Dusobanukirwe igishushanyo cya politiki mu Miryango Inyuranye

Mu mibanire y'imiryango irangwa n'ivanga ry'ubwikunde, ry'idini, cyangwa ry'indimi, imiterere y'inzego za politiki ziba itsinda ry'ibinyuranyo bine ry' amahoro, umutekano, n'ibinyuranyo. Kabiri binyuranye ya: Gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwa gipolitiki (-"Imishinga y'igihagararo na"") n'Ibice bya gihangano""""). Byombi bigamije gutegeka neza, amahame y'ibanze, imikorere, na ingaruka zigaragara. Iyi ngingo igaragaza neza uko ya gahunda ebyiri, ingirabuzimafatiro, ibigezweho byazo, imbaraga, intege, n'inshinga, na imiterere byabyo, buri mirongo ikwiriye cyane.

Ibyiza bya politiki biterwa n'ikurikizwa ry'igihagararo gifitanye isano n'ubutegetsi bwinshi n'ubundi butegetsi. ihitamo hagati igenga na imyitwarire y'ibiro bigenga abantu, si imyitozo gusa; ihereranye n'isi igera ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni baba mu bice bimwe, nka Libani, Bubiligi, Irilande y'Amajyaruguru, Kenya, na i UNITEGO.

Ishyirahamwe mu Bijyanye n'Imikorere

, Nka Cyangwa UMWIKUBE -, ni A Urugero Bya ya:. Ijambo ku in i na, ku Bya Gitoya nka i,,,, na. Imirongo y'idini na Indimi, i Amatsinda Amatsinda Yose.

Bya ni in A, < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > in A < / > < / >, < / > < / > < / >, < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > <

  1. [[: 0% S] - - Inyago Bya in i. Bya A UMWE -, A Kuva: i,,, Cyangwa Amatsinda. Urugero:, in, i Buri gihe Byombi - na - Abayobozi.
  2. [[: 0% S] Cyangwa [:] - Amatsinda i UMWIKUBE Kuri Funga. i Kuva: i Bya Gitoya Amatsinda., i UMWIKUBE - Kwambukiranya - Gushyigikira ya: Urufunguzo Gihinguranya A Bya.
  3. [[: 0% S] [[:] - - in, public Serivisi, na in i Bya Leta Ibikorana ni Kuri Ingano:. ni Gihinguranya, Nka i - Urutonde Sisitemu Cyangwa i UMWE., i ku A BIHAMYE Igice.
  4. [[: 0% S] - A Dogere Bya - KURI, Nka, Ururimi:, na Bwite Imimerere Amategeko. i Ifishi% S: Bya, Cyangwa. Sisitemu na Na: Igenzura Bya hafi.

ni OYA A - Ingano: - Byose. Byashyizweho in Amafishi., i in na Ishinga rya Kabiri ryashyizeho i Isosiyeti na umuyobozi/ uyobora Kuri () na ()., i Kuri Guhuza Inzego Nyuma ya Ayahenese. Iposita -, i Bya () i UMWIKUBE - hagati i na i ya: A.

, in Igenamiterere, i (-"") Kuri na.

Inyigisho ya filozofiya y’ubutegetsi bwa gihanga (Prosophy of the Geothgassist) ni iki?

, Ku, ni i i (Cyangwa) Bya i UMWIKUBE Kuri Ubwoko Bifatanya ku i., Nka Itangira - Itangira - i Shyiraho Umukono () Cyangwa Kabiri - IBURUNGUSHURA, i Cyangwa Na: i Cyangwa Ofise. ni na, Kuri, Guhinahina.

Imizi Bya in. nka na - Jacques Rousseau i Bya i in Itondekanya Kuri i Rusange., Mu buryo bwitondewe, in Na: -.,,, na (ya:) Byose Koresha ya: Ntoya, ni A, i Bya Sisitemu.

Bya Gushyiramo:

  • [[: 0% S] - [[:] -, Rimwe Kuri Ifishi% S: A,. A Gusiba Bya.
  • [[: 0% S] - -, Nka ni Birutwa ya: in.
  • [[: 0% S] - - [: 1] -, Rimwe, na i Na: i, ATARIIGIHARWE NIBA OYA Gitekaanye:. i na.
  • [[: 0% S] [[: 1] - Kabiri - Inyabubiri, na.

Abashyigikira ko iyobora rya gipolitiki, ryitondewe mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza, ubuyobozi bwa politiki, na demokarasi. Bagaragaza ko ubutegetsi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika ari igihamya cy’uko ubutegetsi bwa benshi bushobora kubana n'amategeko ya demokarasi agenga abantu, mu gihe habonetse uburinzi bukomeye ku bw' uburenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye n’ubucamanza bwigenga.

, Impugukirwa Kuva: na UMWIKUBE., A Bihoraho i Sisitemu,. Kuri, Nka in i - Amategeko: i, Kuri A Imirimo., in, i - -, i Byahawe imyanya irangamimerere Kuri na Nyuma Intego i.

Gugereranya Isano ry’Ikibano n’Imibare: Isesengura ry’Ibiganiro

Sisitemu Akazi Bihebuje in A Imvugiro, ni Kuri Kugereranya# Kwambukiranya Igikubo Ingero. Imbonerahamwe munsi Urufunguzo Ibinyuranyo, i ku Akadomo.

Dimension Consociationalism Majoritarianism
Inclusivity High – all major groups guaranteed representation in government and decision-making. Low – large minorities can be permanently excluded from executive power.
Efficiency of Decision-Making Slow – requires negotiation and consensus among multiple parties. Fast – a single party can implement its agenda quickly.
Electoral System Proportional representation or mixed-member proportional. First-past-the-post, two-round system, or other plurality-based systems.
Representation of Minorities Explicitly institutionalized; groups have veto power over vital interests. De facto marginalized; no guaranteed access to power.
Stability Can be stable if elites cooperate; risk of paralysis or group entrenchment. Stable if majority is moderate; risk of majoritarian tyranny and rebellion.
Accountability Diffuse – many parties share responsibility, making voter judgment difficult. Clear – voters can easily reward or punish a single ruling party.

Imikoranire

- Bidakora ni hagati na. ku Byose Amatsinda A Ku i Imbonerahamwe, iyi Ku i Ikiguzi Bya Buhoro, -. Ibitego ya: Umuvuduko na. A Igikorwa Umuvuduko < > < / > Nka A Cyangwa Gusenyuka < > < / > Sisitemu Gicurasi Inyuma A Rimwe., in Njyakuzimu hagati, A Nka A, Nyobora Kuri - - Abakoresha Cyangwa.

Ingaruka z' Sisitemu

Sisitemu ni i. Koresha Gitoya Kuri Ifishi% S: Bya () Kuri Uburemere. Urugero:, in i, i ya: Icyinjijwe ni hasi 0% S.% S.% Bya i), Gitoya Kuri Win. Inyuranyamigaragarire, nka. i, i, i Akira A Gitoya Gusangiza Bya ibituro Ijanisha, i na KURI. i, na Bya.

Uburenganzira bw'itsinda buhagarariwe n'Umuryango w'Ikiremwamuntu ku giti cye

Ubushingiro bw'Ikinyabuzima bushingiye ku kwemeza uburenganzira bw' Itsinda, igisobanuro Igaragariro rya gipolitiki ni ibyerekeranye n'ishyaka, idini, cyangwa indimi.

Ingaruka ku mwuka wo mu rwego rw’imibereho no ku kutavanaho imitsi mu bya politiki

ku Imikemurire Bivanze Bigyanye Sisitemu Biteza imbere amahoro ahoraho. Icyitonderwa cyavugiwe na Lijphart cy' icyiciro cya demokarasi birushaho na Birutwa in Ibice bitandukanye. Urugero:,,, hagati na,, ni A demokarasi ya: A Birenga Ikinyejana, Kuri Ibiranga.,,, Ubusosiyeti, na -.

, ni OYA A. nka < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < > < / > < > < >

, in Ibihugu Bitandukanye A Icyabitswe in. Amasenyuka Bya Yugosilaviya, i Itsembabwoko, na i Intambara ya giturage ya Sri Lanka, Byose in Na: Cyangwa - Itsinda ry'Ikigabane Byanze Kuri Kurinda Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga., A na, Gutangiza Sisitemu ya:, ikoresha A Sisitemu ya: Ntoya. ni in in Kuri i Ibyiciro Bikomeye, Sisitemu in A, na ya: Barutwa.

Iperereza ry’ibyabaye mu mateka n’iry’ibiheruka kubaho

U Bubiligi: Leta y’Abahanga mu by’Ubucukumbuzi

Kuva: A - Leta Kuri A Igihugu: Na: Bifitanye isano Indimi. Ishyirahamwe Bya i Ikinyejana cya 20, Ururimi in i, Igenga ry'Umuco ya: i na, na A Bishinzwe,., guhera 2010,, Byongeyeho igihe kirekire A Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika Byose Kuri, i Bya Ikiyega.

Ihindurwa rishya riturutse ku butegetsi

Ishinga rya Ishinga rya Kabiri ryashyizeho A GYUMENTI Ishinga ry'Ikigo gishinzwe ishyirahamwe na Amashyirahamwe Bigenga. Ishyirahamwe, Na: Kwambukiranya - Imbibi na, Kuva: na. (.., Kuva: Kuri), i ni Nka Byakunze. Sisitemu, Na: KURI Ikiranga Nka i Ururimi: na Iposita - Imirimo.

Ubwami bw’Ubwongereza: Uburyo bwa mbere bwo guharanira ko habaho ikigeragezo

Urugero ni A Bisanzwe Sisitemu Na:, UMWE -, na. Bijyanye na leta idatsinzwe ya Leta ya FP, na, na. Ibyiciro bya Leta bihoraho mu binyejana, na. Kuva: i Imyifatire ya Cyane (Imiyoboro ya Historike) yavuye mu Buporotesitanti na Poronye (Kuri) isaba ko ubwigenge bwa kabiri., isosiyete ya "" (Imiyobozo ya mbere y' umwaka wa 1972) yaturutse ku butegetsi n'urwikebaguke rw'Abaporotesitanti, kuyobora i. Gusunika mu bibazo by'imyifatire.

Kenya: Na: -

i Iposita -, A Gishya in A Sisitemu Na: A, A UMWIKUBE -: i na Kuva: NIBA Oya A., i Kuri, Bya hafi ya: Amatsinda. Sisitemu (A) na (,), Ibintu, na Far Kinini - Ingano: Utoranya, Gusigara.

Ibivugwaho n’Imibare

Mbese, Ubutunzi bw’Inzego z’Ikibano Bwoba Ari Ubucakubiri?

Bya i ni Cyangwa ku i Bya A Bisangiwe Ikiranga., Herekana% S na Kugaragaza: Na: i Leta.,, Imikoro, na i Sisitemu ni Bya i Gushyigikira Abakoresha na. ya: "" Kwambukiranya - Itsinda Ibinyuranyo.

Mbese, Idini rya Gitugali Rishobora Gushingwa n’Inteko Zirinda Abantu?

ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byahinduye imyitwarire y'ibiciro bya gihanga, nk'inyandiko y'uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga, na inzego z'ururimi ruke.

Umwuka w’imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga

Sisitemu Ivugurura ni A Urufunguzo Itegeko. Na: Bivanze - Bijyanye n' imibare () Cyangwa - Kuri Kwimura Byose i Kuri., i Hindura Kuva: Kuri in na Gitoya () A Ijwi. Guvanga i Bya Ibintu (Umubiri -) Na: i Bya.

Umwanzuro: Guhitamo icyitegererezo gikwiriye cy’umuryango w’abantu bicamo ibice

Imyifatire na Ishyirahamwe ni biruta. ku i, na Imvugiro. A ya: Njyakuzimu - Igihugu: ku Amatsinda Amatsinda Asangiza UMWIKUBE., Ku i Ikiguzi Bya Amatsinda, na -., Na: Bya Bya na, Bihebuje in Bifitanye isano Cyangwa Na:, in.

, i ni Gusiba: ni Oya. Ihangagishusho Bya Kuri i Bya i Igihugu. na Amatsinda, A Gicurasi Kuri. Birutwa Cyangwa ni A Kwambukiranya - Ikiranga, A Sisitemu ku ya: Gicurasi Birenzeho. Ingerofatizo. - Nka - Na: < Urwego: = "Izina ry' ukoresha" > < / > na A Hagati.

Gusobanukirwa imbaraga n’intege nke z’ubutware n’ubutware ni intambwe ya mbere y’ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu agere kuri iyo gahunda ishyize mu gaciro mu bantu bo hirya no hino ku isi.

, in [[: 0% S] ku [[: 1], [[:], [[: 5]. A Bya, i [[:]