Basa raRaje Sabra muKudzika Mirayiro Yezvekurima muIndia

Gadziriro yezvokurima muIndia inotapura upenyu hweinopfuura hafu yechiverengero chavagari venyika uye inotema chengeteko yezvokudya nokuda kwavanhu vane mabhiriyoni 1. Raje Sabha, kana kuti Dare reNyika, iimba yapamusoro yeParamende yeIndia uye inoita rutivi rwakatanhamara mukunatsa nokutungamirira mutemo wokurima. Nepo Lok Sabha inomirira zvakananga vanhu, Raja Sabha ja inopa nzvimbo yezvivako zvehurumende kuti izivikanwe nhau dzenzvimbo dzokurima, kuhwirudzura mari inopfuudzwa neimba yakaderera, uye kuronga kuti mitemo yepurazi inoshanda uye inobatanidza. Kunzwisisa kuti imba iyi inoshanda sei kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa mukwane, mutezo, mutezo wokurima, kana kuti kubudirira.

Kugadzirwa Kwebumbiro Remitemo Nokurongwa Kwaro

Raje Sabra inotangwa pasi peChikamu 80 cheConstitution yeIndia. Mitezo yacho inosarudzwa nemitezo yakasarudzwa yemagungano ehurumende, ine vashomanene vakagadzwa naPurezidhendi nokuda kwounyanzvi hwavo muminda yakadai sounyanzvi hwemifananidzo, sayenzi, mabhuku, uye basa renzanga. Iyi sarudza risina kunanga inova nechokwadi chokuti imba inoumbwa navanhu vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rukuru zvikuru muhurumende, kubatanidza kurima, kudiridza, uye kutungamirira kwemaruwa.

Kusafanana neLok Sabha, iyo inonyangarika makore mashanu ari ose, Raje Sabha iboka rechigarire. Chikamu chimwe chetatu chemitezo yacho chinorega basa makore maviri ari ose, kuchigovera kupfuurira muutarisiri hwemitemo. Iyi dzikamo inokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwechinjo refu yenhambo dzokurima, iyo inowanzoda kurukurirano inopfuurira uye kutarisirwa kwemwaka yakawanda yokusima uye nhevedzano yegadziriro dzegadziriro.

Simba gurusa reRaje Sabha imitezo 250, ine 238 nyika dzinomirira nenharaunda dzeUnion uye 12 yakafumurwa. Pari zvino, ine inenge mitezo 245. United States ine nzvimbo huru dzokurima dzakakura zvikuru (kwakadai seUttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madha Pradesh, uye Punjab), inovimbisa kuti nhau dzeagrian dzinowana ngwariro yakaenzana.

Gadziriro Yomutemo Yemabhiri Ourimi

Mutemo wezvokurima muIndia unogona kutangwa muimba ipi neipi yeParamende, kunze kwemapepa emari anofanira kutangira muLok Sabha. Nhaka zhinjisa dzinobatanidzwa nezvikwereti zvepurazi — zvakadai seizvo zvine chokuita nokuchinja nzvimbo, nzanga dzinobatirana, kubudisa kutengeserana, kana kuti chengeteko yezvokudya (ichitanga kupfuudzwa neLok Sabha uye ipapo kutumirwa kuRaja Sabba kuti anzverwe.

Basa Sedare Rokuchinja

Kana bhiri rangosvika paRaje Sabra, rinoongororwa zvine udzame. Mitezo inogona kukurukura chikamu chiri chose, kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro petapuro yaro pavarimi, uye kukarakadza kugadziridza. Rajiya Sabba ane simba rokutaura:

  • [ Pass recread pasina chinjo[[FT:1] - muchinoitikai inotumirwa kuPurezidhendi nokuda kwokubvuma.
  • rega mutengo - Iwoyu unomanikidza Lok Sabha kurangarirazve, asi imba yomusoro haigoni kuvhara mutemo zvechigarire. Kana rugwaro rwacho rukapfuudzwazve neLok Sabba pamwe chete kana kuti pasina kugadziriswa, kumira pamwe chete kwedzimba dzose dziri mbiri kungaitwa kupedza misiyano (Article 108).
  • [ Dzora mutengo wacho nezvinogadziriswa[[FLT: 1] – The Lok Sabha angagamuchira kana kuti kuramba idzi dzongonyedzo. Kana akaramba, gumbo rinotungamirira kukuvara kwakabatana.

Zvisinei, Raje Sabba haawanzokunda mutemo wehurumende nokuti mubatanidzwa wacho unowanzorayira voruzhinji muLok Sabbaha uye ungatsigirwawo zvakakwana muRajiya Sabra.

[[KABRA] Muenzanisiro: Chiratidzo chamaruramiro okuita zvakanaka neTransparency muLand Acquisition, Rehabilitation neReparect (RARR) Chitatiso cha2013 chakapfuudzwa neLokabhaha. MuRajiya Sabbaha, kurukurirano huru dzakatungamirira kugadziridza migove yakasimbisa gadziriro dzemubayiro kuvarimi uye kuva nechokwadi chekurukurirano huru nematare omusha. Shanduro iyo pakupedzisira yakava mutemo yakabatanidza zvikarakadzo zvakawanda zveRajiya Sabha.

Zvinhu Zvinoshanda Zvichibatana

Kana dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzikasabvumirana papepa repepa renyika, Purezidhendi angabatana kuti agare pasi. Sezvo Lok Sabhaha ine mitezo inopfuura nekaviri yeRaja Sabha, hurumende inowanzokunda. Zvisinei, kugara pamwe chete hakuwanzoitiki (kusiyana nezvitatu bedzi zvakaitika kubvira muna 1950, hapana papepa guru repurazi. Kubvira kwokugara pamwe chete kunokurudzira Rajiya Sabba kukurukura zvakakomba panzvimbo pokungoramba mutemo.

Zviitiko Zvakananga zvaRaje Sabha Pesvedzero Pamitemo Yezvekurimwa

Kutapura kwaRaje Sabra kunonzwisiswa zvakanakisisa kupfurikidza nemienzaniso yekongiri. Hedzino nguva ina dzinotambudza apo imba yapamusoro yakaumbwa nomuitiro wokurima.

Mitemo Yapapurazi 2020 Inoparidzwa — Nyaya Youzivi uye Yavanoshandira

Mitemo mitatu yepurazi yakapfuudzwa muna September 2020(20) Act yeSabata rePrimate rinonzi Inge Indation Trade and Commerce (Promotera neFacial) Chibvumirano cheVarimi (Kushanda uye Dziviriro) paPrice Memorial Service Act, uye Esential Commondaties (Amendment) Act (Agamenti) Act yakatangwa semitemo uye ipapo semitero muLok Sabba. Rajiya Sabha yakava nekurukurirano navo kwemaawa anoverengeka, nemitezo inoshora inoda kuhwirudzura dare. Pasinei zvapo nedzimba dzehurumende dzakawanda panguva iyoyo, Rajiya Sabha yakamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekutesarudzo, kuwanikwa kwematare, uye kudzoro yezvokurima [FL.0:0]

Kuramba kwavose nokutonga kweDare Raje Sabha yakamanikidza pakupedzisira kuti basa raro riitwe mukati mekurukurirano idzodzo raiva rokugovera nzvimbo yeitiro hanya dzakananga dzehurumende. Somuenzaniso, mitezo inobva kuPunjab neHaryana yakasimbisa kusavapo kweShood Price Vice vimbition, nepo vamiririri veKarnataka naMaharashtra vakaonesa kudikanwa kwemurayiro mukuru wehurumende. Uku kusiana kwamanzwi neShyriniod muchivako cheRaja Sabbah·enha yakapupurira kuti mutemo wacho hauna kungongoiswa bedzi jarabha.

Mitemo Inokosha Inoita Kuti Pave Nekugadziriswa Kwezvinhu

Sesential Commodities Act ya19555 inopa simba rehurumende rokudzora kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokosha, kugoverwa, uye kuparadzirwa kwezvinhu, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvokurima. Kugadziridzwa kwakaitwa muna 2020 kwakaitirwa kuti zvisave netsama yezviyo, mafuta anodyiwa, uye hanyanisi, kubvisa miganhu yemastock kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa. Rajiya Sabba yakaongorora nokungwarira kugadziridza uku. Kurumbidza kwedare kwakaita kuti hurumende dzigadziridze kuti dzizivise zvikonzero zvokuisa miganhu yemashekero, nokudaro kuchengetedza kuenzana pakati pemisika yemabhizimisi yakasununguka uye vatengi vatengi vadzo.

National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013

NFSA isati yaitwa, Raje Sabha’s Stastin Committee on Food and Consumer Affairs yakava nenzvero huru nehurumende dzehurumende, masangano evarimi, uye nyanzvi dzezvokudya. Rumbidzo dzeimba yepamusoro dzakabetsera kufutunura kuvambira pa 61% yemhuri dzomumaruwa dzakakarakadzwa pakuvamba kusvikira ku 75% (ne 50% yeguta) uye dzakavimbisa kuti zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvaibatanidzwa sekodzero dzepamutemo. Chitendi chokupedzisira chakaratidzira mibatanidzwa yeRajiya Sabbaha, chinoratidzira kuti kamuri racho rinogona sei kuumba mutemo wokurima wegarikano yakabudirira.

Marudzi Nenyosi Zvinochengeta Mabhiri Orudzi

Makambani okurima anomboona pesvedzero yakajeka zvikuru kubva kuRaje Sabba. Somuenzaniso, National Bee Seaver and Nuch Mission yakakurukurwa muRaje Sabba kanoverengeka. Mitezo inobva kunyika dzine kugadzirwa kukuru kwouchi (sokufanana naUttankand, Himal Pradesh, uye West Bengal) yakasunda nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwezvitsama zvikuru zvemari, makambani ari nani, uye kuzivikanwa kwokurima somubato unofanirwa nemari inokwana. Mipiro yakadaro yenharaunda inodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji mukurukurirano dzetsika dzepurazi.

Basa Rematare eParamende Muutarisiri Hwokurima

Rajiya Sabba rinonatsa basa rinoitika mumatare. Tsamba-Daudity Staliary Committee on Agriculture ine mitezo 31, inenge 10 yadzo inotorwa kubva kuRajiya Sabba. Matare aya anoongorora zvikwereti, kudiwa kwemari, uye zvinyorwa zvemitengo seMinisionary of Agriculture and Foreiverstles.

  • Nzvero yePregislative: Matare anogona kudana zvapupu, kubatanidza vamiriri vehurumende, vamiriri vemibatanidzwa yeminda, masayendisiti akabva muIndian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), uye mitumbi yeindasitiri. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti zvikwereti zvinonatswa zvisati zvasvika pauriri.
  • Kutarisira kwakaipa: Dare rinonzvera bhajeti yokurima, kubatanidza migove yezvirongwa zvakadai sePMS, makadhi outano hwevhu, uye kudiridza. Mitezo yeRaje Sabha inogona kurumbidza kubviswa chaikoiko kwemari kubva kugadziriro dzisingashandisi kune dzinobudirira zvikuru.
  • Mishumo yakananga: Mishumo yeNhau yeNhau yeChibvumirano cheCHOVAD-19 paProctoogration", “Proficing and Exportic Products”, uye“Pricing and Avaibilible of Fertliser". Iyi mishumo inowanzotungamirira kuchiito chehurumende kana kuti mutemo mutsva.

Somuenzaniso, mushumo wa2021 weVictal Committee on Agriculture on “Raoperance of Cooperatives in Agriculturating” wakabatsira kuumba Mubatanidzwa Wemizhinji weState Cooperative Societies, 2022. Raji Sabha Sabha uyo akabatira padare iroro akaunza mirangariro inobva kunyika dzakafanana neGujarat neMaharashtra, umo kubatira pamwe kune simba.

Kuratidzirwa Kwefariro Dzehurumende Nemhaka Dzoruwa

Mumwe wemibato mikuru yaRaje Sabra ndewokumirira nyika semapoka, kuvimbisa kuti mutemo wokurima haufuratiri mhatsa dzomunharaunda. Kurima kweIndia hakusi kwegore rimwe chete: Punjab inorima gorosi nepady, Karnataka inorima ragi nekofi, uye Kerala inorima rabha nezvinonhuwira. Mutemo wepurazi rimwe ungatapura aya maruwa nenzira yakasiana zvikuru.

  • [[NHAU: 0] Nhengo dzinotsamira pamunhu: Raja Sabha nhengo dzenyika dzinobva kumvura inonaya mvura yakadai seRajasthan naMaharashtra kazhinji kazhinji dzinotsigira kubatanidzwa kwokuronga zvirimwa zvakanaka negadziriro dzeinishuwarenzi muchikwereti.
  • Mitezo yokurima neyamadzinza: yakabva kunyika dzeHimalaya neNorthern East inoita kuti pave negadziriro chaidzo dzine chokuita nokurima (kusundwa) kurimwa, kodzero dzesango, uye kusvika kumisika yezviwanikwa.
  • Kodzero dzemvura dzeInterstate: kakavadzano dzemvura dzeInterstate, kufanana nedziya dzeCauvery, Krishna, uye Satuj-Yamuna (idzo dzinosimudzirwa kazhinji kazhinji muRajiya Sabha. nepo dzisati dzichiguma nechinjo yemitemo yapakarepo, idzi kurukurirano dzinopesvedzera mavambirwe ePradan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yhoina (PMKSY) nemimwe miitiro yokudiridza.

Raje Sabra inoshandawo senzvimbo umo hurumende dzehurumende dzinogona kuratidza kusabvumirana nemitemo mikuru yokurima. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende yepakati inopa mitemo pakutengesa nokurima kana kuti kuwana nzvimbo, hurumende dzehurumende dzinowanzoshandisa mitezo yadzo Rajiya Sabhaha kukumbira kutarira kana kuti muripo wemari.

Zvinetso Neganhuriro Mubasa Rokurima reRaje Sabha

Pasinei nokukosha kwaro kwebumbiro remitemo, Raje Sabha anotarisana nezvinetso zvakawanda zvokuumbwa uye zvematongerwo enyika izvo zvinomanikidza kushanda kwayo mukuumba mitemo yokurima.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kufanana neLok Sabba, Rajiya Sabha yazova yakakamukana zvikuru. Mitezo inowanzovhota mumativi ebato panzvimbo pefariro dzehurumende. Ikoku kunoderedza basa rekamuri somumiriri wenyika. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekurukurirano dza 2020 dzomutemo wepurazi, mitezo miRajiya Sabba yakabva kuboka rinodzora yakatsigira zvikwereti kunyange apo nyika dzavo dzakanga dzine itiro hanya huru. Kushandiswa kukuru kwe “mutengo wemari” kuti upfuure Raja Sabba panhau dzisati dziri mari kunoderedzazve simba rayo rokunzvera.

Nguva Yakaoma uye Nguva Yaanotora

Raje Sabra anosangana kwamazuva anenge 70-80 pagore, uye mabhiri okurima anowanzokwikwidzana nezvimwe zvinhu zvokutanga zvemitemo. Mutemo wakaoma ungangova bedzi maawa mashomanene ekurukurirano youriri. Somuuyo, kunzvera dare kunova nzira huru yokurangarira kwakakwana, asi matare amene anotarisana nezvinodzorwa nedariro Dare rinogara richimirira zveAgriculture kazhinji kazhinji ane nhau dzinopfuura gumi nezviviri dzinorindirwa panguva ipi neipi.

Kuganhurirwa Kwesimba Pamabhiri Emari

Chikamu 110 chinorondedzera zvikwereti zvemari, izvo shopu inopa rumbidzo. Kana chikwereti chikangoitwa semari, Raja Sabha haagoni kuramba kana kuigadzirisa; inogona kungorumbidza kuti Lok Sabha angagamuchira kana kuti kuramba. Zvimwe zvikwereti zvepapurazi zvine chokuita nemari, zvakadai sezvinenge zviri pamari kana kuti zvokudya zvakachengetedzwa.

Kushaikwa Kwomufananidzo Wakananga Womurimi

Kusafanana neLok Sabba, ane mitezo inosarudzwa zvakananga navanosarudzwa nevanoumba . Kubatanidza varimi − Rajya Sabba mitezo inosarudzwa navatongi vehurumende. Uku kusanangurwa kwakananga kunogona kuiita kuti inzwe zvishoma kunhau dzezvokurima. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mitezo isina kusarudzwa, kazhinji kazhinji vakakurumbira kana kuti vagadziri vezvokutengeserana, ingava nenzwisiso shoma yezvokwazvo zvepurazi. Zvisinei, mimwe mitezo ine zvigaro zvakapa unyanzvi hunokosha (mt., nyanzvi dzezvemapurazi nenyanzvi dzemari).

Mabasa Omunguva Yemberi Nekuchinja Nokuda Kwokusimbisa Mutemo Wokurima

Kuti awedzere kubatsira kweRaje Sabra kutsika yokurima, kuchinja kunoverengeka kwakakarakadzwa nematare eparamende nemapoka enzanga.

  • Gadziriro yedare rinopamhidza: Mitero yakawanda yokurima inofanira kunonongedzerwa kumira kana kuti kusarudza matare pamberi pekurukurirano youriri. Pari zvino, mabhii akawanda anodarika nhano ino kupfurikidza ne “chibvumirano” kuvhara kana kuti kukurumidzira.
  • Mitemo yehurumende inosimbisa: The Inter- State State Council (Article 263) inofanira kusangana kazhinji kazhinji kuti ikurukure mutemo wezvokurima. Mitezo Raje Sabha ingagona kuva nekurukurirano dzakadaro, kuvhara mukaha pakati penzvimbo nehurumende.
  • Tsvaka pesvedzero yapamberi pekunzvera: Isati yatanga mutengi wepurazi, hurumende inofanira kuisa tsinhiro ine udzame yesimba remari nerenzanga kuRajiya Sabha. Ikoku kungapa mitezo mashoko akasimba nokuda kwekurukurirano.
  • [[FLT: 0] Tsaona “mutongo wemari”:[[FLT: 1] Nhungamiro yeDare Gurusa kana kuti mitemo yeparamende inofanira kujekesa kuti chinjo dzemiitiro yokurima yokutanga hadzigoni kuverevedzerwa kupfurikidza nezvikwereti zvemari nemhaka bedzi yokuti zvinobatanidza ndyiko.
  • Mitemo yenzvimbo yehurumende mugadziriro: Muitiro nokuda kwokuisa mitezo kuRajiya Sabhaha ungagona kubatanidza chinodikanwa chokuti inenge hafu yenzvimbo dzine tsvina izadzwe navanhu vane unyanzvi mukukura kwomumaruwa, kurima, kana kuti kuchengetwa.

mhedziso

Raje Sabra haisati iri chitambiwo zvacho cherabha mukuita mitemo yokurima. Basa rayo rebumbiro remitemo sekamuri rokuumbidza, basa raro redare, uye kumirira kwaro nyika nefariro dzomunharaunda zvinogovera chekichero inokosha pachiito chevakuru vakuru vehurumende vasina mumwe. Kupfurikidza nedzosero dzechikwereti seLand Acquisition Act neNational Food Security Act, uye kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzakaoma pamusoro pemitemo 2020 yepurazi, Raja Sabhaha yakaratidzira simba rayo rokushandisa nhevedzano yokugadzirwa kwemari.

Bva, kubudirira kwekamuri racho kunosekeswa nokuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika, dzvinyiriro dzenguva, uye kushandiswa kunokura kwemitemo yemari. Kuti chikamu chezvokurima cheIndia chigamuchire mutemo wakadzikama, unosanofungwa, Rajiya Sabha inofanira kupiwa simba (kupfurikidza nemugadziridzo wemiitiro yetsika uye musengwa mutsva kutsika dzaro dzehurumende. Pakupedzisira, imba yapamusoro yakasimba inoreva mitemo yakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwamamirioni avarimi vaduku vanotsamira pamiitiro yakatsiga, inoita chimwe chinhu.

Sezvo India inopfuurira kunzvera kurima kwayo(kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodzorwa, kudzorwa kwemitengo, uye kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro okunze) -- Raje Sabha icharamba iri nhandare inokosha umo manzwi akasiyana- siyana enyika 28 nendima sere Union angaumba nguva yemberi yokurima. Nhaka yazvo haisati iri mukudzongonyedzwa, asi mukunatswa. Kuvanochengetera tsvimbo muboka rechechi, kunzwisisa iyi sangano hakusati kuri kwokuzvidira, kuchidikanwa nokuda kwokuva nyanzvi nokugadzira chisarudzo.

nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo muIndia, ona chiteshi chapamutemo che Raja Sabra Sectariat. Kunzvera kune udzame hwezvikwereti zvokurima, kunonongedzera ku [ PURS]SRATISD [. Mashoko pamusoro pemitemo ye 2020 yepurazi nemigumisiro yadzo anogona kuwanikwa mumishumo inobva yeP] yeUrimi nePROGUP]. Nokuda kwegadziriro, [[FLT]