Table of Contents

Ubuyobozi bw'Inzego za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, ni bumwe mu butware bw'ibanze bw'Inteko Nshingamishinga. Uwo murimo w'ingenzi wiyemeza ko ishami ry'Ikigo cy'Ikirenga rikorera mu gihe cy'amategeko, rikoresha neza amafaranga y'ikoro, kandi rigakomeza kubazwa abantu b'Abanyamerika.

Inteko Nshingano Zishinzwe Gutegeka Ni Iki?

Igenzurwa ry'Ikoraniro risobanurwa ko isubiramo, gucunga, no kuyobora inzego za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, porogaramu, imishinga, na politiki.

Icyakora, ubu bushinzwe amategeko yashyizweho muri iki gihe, bwarahindutse cyane kurusha ubu bufite itegeko ryo gushyirwaho n’imiyoboro myinshi, imishinga myinshi n’amazu byagenewe gutuma habaho ibyo kwihana binyuriye kuri leta.

, na i Porogaramu na Abapolisi, isubiramo Porogaramu na Amabwiriza na na Nyuma ya: i. iyi nsobanuro igaragaza neza neza uko ubucukumbuzi bw'ibikorwa bifitwe na Konsitanti.

Isoko ry’ubutware rishingiye ku ihame ry’amategeko

Ubutware ni ubutware bwihariye, aho kuba ubutware bufite ububasha butangwa n’Ishingiro ry’Ishingiro rya Leta, nk’uko na ko inyandiko y’amategeko ya leta idaha Inteko Nshingamite mu buryo bweruye uburenganzira bwo kubaza ibibazo cyangwa gukora ubushakashatsi ku muyobozi w’ubuyobozi, kugira ngo umuntu abone inyandiko cyangwa ibikoresho byafashwe n’umuyobozi w’ubuyobozi, cyangwa gutanga amaparuwa cyangwa ibihamya bitangwa n’umuyobozi.

Kuba nta mpaka zarabayeho ku bihereranye n’ubutegetsi mu Isezerano ry’Amateka, ni ukubera ko ubugenzuzi n’ubutware bushinzwe n’amategeko yabwo byabonwaga ko ari imbaraga zikomoka ku makoraniro ahagarariye abahagarariye abaturage, yatangizaga amategeko ya leta.

Ifashishwa rya filozofiya ryo gucunga ni Sisitemu y'Amagenzura n'uburinganire hagati y'inama n'amategeko, umuyobozi w'amategeko, na nyirabyo, na amateka. Gutandukanya ibihugu bitanga icyizere cy'uko nta ishami rimwe rya leta rishobora gukora nta cyo rizaryoza andi mateka.

Amatsinda y'ibanze yakorewe Amatsinda y'Ibihugu

Inama zishinzwe kuyobora ibiro by’ishami bigenzura ishami binyuriye mu isuzuma, kugenzura no kugenzura isohozwa rya politiki ya leta, zikoresha ubuhanga bwatangijwe n’Inteko Nshinga Mboneza za mbere zikoresheje ubushakashatsi bwihariye, gutanga raporo, no gukoresha gahunda y’impamyabumenyi, muri iki gihe igenzura umurimo uwo ari wo wose urebana n’amategeko, ndetse n’imiyoboro itandukanye, hamwe n’imiyoboro itandukanye.

Ibirego n’ubushakashatsi byakozwe na Komite

Binyuriye kuri ibi bikorwa bya kiliziya, komite zishinzwe guhamagara abayobozi kugira ngo babwirize ku bihereranye n'ibikorwa byabo, amabwiriza yabo, amabwiriza yabo, n'ikoreshwa ry'imfashanyo. Ibyo byiciro bikorana n'intego. Impamvu zinyuranye: batuma abantu bamenya imirimo y'ibigo, bashyiraho inyandiko yemewe y'ibigo, kandi bakemerera abagize Inteko Nshingano kubaza neza neza abayobozi ku byemezo n'ibikorwa byabo.

Amatsinda y'intiti akoresha iyo mbaraga ahanini binyuriye ku buryo bwayo bw'urwego, na mu gihe cy'imishinga inyuranye na internationals. Amakomite y' itsinda ashinzwe gushyikirana buri gihe ku bibazo biri mu butegetsi bwabo, mu gihe amakomite yihariye cyangwa atoranya ashobora gushingwa kugira ngo agenzure ibibazo runaka cyangwa amahano.

Bimwe mu bikorwa by’ubugenzuzi bitangwa ku mateka, ni iruhande y'imbonekarimwe binyuriye mu Guhitamo komite zishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubugome by’ibinyamwanda cyangwa ibikorwa by'ibiro by'ibihangange, nka Guhitamo mu gihe gito muri Komite y'u Bushinwa igenzura ibirwanisho bya kirimbuzi, amakuru y'i Irani - Contra mu mwaka wa 1987, na mu mwaka wa 1975 -1976.

N’ubwo ibigaragara ari iby’ingenzi, ubusanzwe bishyiramo A Gitoya Bya Igiteranyo, Na: Birenzeho na buri gihe Isubiramo, igenzura, na in Ikindi Amatsinda na, cyane cyane mu mashyirahamwe ku magenzura y'ibigega, na Nka Itanga uburenganzira bwa Porogaramu.

Imyifatire n’imyifatire y’ikoreshwa ry’imari

Ingufu Bya i Rimwe Bya Igenabihe Bya Cyane. i, i Amagenzura i Ifasi Ihabwa, ku Bikorwa ku Bikorwa na Ibikorwa. Isubiramo ry' ingengabihe ryihariye ryiyemeza ko inzego zamaze gushyirwaho na Kuri Ubwoko imyanya y' ifaranga.

, na Bya i, na i, na i Ikonteneri ya: i Konti y'Ikigo cya leta, na i, na i, i Porogaramu na Ingengabihe ya Leta, na i, na i, na i Ihuriro ry'Amagenzura, indi mikorere ya shingiro y'iyunguruzo, na imyanya y'ingengabihe y'igenagufa, indi mishinga mishya ku inguzanyo ikorwa na irebana n'imyifatire.

in. i i Kuri, Kuri na Kuri i & Ijanisha Imikemurire, i ya: i ya: i umwaka:, Hanyuma Kuri i na ku, Hanyuma Kuri Kuri Akazi Inyuma i hagati i Kabiri, na i Imikemurire ni Hanyuma Kuri i na ya: A.

Iyo hakoreshejwe iyo gahunda, inama zishobora guha ingororano inzego zishinzwe gutanga amafaranga menshi cyangwa zigahanira amafaranga make, zikoresheje amafaranga make, kandi ibyo bituma imiryango ikorana neza n’amashyirahamwe n’imihangayiko.

Amateka n’Amagenzura Bikorwa

Inzego zishinzwe gukusanya amafasi yo mu rwego rwa Leta, ikeneye ko yohereza raporo za buri gihe ku mirimo yabo, imikoro, na Koresha inguzanyo.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, Inama Nshingamateka zashyizeho ibyo igitekerezo cyo gutanga amabwiriza n’imyitozo ku birebana n’inzego zishinzwe gushyigikira inzego cyangwa amanama, kandi mu gihe Inteko Nshinga Amategeko yagabanyije gukoresha ibikoresho by’amategeko bifasha abashinzwe gucunga, zagiye zirushaho kwita ku buryo izo mategeko zishyirwaho, zigagenzura ibyo zikora, kandi zigasuzuma ingaruka zabyo.

Amagenzura y' igenzura, indi miyoboro y' igenzura. Kubaza... Kuva: i Imitungo ishinzwe gukora igenzura Porogaramu Cyangwa Ibikorwa:.

Porogaramu

Porogaramu Bya, Na: BIGEZWEHO Porogaramu ikoresha Bijyanye n' imibanire na & Ukuyobora + + Nka, Ikiguzi -, na () i Bya Porogaramu, na Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye Porogaramu Gicurasi Kuri Nka Bigyanye i Imiterere Bya Porogaramu na i Igiteranyo Bya Akira.

Gyayo Byoroheje Bijyanye n'umutungo Kuri Porogaramu na i Koresha Bya Ibikorana. Kuri Porogaramu,, Cyangwa ATARIIGIHARWE Byanzwe Bya.

Ibikorwa byo gushakisha uko twabona ibintu

Ibikorwa by'ubucungamari bikorwa n'abashinzwe iby’ubucukumbuzi, kuva ku buyobozi bw’ikigo cy’urwego, kuva ku mashuri y'abayobozi, no kuva ku bikorwa byo gushyigikira ibibazo biyoborwa n’abagize Inteko Zigize, kugeza ku mashuri yateguwe n’imiryango y'abasirikare idafite gahunda, urugero nk’abayobozi n’abagenzura bakuru.

Abayobozi b’Ikoraniro bahora baganira n’abayobozi b’ibiro by’ishami kugira ngo barebe amakuru, bakemure ibibazo bigomba guhora bibaho.

Ibikoresho n’Imbaraga Bigenewe Ubutware

Ubutware bw'Ikirenga

Imbaraga za Komishinari zo kuvana amakuru ku biro by'ishami biyobora cyangwa ku ruhame rusanzwe, ni na na ko bijya birushaho kuba byinshi.

Ubuyobozi bw'Inama n'ubushakashatsi bishobora kuba ihuriro, cyane cyane mu gihe itsinda ryihariwe ($(- Byaba umwihariko, Umuryango, cyangwa urwego rw'ibiro by'ishami) () bitanga ibisobanuro bitangwa n'amategeko inama z'ibanze zibona ko ari ngombwa kugira ngo zigenzure, na muri iyo mimerere, abashinzwe gushakisha uko babigenza, bashobora kugerageza uburyo bunyuranye kugira ngo birinde guhishura, urugero nko kuvuga ko amakuru adashobora kumenyekana bitewe n’amategeko ahariye, amategeko, cyangwa umwanzuro w’ubuyobozi.

Inama nshingano z'ubucuruzi zifite ibikoresho zifite byo kumenya amakuru binyuriye mu kuganira n'abapolisi bashinzwe gushyigikira amategeko.

Gucibwa Amasoko n’Ihame Rihatirwa Abantu Muri Zose

Iyo abantu cyangwa amashirahamwe yanze kwemeranya n'ibigo by'Ikigo cy'Ikigo, inama nshingamateka zifite amahitamo menshi. Inama nshingamateka zishobora gushakisha uko umuntu yashinjwa urubanza ku buryo adakurikiza amategeko ya kibyeyi binyuriye ku gusuzugura Inteko Nshingano, cyangwa se ko ashobora gushaka icyemezo cy'ihuriro rya Leta, gitanga icyemezo cy'uko uwo muntu ugiye gutangwaho ikibazo yagombaga kubahiriza amategeko y'amategeko, binyuriye ku gushyigikira amategeko y'amategeko y'abaturage.

Uburere bukoreshwa mu kwimakaza amategeko bugereranya imbogamizi ihagarara ku bw' igenzura, ibyemezo by'uko Inteko Nshingamishinga ishobora guhatira abantu gushyigikira, ndetse no ku bahamya cyangwa ibigo bijimye. Icyakora, ibikorwa by'iyemeza bishobora kuba ari ibikorwa bifata igihe na amahane ya politiki, mu buryo bwihariye iyo ubundi buryo bunaniwe.

Isubiramo ry’Ikoraniro

Iryo tegeko ritanga uburenganzira bwo gusubiramo amategeko, kandi rimwe na rimwe ntiyemeye, mbere y'uko biba iby’ingirakamaro.

i, Tanga Gishya Kuri Mbere INGARUKA. Hanyuma A Idirishya Kuri A Imikemurire Bya Imyifatire. A Imikemurire Byombi na ni ku i, i ni na i Itangwa Itangwa A Gishya.

Verisiyo

Imbaraga y'inama-nzego yo kwemeza ko umukuru w'ibigo bya Leta bishinzwe gushyirwaho, indi mirimo y'ingenzi y'ubugenzuzi. i Iyemeza, igenzura, igenzura ry'ibice, na imyiteguro ya: Inzego z'Ikigo.

Iyemeza rigaragaza ko ibyo umuntu asabwa bigomba gushyirwaho mu gihe cy'ikigo na ko gakora inyandiko zishobora kuba zaravuzwe mu gihe kizaza. Abamine bajya bashyiraho amasezerano mu gihe cy'iyemeza ko Konsitantine ishobora kuzakoresha nyuma y' igihe kugira ngo ikomeze kubazwa ibyo bakoze.

Uruhare rw’ibiro bya leta

ni Nka i "" na ni ku i Rusange Bya i., A Inshingano in.

na

GIO -, Ibisobanuro: Kuri na ni i "" Nka na. Byaremwe in i na Bya Kuri in i Bya NYACYO - i UMWIKUBE Kuri na i Bya i, i UMWIKUBE Kuri Igenzura i Koresha Bya, na i UMWIKUBE Kuri Ubwoko.

Rusange ni ku i, ku na Na: i na Bya i, ya: A - umwaka, - Ijambo, Na: i A Kuva: A Urutonde Bya Ku ku -, Konti: Bya. Cyo nyine Kuva: Byombi i na.

Uko agatsiko ka GO gashyigikira ubugenzuzi

Imirimo ya Gayo ikorwa mu gihe hasabwa amakomite y’amanama cyangwa amakonte cyangwa amategeko cyangwa raporo za komite, kandi igakora ubushakashatsi iyobowe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umuyobozi mukuru w’Inteko Nshinga.

INYAMAGO ishyigikira ubuyobozi bw'ibigo bishinzwe ku igenzura rya porogaramu, na Ibikorwa: Kuri Kugena niba amafaranga y'imfashanyigisho akoreshwa neza na mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza, isesengura ibirego by'ibikorwa bitemewe n'amategeko na Bidakwiriye, ku bihereranye n'uko porogaramu za leta na Amategeko bisohoza neza intego zabyo, na gushyiraho amategeko agenzura imiyoboro na Amahitamo ya: kwitabwaho.

Ubusanzwe, uwo murimo ubonerwa inyungu n’amaparuware y’abashinzwe iby’ubucamanza hamwe n’amatohoza y’abandi bayobozi bo muri leta, hakubiyemo n’abagenzura muri rusange hamwe n’Ibiro by’Ubutegetsi Byera (GAO), bishinzwe mu buryo bwihariye n’Inama nshinga, kugira ngo bishyire amabwiriza mu myanya y’ibibi, no gukoresha nabi inzego.

GAO igenzura ukuntu amafaranga y’imisoro akoreshwa, kandi igaha inteko n’ibigo bya leta, igamije, itari kate, amakuru ashingiye ku bintu kugira ngo ifashe guverinoma kuzigama amafaranga n’akazi mu buryo bwiyubashye kurushaho, igatanga amadolari y’Abanyamerika agera kuri miriyari 2,7 y’amafaranga yo guha leta.

na

Bya ku Bya Uduciro: - - Porogaramu na Ibikorwa: Kuri Kuri Kuri i Abantu; na - - - ejuru in i Bya Akazi.

i IMYAKA, i Kuri Nka "" na "" ya: na Raporo Na in, Na: Amakuru Ibitangazamakuru Igishushanyo Kuri i Akazi ku i,, na Bya Raporo, na Bya i Akazi in Kuri i Kanda,, na / Hasi ku.

Uruhare rw’abagenzura muri rusange

Uretse agakuta ka GO, abagize Inteko Nshingano yishingikiriza ku bagenzura abayobozi ba leta kugira ngo bashyireho imiyoboro igenga iby’ubucamanza n’iperereza biturutse imbere y’ibigo byabo, bakavuga ko ari bo bayobozi b’ibigo n’Inteko Nshingamishinga.

Abagenzura mu rwego rwo hejuru ni bo ba mbere mu kuburira ibibazo biba muri. Bashobora kuranga amasene, uburiganya, guhohotera, na mbere y'uko ibyo bibazo birushaho kuba amahano cyangwa ibibazo. Abayobozi ba kirengera bafite ubutware bwo gushakisha no gukora iperereza, kandi ntibashobora gukurwaho nta makuru bashingiye ku masezerano.

Sisitemu A Kabiri Imiterere. Akazi muri na Raporo ku Bishinzwe, Buri gihe yandikira raporo i Kopiyote na Amatsinda y' itsinda mu gihe bikeneye.

Intego zo kuyobora gahunda

Intego z’ubugenzuzi zikubiyemo gusuzuma ububasha bw'ibiro by'ishami biyobora, gusesengura ukuntu amategeko arimo akoreshwa, no kumenyesha Inteko Nshinga Mboneza n’abaturage, muri izo ntego zikwiriye kuvugwa mu buryo bwihariye, kubera ko zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo zirinda uburenganzira bw'ubutware bw'ubutegetsi n'ibikorwa bya leta y’Abanyamerika.

Dushyigikira Inzego Zishingiye ku Mategeko

Inzego zishinzwe gushyiraho amategeko zifite amahitamo akomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko, kandi ubugenzuzi bufasha abantu gukora uko bashoboye kose kugira ngo bashyireho ubwo bwenge mu buryo buhuje n’intego zishinzwe gushyigikira amategeko.

Hari abantu benshi batanga ibisobanuro, intiti mu bya politiki, n’abashinzwe amategeko bavuga ko Abaperesitiriji n’abayobozi b’amategeko bashobora kwirengagiza cyangwa kwirengagiza ibitekerezo bidakwiriye bigamije gukusanya ibintu mu turere dutandukanye.

Kurinda Amasakara, Uburiganya n’Ugukoresha nabi

Ubuyobozi bw'amakonte y'ubucamanza bufite uruhare rw'ingenzi mu kurinda amafaranga y’imisoro ku masenya, kuriganya no kugirira nabi. Binyuriye ku mibare, ubushakashatsi, n’isuzuma, Inama nshingamikoro ishobora kugenera ingero aho inzego zikoresha nabi amafaranga cyangwa ibikorwa bidahuje n’ihangiro.

Uyu murimo wo kurinda imisoro ikoreshwa na za miriyari z'amadolari. Iyo hakozwe porogaramu y'ishyirahamwe ikoreshwa cyangwa ibikorwa by'uburiganya, ishobora kugira icyo ikosora binyuriye ku mategeko, kugena imari, cyangwa gusesanya imishinjabi. Nanone kandi, abayobozi bazi ibikorwa byabo bashobora kwitondera ibikorwa byabo.

Ikorana ry' igenzura

ni OYA Bigyanye Kugaragaza ibibazo; ni Kuri Kugira icyo bihindura ku mikorere ya leta. Na Porogaramu, itsinda ry' amabwiriza rigaragaza ibikorwa byiza, ibyifuzo by' ifasha, na Ibice by' Ifashayobora birushaho gukora neza.

Ubuyobozi bw' inzego bishobora kuyobora ku bice bifasha gutanga umurimo, ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw'ihuriro, cyangwa bihuza neza porogaramu n'intego zayo.

Guhindura Imyanzuro Ishingiye ku Mategeko

Imishinga yo kugenzura ibintu itanga amakuru y’ingenzi mu gihe cyo gufata imyanzuro irebana n’amategeko. Binyuriye mu gusuzuma uko amategeko n'imikorere ya porogaramu bikoreshwa, Inama nshinga bishobora kugenzura imipaka irebana n’amategeko, ingaruka zitateguwe, cyangwa ahantu hakenewe amategeko mashya.

hagati na amategeko, imyanya y' amategeko ishingira ku gihamya cy'isi ku. na, Kuri na Kuva:.

Jya ukomeza kwirinda no gushyira mu gaciro

Mu buryo bw’ibanze, ubucungamyi bw’imiryango bukomeza gahunda y’inzego z’amategeko zigenga iby’ubucamanza n’uburinganire.

Igenzura Umumaro irinda ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi na umudendezo wa buri muntu ku giti cye. Iyo abashinzwe kugenzura bamenye ko bagomba guha igisubizo Inama nshingamateka, bashobora kurushaho kubaha imipaka yemewe n'amategeko ku butware bwabo, no gusuzuma uburenganzira n'inyungu by’abaturage mu gihe bafata imyanzuro.

Itotezo rya politiki

Intego za politiki z’ubugenzuzi zikubiyemo gutuma abashinga amategeko bashyirwaho neza, bahabwa itsinda ry’abashinzwe amategeko n’andi matsinda, kandi bagahabwa impaka n’ijora ry’abashinzwe porogaramu cyangwa imiryango bakunda, kandi bagakemura ibibazo bya politiki igenda irushaho gushingwa, aho imishyikirano y’Inteko Nshinga Amategeko ifitanye n’imiryango yunze ubumwe ishobora kuva ku bufatanye ijya ku macakubiri, kandi hagati ya Inteko n’Umukuru w’Ubutegetsi na ho hakaba hari imyiryango ishingiye ku mategeko ya politiki.

Kwita ku Bihereranye n’Ibihe Bitandukanye

Imbaraga y'Inteko Mpuzamahanga igenzura ibikorwa bya politiki, akenshi igambiriye kugenzura inzego ziyobowe n’abayobozi b’abashyamiranye, mu gihe igandukira cyane imiryango iyoborwa n’abagize agatsiko kabo bwite.

Icyakora, n’ubwo kuba umugenzuzi w’abashinzwe kurwanya abaturage bishobora kugira ingaruka zikwiriye.

Urutonde na

Incuro nyinshi, imanza z’amazu y’ubutegetsi zirebana n’ibikorwa by’itangazamakuru, zigahita zigaragaza ibikorwa by’ibigo bya leta, kandi ibyo bituma abaturage basuzuma uko ubutegetsi bukora, kandi bakamenya ko ibikorwa byabo n’iby’Inama nshingamishinga byabiryozwaga.

Amakuru y’urutabo ashobora kwigisha abaturage ibihereranye na politiki y’ingenzi n’imirimo ya leta, aho abategetsi bashinzwe gusobanurira kandi bakarwanirira imyanzuro yabo mu ruhame, ibyo bikaba bituma abantu badahora baryozwa amanama y’abantu gusa, ahubwo bakabimenyesha n’abaturage b’Abanyamerika.

Kubika

Iyo abaturage bahuye n’ibibazo n’abayobozi ba leta, akenshi bajya babaza abahagarariye iyo nama. Ibyo bibazo bishobora guhishura ibibazo byagutse bigomba gushyirwa mu nama.

ku Amatsinda mpuzabikoresho Ibisobanuro: - urwego. in Gukusanya ibyifuzo: Kuri i Gukusanya.

Ibibazo by’Ugucunga Inteko N’Imbaraga Zifite

Ibyinjizwa

Inteko Nshingano zifite inzitizi zikomeye mu birebana no kuyobora inzego, leta ishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa byinshi, kandi hari amatsinda n’imiyoboro ibarirwa mu magana ishinzwe kugenzura.

Ibyo bintu bidafite aho bigarukira, bigomba gushyira imbere imihati yayo yo kuyobora, bibanda ku bibazo by’ingenzi cyane kurusha ibindi cyangwa ku nzego zishinzwe amafaranga menshi kurusha izindi.

Name=Imibare

Amatsinda ashinzwe iby’imirimo ashinzwe iby’ubucamanza, amenya byinshi kurusha uko inama z’abasirikare zibigenza, ibyo bintu bikaba bituma gucunga amazu y’abashinzwe iyo gahunda bibagora, kubera ko Inteko Nshingano zigomba kwishingikiriza cyane ku nzego zishinzwe gutanga amakuru ahuje n’ukuri kandi yuzuye ku birebana n’ibikorwa byazo bwite.

Amatsinda y'imyuga ashobora kuba afite impamvu zitera kubuza abantu gutanga amakuru adakwiriye cyangwa gutanga imirimo yabo mu buryo bwuje isomo.

Ibyiza n’Ibanga Bitangwa

Rimwe na rimwe ishami ryigenga rirwanya ubucungamari binyuriye mu kwemeza ko rifite inshingano y'ubuyobozi bw'ubuyobozi cyangwa indi myanzuro yo ku ibanga. Ibyo bitekerezo bishobora gutuma havuka intambara nyinshi zirebana n’amategeko, zigamije guharanira uburenganzira bw'Amajyaruguru bwo kubona amakuru cyangwa guhatira abantu gutanga ubuhamya.

Imyaka myinshi ishize yabaye igihe cy’imbaraga cyo gucunga amategeko n’imikorere ishinzwe gucunga amanama, hagakorwa amanama anyuranye yagenzuye abantu, kandi ibiro by’ishami bishinzwe iby’ubucungamari hamwe n’Inama z’Ikigo Bishinzwe Gushinzwe Imirimo Bigatangira Uburyo Bushya n’Ibyemeza, mu Gihe cy’Impamvu z’Amategeko, mu Gihe cy’Imishinga Ishinzwe Ubucunganzira, mu Gihe cy’Inama Zinyuranye, Hakoreshejwe Ibitabo Binyuranye, Hafiki Bishinzwe Ibikorwa Bishinzwe Uburyo Bushya na Bishinzwe Gushinzwe Gushinzwe Gushinzwe Gushinzwe Imyifatire, Hagatabo, Haganje Bishinzwe Ibihe Bishinzwe Ibihe Bishinzwe Imyifatizwa mu Bushya, mu Gushinzwe Imyifatire y’Imyifatire y’Amato y’Amato, mu Gushinzwe Imyifato y’Indere, mu Imirizo Bihe, mu Imirizo Bihe Bihe Bihe Bihe Bihe Bihe Bihe Bihe, mu Biherizo Bihe Biheri

Ibibazo by’ubwifatanye

Amakomite agizwe n'amwe afite ubutware bwigabanyije ku nzego cyangwa ku bibazo bimwe.

Gushyikirana muri komite akenshi bigorana bitewe n’imyidagaduro ishyamiranya kandi ishyira ibintu mu mwanya wa mbere.

Imibereho ya vuba aha mu gihe cy’ubutware bushinzwe gushyigikira ingamba

Ubutware bwo Muri Iki Gihe

. Amahinduka Kuri i Bisanzwe (% PRODUCTNAME) y' Ishusho Bya na Amabwiriza in Kuri A Kubaza... ku Abahanzi Bya Kuri Amahitamo ya: Bya, Na: Kabiri Ofise Bya: A Bya na A Bya.

Iyo nshingano nshya ishobora guhora igenzura amategeko, igasuzuma amategeko agenga amahinyu agenga amahimbirwa y’amahinguriro, kandi igatanga ubuhanga bwayo bwo gufasha mu bugenzuzi bwa komite ishinzwe gushyigikira amashyirahamwe.

: "Kongera A Kugenzura ku Umurimo,", Na: Bya i Bishinzwe i Bya na.

Ubuhanga bwa none n'ubuhanga bwa none

Amatsinda y'intiti arushaho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga na Ibyatanzwe kugira ngo arusheho kunonosora ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyobora. Ibyatanzwe yateye imbere ishobora gufasha kugenekereza uburyo bwo gusesanya, uburiganya, cyangwa kutagira icyo bugeraho, ku buryo budashobora kugaragara binyuriye ku buryo bw'ubugenzuzi bwa kera.

Ibikoresho Kuri,, na Porogaramu.

Imbaraga zo gukomeza umuvuduko

Inteko Nshingano yakomeje umutekano ku bavuzi b’amasase, bamamaza ko bapfusha ubusa, cyangwa ko bagirira nabi abakozi ba leta.

Imbarutso na i Ishobora kuguma Birahishe. Kuri Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye.

Gahunda ya Komite Ishinzwe Ubugenzuzi

Komite Zihagarara

Ibyinshi mu bikorwa byo gucunga amanama, biba binyuriye kuri komite zishinzwe guhagarara, zifite ubutware bw’iteka ku nzego runaka zigenga politiki n’ibigo bikorera muri utwo turere. Urugero, Komite z'ubuhinzi zigenzura Urwego rw'ubuhinzi, mu gihe Komite Zishinzwe Ubucukumbuzi zo mu Rwego Rushinzwe Uburengerazuba zo zigenzura Urwego rw’Uburengerazuba.

Komite Ishinzwe Guharanira Ivugurura y’Inzu y’Abategetsi n’Inteko Nshinganyamategeko, ishinzwe iby’Ubutegetsi bw’Ikigo Cyigenga, ifite uburenganzira bwo gusura ubutegetsi hafi ya bwose, igenzura kandi isesengura ibikorwa bya leta kugira ngo igenzure ubutunzi bwayo n’ukuntu bukorana neza, kandi igatanga ibyemezo bishingiye kuri raporo za GAO, kandi amategeko yo mu Nzu y’Ubutegetsi bw’Ivugurura, asaba ko ibyo yagezeho hamwe n’ibyemeza, byagenzurwa binyuriye mu guha uburenganzira amafasiderizo, mu gihe babihawe mu gihe gihuje n’imikorere yabyo.

Na

Rimwe na rimwe, amanama ashyiraho komite zishinzwe guhitamo cyangwa zidasanzwe kugira ngo zigenzure ibibazo runaka cyangwa amahano.

Amakomande Amakoro Byagutse Ibisabwa Na Kuva: Igikubo Bihagaze Na: Bihuje. Nyuma isoza na Raporo z'irangiza.

Imyanya

Akazi k'ubucunga - genzura kakorwa ku i urwego, aho abagize imyanya bashobora kwitoza ubuhanga bwihariye mu nzego zihariye za politiki. Inzego zishinzwe gucunga amarenga, raporo z'ibigo bishinzwe, na ikomeza imishyikirano ihoraho na bo.

Inteko y’Ubuyobozi n’Ubushakashatsi, ifite ubutware kuri buri rwego na porogaramu igenzurwa na Komite yuzuye, ishinzwe guhagarikira inzego za leta zishinzwe iby’ingenzi mu miteguro y’amategeko, no kuva mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1700, kugenzura gahunda z’amakoraniro hamwe no gukora ubushakashatsi, byagiye birushaho kunonosora ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, kandi bigatuma habaho iterambere rikomeye mu bya politiki.

Imyitozo myiza kurusha iyindi yo kuba umutware

Kuri

Amakomiti akomeza gushyikirana n’abashinzwe gushyikirana n’abashinzwe kugenzura ibibazo, kandi asuzuma raporo zitangwa buri gihe, hamwe n’imyifatire ya buri gihe, ni yo arushaho kuba ingirakamaro kugira ngo amenye ibibazo hakiri kare kandi yizere ko akomeza kugira icyo abazwa.

Nanone kandi, ikurikiranyabikorwa bikomeza bifasha komite kongera ubumenyi bw' imiryango ku bihereranye n'ibikorwa, bigatuma zirushaho kuba inararibonye na ingirakamaro. Gusezeranya n'ibigo bya buri gihe bibana n'abashinzwe gushyikirana na bo, bishobora gutuma haboneka uburyo bwo gushyikirana na gukemura ibibazo.

Gufatanya mu biparti

Ubugenzuzi bugira ingaruka nziza cyane mu gihe buyobowe mu rwego rw'ifatiro. Iyo bombi bemeye ko ikibazo gikwiriye gusuzumwa, ibikorwa by'ubucungamyi bigira icyizere kurushaho, kandi bikaba bishobora kurushaho gutuma habaho ihinduka rikomeye.

Nanone kandi, ubucungamyi bwirinda akaga ko gusesengura ibintu, ku buryo bitazabonwa ko ari imyitozo y'imyitozo gusa.

- Gihinguranya ku

Gukora ubushakashatsi na gutanga raporo nta cyo bivuze mu gihe Inteko Nshinga Amategeko itakurikije ibyo isabwa. Ubuyobozi bw'ibanze busaba Inteko Nshingano ikoresha amategeko n'impamyabumenyi zayo kugira ngo ishyireho ihinduka rishingiye ku bintu byagezweho by'ubucukumbuzi.

Amakomiti agomba kugenzura niba anteko zishinzwe gushyigikira ihinduka na Kuri.

Gufatanya n’Indi Mibiri Ifite Ingufu

Inama zishinzwe guhagarikira imirimo yayo zagombye gushyikirana n’izindi nkombi z’abacungami, harimo abagenzura muri rusange, mu buryo bw’igayo, na leta y’aho ziherereye.

Ibisobanuro: na Amahitamo, Ubwoko i & Game na. i Imitungo iyobora izana ibitekerezo bitandukanye na, na Bituma Hoseass internations bifatanya mu mirimo.

Igihe kizaza cy’ubugenzuzi bw’amakoraniro

Guhangana n’ibibazo

Uko ubutegetsi bugenda burushaho kuba indiri na iterambere mu bya tekiniki, ni na ko umugenzuzi w' inzego agomba gucunga ibibazo bishya. Inzego zirushaho gukora mu nzego z'ikoranabuhanga zikeneye ubumenyi bwihariye kugira ngo zigenzure neza. Inteko n'ibikoresho bya ngombwa kugira ngo zigenzure ibyo bikorwa bihanitse.

Ibibazo bivuguruzanya, urugero nk’ibya interineti, ubwenge bw’abantu n’amakuru agenga ibintu, bituma havuka ibindi bibazo bitoroshye, bishobora kuba bitakemuwe n’uburyo busanzwe.

Gukomeza ubushobozi bwo gukora mu rwego rw’imishinga

Kugira ngo inama nshingano iyobore neza umurimo mu kinyejana cya 21, ishobora kuba ikeneye gushimangira inshingano zayo, ikubiyemo kubona abakozi b’abahanga kurushaho, gushora mu bya tewolojiya no gushakisha amakuru mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa gushyiraho ibiro bishya bishyigikira abashinzwe imirimo y’ubugenzuzi.

Ibitekerezo byatanzwe ku Biro by’Inama z’Amategeko Bishinzwe Gushinzwe Gukora Imyitozo n’Ibiro by’Inama z’Amategeko, bigaragaza ingero z’ukuntu Inama z’Amakoraniro zishobora gutuma zirushaho kuba ihuriro ry’ubugenzuzi.

Gukomeza Kwiringira Abantu Bose

Iyo abaturage babona ko Inteko Nshinga Amategeko igenzura ibikorwa byayo babigiranye umwete kandi ikabiryoza, baba bizeye cyane ko ubutegetsi bukorera mu ruhame.

Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo, iyo inama idafite icyo igeraho mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi, bishobora gutuma abantu bananirwa kumenya ibibazo birebana n’ibigo bishinzwe cyangwa ibibazo by’inzego zishinzwe, abaturage bashobora kubura kwizera imiyoboro n’Inama z’Ikigo.

Igisoza

Binyuriye mu matwi, ubushakashatsi, igenzura ry’imari, n’ibindi bikorwa, abagize Inteko Nshingano bagenzura ibikorwa byemewe n’amategeko, bakarinda imyanda no gukoresha nabi, bakarushaho gukora neza no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo byemewe n’amategeko.

N’ubwo ubucungamyi buhanganye n’ibibazo bifitanye isano n'imyifatire irebana n’ibibi, amakuru arebana n’imyifatire ya politiki, biracyari iby’ingenzi ko ubutegetsi bwirengera.

Mu gihe ubutegetsi bugenda buhinduka, n'ibibazo bishya bivuka, ubucungamari bugomba gucunga kandi bukomezwa. Binyuriye mu gukomeza ubushobozi bw'ubugenzuzi bukomeye no kubukoresha mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza, Inama nshingamite y'amategeko ishobora gutuma imiryango y'urwego y'urwego y'Abanyamerika ikorera neza, mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, kandi bwibonerana.

Birenzeho Ibisobanuro: Bigyanye, i [[: 0% S] Cyangwa Raporo Kuva: i [[:]] [[: 3.]