Uko ubutegetsi bukoresha umupaka wa cumi na kane kugira ngo burinde abaturage

, Byashyizwe ku murongo wa 14 (mu wa 1868), ni Rimwe Bya i Ivugurura Kuri i Ishingiro ry'Ihame ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Byagenewe kurinda uburenganzira bw' abantu bahoze ari imbata Nyuma ya ya Ntambara y'Abaturage, Ururimi rwayo rusagutse, rwatumye iba urufatiro rwa za sitade ya za kimuntu ku mudendezo n'uburinganire. Ku i Leta, Leta, na Intera y' hafi, byishingirije kuri iyo mikoro yombitse kugira ngo yo guhatana abaturagezo ku bwihishobose igikorwa cya leta na kwifatisha mu buryo bungana munsi y'amategeko. Iyi ngingo imbirwamo amategeko y'ubwihibika n'itondezi bikoreshwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo birinde uburenganzira bw'ubwihishe, na na.

Itangiriro ry’Iteka rya 14

Impera y' Intambara ya Kabiri y' Ubwijime yasabye i Kugarura. i Amajyaruguru yakuweho ubucakara,, mu buryo bwihuse “” i Umudendezo wa. Kuri Aderesi: ku Birengayobora: na bingana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. ifite ibyifuzo: i, i Uburenganzira bw' umutungo, i, na i. Igihe, ibi bikoresho binini byo kurinda abaturage kuivangura na.

Kurinda Claus

i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika (mu rwego rwo hejuru) (mu rwego rw'ikirenga) (mu rwego rw'ikirenga) ni yo ntwaro y'ibanze irwanya amategeko n'ibikorwa.) < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < < / > < < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < < < < > < > < > < > < < < < < < <

Uko byagenze: Gukemura ivangura

Porogaramu Bya i in [: 0% S] v. Bya [[: 1] [1] (1954), i Ivanga in public. i, Intambwe Byashyizweho i Kuri in,,,, na Akazi. OYA Kuri; BIGEZWEHO Koresha Kuri Isubiramo Amagenamiterere A ku Amatsinda A Birinzwe, Na: Intera Bya.

Ubwiza

[[:] na [[: 2.] = ""] /, i ku < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < > < / > na [[:] < / >. < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < > < > < / > < > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < > < = " < / > < = "" > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < / > < > < < > < > < < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < < < > < < <

Gutanga uburenganzira n’agashake

na. [[: 0% S] v. [[: 1] [, i Leta bingana in $i] i “imwe,. na., i Byakoreshejwe Kuri Ihinahina isoko, Amategeko, na Ikindi Amabwiriza. ku A Leta na, i i i Gutegekanya. [Byo]

Impera

Comment=Ibice Bitandukanye: na.

Impera

Mbere i Ubuzima, Cyangwa Indangakintu:, Bya, Kuri, -, na i Iburyo: Kuri. ku Ibisabwa Kuri Ibikorwa (Nka Amataruka, A Uburenganzira:, Cyangwa A -. A By' amategeko. A Igerageza i By' umwihariko Ku, i Bya, na i. Urugero: in [[:] i. v:], i Igerageza Kuri iyi Igerageza i.

Impera

OYA in i, ATARIIGIHARWE Ryari: i NYACYO NYACYO. Nka i Iburyo: Kuri, i Iburyo: Kuri, i Iburyo: Kuri Ibanga, na i Iburyo: Kuri Nka iyi. nka [: 0% S] v. [: 1] () () [-), [:] ku Byose. [[:]] [[:] []) [["])) Kuri Icyo ari cyo cyose Leta.

Uburinzi bwo Kwirinda Umudendezo w’Ubukungu

i i Bijyanye n' imitungo Bya i [[: 0% S]] [[: 1]] Igitabo (munsi na ISAHA Amabwiriza), BIGEZWEHO Koresha Kuri Bijyanye n' imitungo. Gushyiraho A Ishingiro Igerageza, A Kuri A. Kuri Imirimo, Indangakintu: Koresha, na Birebire Nka i Amabwiriza ni OYA Cyangwa. A Inyumvo munsi Bijyanye n' imitungo A Impamvu.

Inyigisho Ivuguruzanya

Inyigisho y'Ivugurura ni ihame ry'amategeko ry'uko uburinzi bw'Impinga y'Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga bureba ibyo bihugu binyuriye ku Majyaruguru ya 14 y'Umushinga wa Claus. Mbere na mbere, Impinga y'Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga yabujije ubutegetsi bwihuse. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwatangiye “gushyira mu nyandiko nshinga ntarengwa z'amategeko zatanzwe mu ntarengwa z'ikinyejana cya 20, kandi ubu hafi ya buri buremerere bw'ivugurura rya mbere na leta z’amajyaruriro umunani.

Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga bwashyizwe mu Nteko y’Ubwishingizi Uko Igihe Cyagiye Gihita

Uburenganzira bw'ingenzi bwiyandikishijwe bukubiyemo:

  • [[: 0% S][[:]:, Kanda,, Isosiyeti, (Na: [[: 2.] v.[[: 3]],).
  • [[: 0% S][[: 1] na [[[: 2.] v.[[: 3],
  • [[: 0% S] [[[: 1]] Irinda - ([[:]] v. [[:]], na MAHARAKUBIRI ([[:]] v.[: 5]], 1969).
  • [[: 0% S] Iburyo: Kuri ([[: 2.]] Gideon v. [[: 3], 1963], Bya, na.
  • [[: 0% S] Irinda na ([[[2:]] v. [[:]], 1962]) na.

Ishyirahamwe ryiyemeje ko ubutegetsi budashobora kwirengagiza uburenganzira bw'ubwihariko bw'ubwihariko bw'ubwihariko. Abashinzwe amategeko, amatsinda y'ishuri, na Leta, bose bashinzwe gukora i Nka i Leta. iyi ihuza irinda abaturage ku A Bice by'amategeko na ni Kuri Bigezweho. [[-"] Birenzeho Bigyanye Ivanga ry'Amakuru y'amategeko ku [[[/1].

Uburenganzira bw'Ikirenga

A Bya i Gukomeza, Nka i () na i Bya A. Iburyo: Kuri Gumana: na in [: 0% S]. [[[:]] [()], A Birebire -. Kuri Ibintu Bya i Iburyo:., i Rimwe Bya i Ibikoresho ya: Kuva: Leta Igikorwa.

Ibibazo by’Amategeko n’Ibyabaye Biranga

Ibyiciro bya 14 Ivugurura ryatumye Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rushyirwaho iteka riruta irindi shingiro ry' amategeko. Ibyapanze bigenga imyanya y'ubutegetsi na Uburenganzira bwa buri muntu ku giti cye. Aha hepfo ni mu bice by'ibanze ivugurura ryashyizweho kandi ritunganywa.

Ubusumbane bw’Amoko n’Imikorere Ikomeza Ubudahemuka

[[:] [Bya i Bya v.[: 1] na Nyuma nka [:] v. [[:]] [[: 3]] (), i Byafashwe Isomero - Amabwiriza in bingana Irinda NIBA Kuri Nka A., [[:] ya:. [:] [:] [:]]), Itsinda - i Ipine - i Ipine.

Gutanga Uburenganzira bw’Ikirenga no Kudashimira

A ya: Anga i: Bya in. Nta na rimwe, 2 in KURI, Nka i Ururimi: Kuri. guhera Guhindura.... [[:]] [), i Kinini Imibare Bya,. NONEAHA Na: BIGEZWEHO.

Ishyingiranwa ry'abahuje igitsina n’uburenganzira bw'umuryango

[[: 0% S] v. [[:] (20: 15), i Byakoreshejwe Byombi i na i Kuri A Iburyo: Kuri - Bijyanye n' ingano Ishyingiranwa. i Birinzwe ku i Iburyo: Kuri, na Bya Iburyo: Kuri - Birenze Zero Ibigabane. Ku Byose Intera Bya ngombwa Kuri Itangwa Itangwa ry'Impera Kuri - Bityo Bijyanye n' Imibare na Kuva: Ikindi. i Kabiri Akazi Kuri Gurinda.

Abasuhukiye mu gihugu cyabo n’abaturage batanditswe

Bya i in i na Ikivugwaho: Kuri. Ishingiro Uturango, A ku i. [[: 0% S]] v. [[[: 1]] [, i Hasi A Kigenga public Kuri, i Byose, OYA. na NONEAHA OYA A. [:] Bigyanye Ubwigenge [[:]

Na

Ibyiciro bya 14 bikomeza kuba igikoresho gizima cyo kurinda abaturage. Inkiko zigenda zirushaho gusaba ko amahame yashyizweho akoreshwa mu buhanga bushya, uburenganzira bwo kubyara, na ubuhanga bwihishwe. Urugero:, ikoreshwa ry'Amadosiye mu guciraho iteka na Porotokole bijya birushaho kwiyongeraho kurinda inshuro nkeya. Ku i Leta urwego amategeko yo gushyiriraho amategeko yo guhitamo ubuhanga, na i Inkikozi zigerageza ku i Ibyemezo by' i.

Agenga amateka na

[[: 0% S] v.[:] (), i Bya Akazu Telefone Indangabintu Ibyabitswe A i, i Gicurasi A Bya Ibanga. Na: A By' umwihariko, i A / Hasi:. Birenzeho, Gicurasi ku Kuri Ibyatanzwe.

[[: 0% S][[: 1]

[[:] v [[:]], i OYA A Iburyo: Kuri., i Ikindi, Nka i Iburyo: Kuri in [[: 4.] [[: 5] na [Byangwa in A.] [:]. [:]

Ubusumbane mu Bukungu n’Inshingano Cyangwa Claus

Uburenganzira... Cyangwa Bya i, ku i - (183), A Gitoya. na By' amategeko na Kuri. [:] Nka i Iburyo: Kuri na i Iburyo: Kuri in. Koresha iyi Kuri Leta OYA, i Kuri. [:] i Uburenganzira... Cyangwa ku i Webu [:].

Igisoza

Isosiyeti ya 14 Ivugurura rikomeza kuba isoko ryigenga ryo kurinda abaturage kuri leta n'itoranya. i Kuri i na i, buri rwego, ubutegetsi buri wese yishingikiriza kuri ubutabera, uburinganire, na ubudahemuka. Amateka yashyizwe kuri interineti yaguye indunduro y'ivugurura rya leta, ariko umwandiko ubwawo ntiwahindutse kuva mu mwaka wa 1868. Buri wese muri runganwe rwemeza ko amahame yawo afitanye isano n'uburenganzira bushya, yishingirije kuri ubudahemuka n'uburinzi buhoraho.

Impugukirwa: Ingingo ni ya: Impamvu na OYA By' amategeko. By'amategeko, A.[[: 1]