa ibibazo by’abantu benshi. Ingaruka zibabaje ziterwa no kuba isoko idashoboye kurinda abantu kubwirwa inkuru z’ingenzi, bigatuma abantu badafata imyanzuro ikwiriye.

Imyifatire iri hagati y' isoko n'izindi nyungu z'amategeko, + + Nka Iperereza ry'ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa irebana ry'umutekano w'igihugu.

Amasosiyete Mpuzamahanga Aharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu

Amategeko mpuzamahanga arebana n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, atuma habaho ubundi buri bushobozi bwo kurinda abantu mu birebana n’umudendezo no kubona amakuru.

Bya i Itangaruhushya ry' Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu kivuga ko buri wese afite uburenganzira bwo kugira umudendezo wo kugira ibitekerezo bijyanye n' imyitwarire na imvugo, hakubiyemo umudendezo wo kugira ibitekerezo bidafite aho bihuriye na ho na kubyishakiye, kwakira no gutanga amakuru n'ibitekerezo biturutse ku bitangazamakuru na Byahagaritswe imipaka.

Ibyatanzwe Kuri & Rusange Bya Intego: 16. 10 Kuri public Kuri Ibisobanuro: na, Na: Nka i ya: 16. 10. 2. ku i Umubare Bya na Itegeko ya: public Kuri Ibisobanuro:. Bya Kanda i Kuri Kwagura.

Gahunda z'uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, urugero nk’Amasezerano y'Ikirenga y'u Burayi arebana n’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, Isezerano ry'Abanyamerika ku Burenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, na Ishami ry'Ikinyamerika ku Burenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu n’Ikiremwamuntu, nanone rikubiyemo gahunda zo kurinda umudendezo wo kuvuga no kugera ku bintu. Izo gahunda z'uturere akenshi zitanga uburinzi n’imikorere y'imyifatire y’isi yose isobanutse kurusha ikoreshwa n’ibikoresho byo ku isi hose.

Inteko mpuzamahanga ziharanira uburenganzira bw’abantu zihora zitanga imyanzuro n’inama zigenga iby’umudendezo, zigashyiraho amategeko afasha gusobanura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bikorwa byo kuzirinda. Nubwo mu mimerere myinshi iyo mishinga mpuzamahanga ishobora kuba idafite imbaraga zifatika zo kubahiriza amategeko, zitanga ubutware mu by’umuco kandi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mateka yo mu muryango.

Amategeko anyuranyije n’Amateka n’Ingabo z’Abanyamakuru

Amategeko arangwa no kwigomeka agomba gushyiraho igihagararo hagati yo kurinda icyubahiro cya kimuntu n'igenzura ryanze. Mu gihe amategeko yo gusenya akomakomeye cyangwa akoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye, ashobora gukoreshwa mu kuceceka ijora ry'ibinyamakuru no gutsembaho amakuru y'ingirakamaro.

ya:, A ejuru Umurongo Kuri Ibintu, na iyi ejuru Bisanzwe Kuva:., public OYA A Inyandiko SIBYO na, Na: """ i Sibyo Cyangwa Na: ya: i.

Iryo hame ryagutse ku bantu bakomeye, rigaragaza ko impaka zikomeye ku bihereranye n’ibibazo bya rubanda, zishobora kuba zikubiyemo ibitero bikaze, bikaze, kandi rimwe na rimwe bibabaza abategetsi. Abanyamakuru bashakisha niba buri magambo yose avugwa azaba ahuje n’ukuri, kubera ko abanyamakuru bashobora kwirinda gusesengura ibiganiro bihitisha impaka bitewe no gutinya ko bazaba batinya ko bahemba amafaranga menshi.

Icyakora, amategeko yo gusenya anyuranye mu buryo bugaragara hirya no hino mu bihugu. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, umutwaro w'ibihamya ujya ku murego w’umuregwa kugira ngo agaragaze ko ari ukuri, mu bindi, umushinjacyaha agomba kugaragaza ko atari ukuri. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bifite amategeko ashinjanya ibinyoma ashobora gutuma abanyamakuru bafungwa, bigatuma habaho ingaruka zibabaje cyane ku birebana n'umudendezo. Amatsinda mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga ashinzwe umudendezo ahora ashyigikira icekwa ry'ibitutsi n'amahame arinda uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko.

Amanza yanze iyinjizaporogaramu ya public Ishyiramo (). OYA Kuri,, Kuri na Ibikorana Gihinguranya Amakuru y' ingirakamaro. Amagenzura - Kuri ya: ya: Kuri Kuri.

Ibibazo by’ingorabahizi n’uburinzi bugenda bugabanuka

Imyifatire y' imibare yahinduye imiyoboro y' amakuru n' amakuru byaremwe, bitangwa, kandi bikoreshwa, kurema Gishya ya: Amategeko y'amategeko yakorewe mu gihe cya mbere. NONEAHA Aderesi: Ryari: Kanda Itangira.

Amadosiye, na Ibigeragezo by' amategeko, na Amagenzura, byavuzwe n'imyitwarire nk'ibanga ry'ibinyamakuru na Amakuru. Amakuru y' igenzura amapareye yemerera abanyamakuru kugenzura amatumanaho, kugenera aho bajya, na itondeka uko bifata mu gihe cya mbere.

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho na Gitekaanye byabaye iby'ingenzi ku banyamakuru bakora ku nkuru zihambaye, ariko hari ubutegetsi bwagerageje kugabanya cyangwa gusenya ibyo bintu. Amabwiriza asaba ko abantu basubira inyuma mu Bishunzwe: Cyangwa mu gusesengura amakuru, ashobora kurinda isoko na Gushyira abanyamakuru n’ibibakuru byabo mu kaga.

Abanyamakuru, cyane cyane abagore n'abantu bake, bahanganye na za gahunda zo gusesanya, gukobanya, n’ubundi buryo bwo kuri interineti bwagenewe kubacecekesha. Mu gihe ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byatangiye kugena amategeko yo gukemura ibyo bibazo, abanyamakuru benshi bakomeza kuba mu kaga ko guhitanwa n’ibitero by'urusobe bishobora kugera ku isi.

Amabwiriza. Ibitangazamakuru na Ikindi Itumanaho Itumanaho Isobeka ya: Amakuru Ikwirakwiza, By' umwihariko OYA ku Kanda Irinda. Bigyanye Ibikubiyemo,, na Gishya By' amategeko Birebire imvugo Na: Bigyanye na Ibikubiyemo.

Ubutegetsi n’Imishinga Ibangamira Abantu

N’ubwo ubutegetsi burinda abantu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bufatiweho na leta bikomeza kuba iterabwoba rikomeye rituma umudendezo urushaho kwiyongera mu bice byinshi by’isi.

, A ya: Ibitangazamakuru, Na: Bya A Leta Bya By' igihe cy' igihe cy' igihe cy' igihe kiza, Bya na Ibitangazamakuru Abakozi batakaza imirimo yabo, na Ku gereza Nka Bya 2016 2016 : i Ikijyepfo Umubare in i. Urugero: Kanda Ryari: Gukoresha Amatsinda y' igomaza Kuri.

N’ubwo ibihugu byinshi byemerwa ko bifite uburenganzira bwo kuvuga nta cyo bitwaye, hari amategeko aremereye, kimwe na Koreya y’Amajyaruguru na Siriya, abuzanya amagenzura menshi kandi akagenzura amakuru.

Ivuga ko i Bya Icyihutirwa Bya i Ibitangazamakuru, Na: Urwego rwo hejuru Nka 'na na Ibitangazamakuru bitangwa ku nyobozo ziva ku i na Kuri ya: ya:.

: "Amakuru y'ikinyoma," Umutekano, na - Amabwiriza. Guhina amahinanzira ya: i Mpuzamahanga ni hagati Amabwiriza y' amategeko y' amategeko na Kuri Kuceceka.

Amakuru y’Amakosa, Amakuru n’Ibyakiwe mu Mategeko

Gukwirakwira mu makuru n'amakuru, ni ikibazo cy'ingorabahizi cyo kurinda amakuru y'amategeko arebana n'amakuru y'ubwishake na Ibisobanuro. Kurwanya amakuru y'ibinyoma ni impamvu yemewe, amategeko yagenewe gukemura iyi kibazo ashobora kuba ibikoresho byakoreshwa mu gihe bikozwe mu buryo bwitondewe.

Umuntu ashobora kurengera umudendezo wo kuvuga ibintu bidakwiriye, hakagira impaka zihoraho zihereranye n’aho yakwishingikiriza ku mahitamo arebana n’amarenga arebana n’amagambo arangwa n’umudendezo, agateza akaga cyangwa akangiza, cyane cyane mu gihe abantu bari mu gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe umudendezo wo kuvuga ibintu bidakwiriye, gutoteza abandi, no gutuma urwango n’ukutihanganirana birushaho kuba bibi.

Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bizwa amategeko asaba ko amatsinda abanza abanza kuvanaho "amakuru" Cyangwa Ibihano bitangwa n'amaso, ayo mategeko asobanutse neza na yakoreshwa kugira ngo ahishe inyuma ibinyamakuru byemewe n'amategeko. Ibyifuzo by'ibyahakanye Ibisobanuro ni byo bigengwa n'amategeko, na guha ubutegetsi ububasha bwagutse kugira ngo ibyo bishobora gutuma umuntu agenzura ibintu bishobora gutuma amenya ukuri kunyuranya.

i Igaragazaryihuse, Ibitangazamakuru, na Ubwiza. Bya, Ibonerana Bigyanye, na Gushigikira ya: NYACYO Ifashayobora Aderesi: Kanda. Porogaramu Ifashayobora Suzuma Ibisobanuro: Ibyifuzo.

Igihisho ni Gushinga amabwiriza y'amategeko arebana n'ibyangiza nyabyo biturutse ku makuru anyuranye, − Nka itora Cyangwa ivuka ry' ibibazo by'ubukungu bwa rusange ().

Umudendezo ugenzurwa na

Imiryango igenzura umudendezo utangwa n’imashini zisohora amakuru ku isi hose, igashyira imbere ibikorwa byo kurenga amategeko, kandi igatuma abantu bamenya uko ibintu bigenda, igahatira leta kugira icyo zikora, kandi igashyigikira abanyamakuru bahanganye n’ibitero.

ni Mpuzamahanga - Inyungu A ni i Kinini Bya na Byakoreshejwe Kuri Intera Bya Kanda Kwambukiranya, ku Igikubo A, By' amategeko, Bya, na Ibitangazamakuru Urupapuro- ntambike.

Komite yo Kurinda Abanyamakuru ikurikiza mu buryo bwitondewe umubare w'abanyamakuru bishwe kandi bafunzwe bihorera ku bw’umurimo wabo, itanga inyandiko z'ibitero by'ingenzi ku birebana n'umudendezo wo gusohora.

, ku ijana Bya i Bya i Bitangiwe Nka "" Cyangwa Na: Kuri, Na: A Icyabitswe Umubare Bya A "" Ipima. Sitatisitiki i Kuri Kanda.

Nanone kandi, kunyuranya n'amategeko mpuzamahanga bishobora gutuma ibihugu bimenya ibikorwa byiza n’amabwiriza y’amategeko yagezweho, kandi ibyo bihuje n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kurinda umudendezo wo gucapa, bishobora kugenzura uburyo bwemewe n'amategeko bugira ingaruka nziza cyane kurusha ubundi na bwo butagenda neza.

Imihangayiko y’Ubukungu n’Ibyamamare Biterwa n’Inzego z’Ibitangazamakuru Bigenga Abantu

Inzitizi zishobora kugera ku isi hose ku mishinga y’amakuru yigenga, zishobora gutuma abantu batakaza umudendezo wo gusohora amakuru ndetse n’aho uburinzi bwemewe n’amategeko bukomeza.

Imipaka y'ingirakamaro irebana no gutanga raporo ishobora kuva ku bibazo by’ubukungu, amakimbirane ashingiye ku mategeko, cyangwa akaga gashobora guterwa n'akazi gakorerwa mu bigo bikuru.

Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byashyizeho amategeko yo gushyigikira inzego zigenga amafaranga zitangwa na rubanda, binyuriye ku mikorere ya leta ishinzwe gutanga amafaranga, impamyabumenyi irebana n’imisoro, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gutanga ubufasha. Ibyo bigomba gushyirwaho mu buryo bwitondewe kugira ngo hatagira ubwigenge bwigobotoranya mu kwandika inyandiko. Intego ni iyo gutuma ibinyamakuru bitanga agaciro bikomeza kubaho bitabaye ngombwa ko imiryango y'amakuru yitangirwaho isosiyete ya leta.

Amabwiriza arebana n'imishyikirano iri hagati na abamamaza amakuru na, na yo agira ingaruka ku birebana n'ibitangazamakuru. Amwe mu mafasi yo mu rwego rw'ikirenga yashyiriyeho amategeko asaba ko ababwiriza bajya mu mahuriro y' amakuru bakwirakwizwa, bazirikana ko ibitabo by' amakuru bigirira akamaro, mu gihe bishinja ingero z'ubucuruzi z'imishinga ibikora.

Bya A Kinini Amakuru. Amakuru ashyigikira ibikorwa birangwa n'imyifatire, na Amakuru Amatsinda Amakuru Asumbasumbane, bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo azigame A na Ibitabo.

Imirimo ya leta n’amakuru arebana n’ubutegetsi

, Amagenzura "Amategeko arenze" Kuri Gufungura Kuri i public na Kanda, na Ibyabitswe Bya Leta Kuri. Ibonerana in Ibikorwa: ni Kuri.

Amategeko ya Sunishi arebana n'impamyabumenyi, Idosiye na i Umudendezo w' amakuru, i Igikubo ya: Kuri Ibisobanuro:. Gufungura Amategeko ya leta, itangira imyitwarire y'imbonerahamwe, na imyitwarire ya leta, na imyanya bahuriramo mu gihe cyayo cy'icyumweru.

Inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zihuza n'amategeko ya FOI, ku ishyiraho inyandiko za leta zihurira mu buryo bwihuse muri kuburabuzwa.

Kuri Urukiko, ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cy'ibonerana. Mu gihe bimwe na bimwe mu bikorwa bishobora gupfukiranwa kugira ngo birinde amakuru arebana n'impuzabitsina cyangwa uburenganzira bw'ibihagararo, ihame rusange ni uko icyitonderwa gishyirwa ku mugaragaro. Amategeko yo kwirinda inyandiko z'irengandero na ko kugenzura ibintu bigenzura ko Sisitemu y'ibyacamanza ikomeza kuba n’urubanza ruhagarike.

Imirimo Bya Kurema Gishya ya: Ibonerana Inturo Leta Gihinguranya kiri kuri interineti, Gufungura Ibyatanzwe, na Bya Ibisobanuro. Amagenzura amategeko Kuri Gutanga i Ibyiciro Bya Ibisobanuro: kiri kuri interineti mu buryo bwikora:, i ya: na Ibisobanuro Birenzeho Kuri i public.

Irinda ry’Umworo N’uruhare Rwabo mu Burenganzira bwo Gutanga Umudendezo wo Kwiruka inyuma y’Ibihugu

Amategeko ashinzwe kurinda abapfumu agira uruhare rw’ingenzi mu gushyigikira umudendezo wo gukwirakwiza umudendezo binyuriye mu kurinda abaha amakuru ku bihereranye n’ibibi abanyamakuru n’abaturage.

Amategeko akomeye arebana n’amashyiriro akoreshwa mu guhonda, arinda abantu babivugaho ubwiyandarike, urugero nko kwihorera, gusenya cyangwa gutoteza. Nanone kandi, ashobora gutanga uburyo bwo kwivuna ibirego byemewe n’amategeko bibuza amasezerano ahishwe cyangwa ibindi birego mu gihe abantu barebye ko bishishikajwe.

hagati na Kanda ni. ku Kuri, mu gihe abanyamakuru bakenera ko batangaza amakuru y' amakuru kugira ngo bashyire ahagaragara na A Kuri Kuri i public. Amatsinda y' amategeko arinda abanyamakuru na amabwiriza yabo, atuma imimerere y' ingirakamaro ku bihereranye na leta na Ibyifuzo by' amatsinda.

, Ibirinda by' imihihibikano. Gicurasi OYA Irinda Bya Ibisobanuro Bituzuye, Gicurasi Mbere Rusange, Cyangwa Gicurasi OYA Kuri n’abandi bashinzwe gukora.

Imiryango mpuzamahanga yashyizeho amahame agenga ibyo kurinda abavuza amasaku, izirikana ko ibyo bintu by’ingenzi kugira ngo abantu barwanye ruswa kandi bateze imbere uburumbuke.

Uruhare rw’amoshya n’ubuvandimwe bw’isi yose

Ibihugu biharanira ubutegetsi bishobora gukoresha ububasha bwabyo kugira ngo bitere abandi inkunga yo kubaha umudendezo wo guhatira abantu kurengera, kandi abarenga ku mategeko bagire icyo bababaza.

Kuva kera, itangazamakuru ritanga uburenganzira bwo kwakira abantu, ryagiye ryibonekeza ko ari ikintu cy’ingenzi kigize umutekano n’ibikorwa by’igihugu cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, bikozwe n’ubutegetsi bw’amahanga cyangwa imiryango igabanya umutekano wa orudinateri, kandi ibyo bituma Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zirushaho guhangayika ku buryo uburenganzira bw’abantu buke buzanwa n’impamvu zishobora guterwa n’impamvu.

ni i Itegeko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika ryo guciraho iteka ibitero bikorerwa ku mudendezo ukoreshwa n'abanyamakuru bashyira umutekano mu kaga, guteza imbere no gufasha izindi leta mu guteza imbere agaciro k'ikinyamakuru kirebana n'uburenganzira, no gushyigikira umudendezo ushyirwa mu bihugu bishya biwushyira mu kandi gace k'isi.

Igabanuka ry'uburenganzira bw'ibinyamakuru rizakomeza kugaragara mu gihe hazaba hatakiriho abayobozi bakomeye bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, mu Banyateriyo, n’ibindi binyamushoma, na na na n’abayobozi bakomeza kunenga ibintu by'ibyatanzwe, ubushobozi bwa Washington bwo gushyira mu bikorwa itsinda ry'ibitangaza birebana n'umudendezo ku isi hose.

Imiryango mpuzamahanga, imibanire y’abantu n’ibiro by’inzego zishinzwe iby’ubucuruzi, byose bishobora gushyigikira amahuriro y’ubucuruzi, amasezerano y’imishinga yo guharanira iterambere, n’inzego z’ubutegetsi, byose bishobora gushishikariza ibihugu gutera inkunga yo gushyigikira uburinzi bwemewe n’amategeko, kugira ngo bigire uruhare mu gutuma abantu barushaho kugira umudendezo kandi banonosora ibikorwa byabyo.

Icyakora, ibice mpuzamahanga bifite aho bigarukira. Ibihugu bishobora kurwanya ibyo babona ko ari ukwivanga mu bikorwa byabyo byo mu rwego rw’ifasi, kandi rimwe na rimwe inyungu z’iby’ubukungu cyangwa umutekano bishobora kuza mu mwanya wa mbere kurusha imyitwarire y’umudendezo mu mishyikirano ifitanye n'andi mashyamirano.

Imyifatire y'akarere mu mpuzamahanga yo kurinda umudendezo ukoreshwa kuri interineti

Gusobanukirwa izo gahunda z’imiyoboro y’ibitabo binyuranye bifasha abantu kurinda umudendezo, bitanga ubushishozi mu buryo butandukanye, kandi bigaragaza ko hari imigenzo itandukanye y’amategeko, politiki n’imico itandukanye.

U Burayi na i Burayi bikomeza umudendezo uhebuje w'ibinyamakuru byabonetse ku isi hose, hakurikijwe ibinyamakuru bidafite imipaka. Ibihugu by’i Burayi muri rusange bifite uburinzi bukomeye bwigenga, amategeko yakorewe imbere, na imikorere y'ishyirahamwe y'amategeko y'ishyirahamwe mu mwanya w'ubwihisho.

Ibihugu by'i Burayi bidafite akarere k'i Burayi, birimo Kanada, Nouvelle Zélande, Timor - Leste, Samoa na Jamayika, bigaragaza ko hanze y'u Burayi hari umutekano ukomeye w'imashini zicapa, na byo bikaba birimo amategeko agenga abanyamakuru kandi akaba ari byo byiyemeza ko bashyirirwaho amakuru.

Ubutaka bwo Hagati na Afurika y’Amajyaruguru ni bwo bushya bw’isi bwa kabiri bukoreshwa mu gucengeza ku isi umudendezo, mbere y’u Burasirazuba bw’u Burasirazuba. Muri ako karere, abanyamakuru bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye, hakubiyemo amategeko abuzanya ibintu, ibitotezo n’urugomo, mu bihugu byinshi bidafite uburinzi bukwiriye ku buryo birinda umudendezo w’inyakubahirizwa.

Ibihugu byinshi byo muri Amerika y’Epfo, hakubiyemo na Arijantine, Brezili, Kolombiya na Peru, bifite uburenganzira bwemewe n’amategeko (ibyanditswe n’amategeko y’ifashishi y’i FoI), hamwe n’amategeko anyuranye ya FoI, n’ubwo mu bihugu byinshi byo muri ako karere hakomeza kuvuka ibibazo.

Incuro nyinshi, ibihugu byatangiye gushyirwaho mu butegetsi butwaza igitugu, kandi bigashyiraho inzego zishinzwe gusohora umudendezo, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi bwashyizweho bushobora guhangana n’ibibazo bitandukanye bifitanye isano n’ihinduka ry’imikorere y’itangazamakuru no guhindura imiterere y’ibinyamakuru.

Gukemura ibibazo by’amategeko n’ibibazo bizavuka

Uko ikoranabuhanga n’abantu bigenda bihinduka, ni na ko ibibazo bishya by’amategeko byo guharanira umudendezo bikomeza kubaho.

na Bigyanye ya: Kanda na Kuri ya: - Ibikubiyemo. Gukina Inshingano in Amakuru na Ikwirakwiza, By' amategeko Gicurasi Kuri Aderesi: Kanda Gushyiraho in iyi Imvugiro.

na Ibitangazamakuru Gishya ya: ya: hagati na. i Bya i Kuri Koresha Ibikoresho ya: Impamvu Nka Inkomoko Cyangwa.

- Imbibi Ibisobanuro: Kurema Amagenzura Nka Ibirimo: in Rimwe Igihugu: Byagezweho:. Amategeko ya: Gicurasi, na Gicurasi Kurebana n' amategeko mu bihugu Nta na rimwe. na Bya Gicurasi Kuri Aderesi:.

Ihinduka ry'imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’ibinyamakuru bigenga ibidukikije, bitera ibizamo, kubera ko hari ubutegetsi bugerageza kubuza abanyamakuru gusesengura ibibazo bifitanye isano n’ikirere cyangwa kwihorera, kugira ngo barebe niba ikirere gifitanye isano n’ikirere gifite agaciro.

Ikiza cya CYOPD - 19 cy'ubwijime bw'ubwijime bw'ubwijime bwakoreshwa mu guciraho iteka amategeko ku gihagararo. Igicucu cy'ihuriro Leta, irebana n'ubutegetsi, na urugomo mu bihugu byombi bitwa ko bitwa ko bitwara ubutegetsi na demokarasi, na abatware baho bazira ko ku bihereranye n'icyorezo cy'indwara mu bihugu byinshi. Amatsinda y'amategeko aremerera ku bihereranye n'uburwayifasire bwa public mu gihe Kanda, ni ikibazo gikomeza.

Intambwe z’Ingenzi zo gukomeza Uburinzi Bushingiye ku Mategeko

Kugira ngo amategeko afashe abantu kurinda amakuru y’umudendezo n’amakuru atangwa ku buntu, bisaba ko hakorwa ibintu byinshi, kuva ku mabwiriza agenga amategeko ahari kugeza ku yashyizweho.

, Ibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibibi by'ifatizo, ibyifuzo bishobora kutaba ngombwa kugira impagaragararizo i Kuri Ibisobanuro: NIBA amategeko agenga ntahari.

Icya kabiri, ibihugu bigomba gukurikiza amategeko agenga amakuru arebana n'uburenganzira bukomeye bwo kurinda imikorere y'ibanga, kutagira aho bajya, n'imikorere igenga. Ayo mategeko yagombye gusuzumwa buri gihe kandi agasubizwamo bushya kugira ngo arebe uko ibibazo byagiye bivuka.

Icya gatatu, amategeko arinda abanyamakuru agomba gukomezwa no kwaguka. Amategeko y'ingabo z'uburebure yagombye gushyirwa ku rutonde rw'ibihugu bibuze, kandi amategeko ariho yagombye gusuzumwa kugira ngo arebe niba arinda mu buryo bukwiriye mu gihe cy'imibare.

Icya kane, amategeko yo gusenya yagombye guhindurwa kugira ngo habeho indi ntwaro, kugira ngo abanyamakuru batabasha kwirwanira.

Icya gatanu, uburinzi bw'abavuzi bwagombye gukomezwa kugira ngo butere inkunga yo gutanga raporo y’ibyaha no kurinda abanyamakuru.

, amategeko arebana n'ibijyanye na za orudinateri, agomba gushyirwaho mu buryo bwitondewe kugira ngo arinda umudendezo utangwa n'imashini zicapa, mu gihe arebana n’imihangayiko yemewe ku bihereranye n’ibanga, umutekano, n'ibirimo byangiza. Amategeko ya shimikiro yagombye kuba akubiyemo uburinzi bukomeye ku banyamakuru, kandi kunyurwamo byagombye gutuma abantu bashyira ku rutonde amahame y’umudendezo.

Hanyuma, imitungo ihagije igomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo hakoreshwe kandi hashyirweho inzego zishinzwe kurinda no gushyiraho umudendezo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Abagenzura inteko z'abagenzura ikeneye amafaranga ahagije n'ubwigenge kugira ngo basohoze ibyo bategetswe, na gahunda z'iby'imanza zigomba gushyirirwaho ibikenewe byose kugira ngo zikemure neza ibibazo bihereranye n’umudendezo.

Imbere: Gukomeza Amakuru na Ibisobanuro

Amakuru y’amategeko arinda amakuru y’ubwishake n’amakuru, ni ibintu bikomeye umuntu yagezeho, bisaba ko ahora ari maso kugira ngo akomeze kubyirinda kandi akomeze gukomera.

Umudendezo w’ibinyamakuru ni uw’ingenzi mu bihereranye na gahunda irangwa n’umudendezo, itajenjetse, na demokarasi, kandi amategeko arinda uwo mudendezo aba ari nk’ibihome byo kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’igitugu n’uburyarya.

Ibibazo bihanganye n'umudendezo wo gusohora amakuru muri iki gihe ni iby'ingenzi kandi bifitanye isano n'ibintu byinshi. Igenzura ry'ubukungu, imihangayiko y'ubukungu, igenzura ry'imiyoboro ya interineti, interineti, na amakuru y'ibinyoma, byose biba bishobora gutuma abanyamakuru badashobora gutanga raporo y’ubwishingizire n'abaturage bashyikirana n'ibisobanuro byiringirwa.

Gukoresha amategeko y’uruhushya, gushyigikira ibinyamakuru, gushyigikira amategeko arebana n’uburenganzira bwo guharanira umudendezo, no gushyigikira uburenganzira bw’ingenzi, byose bishyigikira ubwo burenganzira bw’ingenzi, binyuriye mu gukoresha amategeko agenga abaturage, gushyigikira ko burinda abantu mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, no kubuza abantu gukandamizwa mu buryo bwo guharanira umudendezo, byose bigira uruhare mu gutuma ubwo burenganzira bw’ingenzi bushyigikirwa.

Ubufatanye n'ubumwe mpuzamahanga na byo ni iby’ingenzi. Umudendezo wo gukwirakwiza ubutumwa urushaho kwemerwa ko ari ikintu gihangayikishwa n’abantu bo ku isi hose, aho kuba ikibazo cy’umuryango gusa. Ibihugu bifite uburinzi bukomeye bishobora gushyigikira abanyamakuru n’abaharanira ko ibintu bishyamiranya ibihugu, aho umudendezo wo guhundagaza ibiciro ubangamiye, kandi imiryango mpuzamahanga ishobora gutanga amatsinda y'akazi kugira ngo agire icyo yikorera n’ibyo yibaza.

Ihindurwa Bya Ibitangazamakuru Byombi na. Gishya Kurema Gishya Kuri Kanda, Gishya Ibikoresho ya:, Gishya Kuri na Gusangiza Ibisobanuro:, na Gishya ya: Ibonerana na. Kuri Aderesi: i Bya Gishya Kuri Kanda.

Abaturage bazi uko bagenzura neza amakuru atangwa n’abantu, bakemera ko akoreshwa mu buryo budakwiriye, kandi bagaha agaciro uruhare ruboneka mu gutanga amakuru mu birebana na demokarasi, baba bafite ibikenewe byose kugira ngo bashyigikire umudendezo no gushyigikira itangazamakuru.

Guhanga amaso imbere, kuba ubutumwa bw’umudendezo n’amakuru bizakomeza gushyirwa mu gaciro, bizaterwa no gukomeza kurinda ibibera mu mategeko, guhangana n’ibibazo bishya, gushyigikira inzego z’ibinyamakuru zigenga iby’ubukungu, no gushyigikira umuco uha agaciro utuma umuntu arushaho kugira umudendezo no kugaragara. Amategeko arinda ubwo burenganzira, ni yo atuma habaho ibintu by’ingenzi, ariko uko bigenda ahanini biterwa n’uko imiryango y’abantu yiyemeje kuyishyigikira no kuyirwanirira.

in Birenzeho Bigyanye Kanda Irinda na Bigyanye in iyi Umwanya, Ibikorana Ibisobanuro:. [[: 0% S] Webu [[: 1] Ibyatanzwe ku Kanda, i [[:] Kuri [[:] Kuri] Kuri. [[:] [:] [Imiryango] [[:]] Umuryango [[: 5] Bya Bya imvugo, na [[:] [[:]] Kanda Raporo ku na Ibindi:. na Ibice, na Kanda, na i.

Uburenganzira Kuri Kigenga Amakuru na Ibisobanuro ni OYA - Cyangwa -. Bya By' amategeko,, Ibikorana, na Kuva: Byose Bya. na Gishya, nibyo Byakuri Kuri i Ibonerana, Imibare, na Kuri Umutekano. Bya demokarasi Gicurasi ku Kurinda ya: Kuri Kuri.