Sumo: Basa Repamusoro reAustralia Mukuchinja Kwezvemari

Nharaunda yeIndo-Paciole yazova imba yesimba remari yenyika yose, musha kusvikira kuinopfuura hafu yechiverengero chavagari vemo uye dzimwe dzepfuma dzinokura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Sezvo nyika yakasiana inonangidzira mativi ose yeIndia nePacific Ocean, Australia ine nzvimbo huru muiyi nzvimbo ine simba. Basa rayo mukusimudzira kubatana kwezvemari kwenharaunda haisati iriwo zvayo bedzi yezvokushanda asi inokosha nenzira inowedzera. Kupfurikidza nomubatanidzwa wezvokutengeserana zvinovakanwa zvikuru, kukura kukuru uye zvinetso zvakawanda, uye kuyamura kupfuurira, Australia inoshanda sechikwikwiti inobatanidza Southeast Asia, Switsuwa zvePacific, Southeast Asia, uye kupfuuta-Asiya. Nyaya inonzvera mubatanidzwa weAustralia, mipiro pakukura kwezvikamu, migariro inopfuurira, zvinetso, uye zvinopfupikisa kukura kwenguva yemberi.

Nzvimbo Yakanaka yeAustralia: Bhiriji Rokuzvarwa Naro

Nyika yeAustralia ipfuma yayo huru. Igere panzvimbo yeIndiya nePacific Ocean, inoraira nzira dzekurukurirano dzegungwa dzinotambudza (SLOC) dzinobata rutivi runokosha rwebhizimisi renyika yose. Kuvambira pamvura dzepfuma dzeIndian Ocean kusvikira kunzvimbo dzinogadzirwa dzeEast Asia, Australia inopa nzvimbo yakatsiga, yedemokrati, uye nzvimbo yehurumende nokuda kwetsinhano yezvemari. Iyi nzvimbo inoibvumira kushanda sebhiriji pakati pemitengo yakasiana- siyana yemari (jeri rinobatanidza upfumi hwakakwirira hweNorthern Asia (Japan, Southern Korea, Taiwan) nemisika iri kukura yeSouthe Asia (ASCH) uye marudzi ari kubudirira ePacific Island.

Kupfuura nzvimbo yapasi, Australia ine nzvimbo yebasa yakabudirira zvikuru, gadziriro yemari yakakwirira, uye unyanzvi hwenyika mupfuma, simba, kurima, uye dzidzo. Uku kusimba kwezvemari kunobatira pamwe nezvinodikanwa zvemigodhi yavanhu voruwa. Somuenzaniso, mugodhi weAustralia unogadzirwa wepeturu yemaindasitiri muChina neIndia, nepo kutengesa kwayo kuri kusiiwa kunotsigira zvokudya munzvimbo yacho yose. Kudzoka, Australia inotengesa zvinhu, mamagetsi, uye michina inobva kumarudzi eAsia, ichiita bhizimisi rakasimba zvikuru.

Munharaunda inowanzoratidzirwa nokukwikwidzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, mano eAustralia okugovera kurukurirano, kukakavadzana kwezvokutengeserana, uye kutsinhirana kwemiitiro yemiitiro yesangano ibetsero yechienzi neinokosha.

Zvakaitika Munhau DzeAustralia

Kubatanidzwa kweAustralia mukubatanidzwa kwezvemari kwenharaunda hakusati kuri chinhu chenguva pfupi yapfuura. Muitiro wayo wapashure peHondo yeNyika II zvishoma nezvishoma wakachinja kubva paEurope yedanho rokutanga kuenda kudivimbwa kwakadzama kweAsia nePacific. 1983 Mufungo weEconomic Relations (CER) bvumirano neNew Zealand, kutangwa kweAsia-Pacificial Economic Cooperation (APEC) muna 1989 neForcial, uye kuumbwa kweATEANCE Regional Forum muna 1994 zvakanga zviri zviitiko zvapakuvamba. Izvi zvakaratidzira donzo reAustralia kuisa mari yayo muchidhindo chenyika.

Njodzi yezvemari ya1997 yakasimbisazve kubatana kwenyika yacho ndokuita kuti Australia itsigire rutava rwakasimba rwemari nokushandira pamwe. Muma 2000, Australia yakatanga chirongwa chakasimba chezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvemabinadada (FTAS) neshamwari huru: Singapore (2003), Thailand (2005), United States (2005), Chile (2009), China (2015), Japan (2015), South Korea (2014, Indonesia (20149), uye Constantive for Trans-Picificial (CPP) yakapinda nesimba muna 2018. Chinesesarudzo chimwe nechimwe chezvibvumirano izvi zvakadzikisa nokubatanidza, zvichiwedzera kubatanidzwa mune zvoupfumi.

Kutanga Kunokosha Kuchatamisa Kupinda

Kubvumirana Nezvokutengeserana: Mazano Okurambidza Kubatanidzwa Munzanga

FTAS ikokunamira kwetsika dzayo dzekubatanidza. Chibvumirano chinoparira nokufambirana cheTrans-Pacificial internatip shareship [ ibasa rechiratidzo rinobatanidza upfumi hwe 11 (Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, uye Vietnam (inomirira 13.5% yeGDP). Inobvisa kana kuti ideredza mipimo yakafara yezvinhu, inotsinhiranisa mipimo yemavambo, uye mitengo yemitengo. Nokuda kwevaramisi yeAustralia, Chiresi, Chireshi, Chinoisi, Chinoisi, Chinoisi cheMexico, Nouvellezi, Peru, Singapore, uye Vietnam `Dheripo yenyika itsva GDPP.

ASHEAN-Australia Free Trade Areas Office (AANZFTA)] ndiimwe shongwe. Inobatanidza nyika gumi dzeASHEAA pamwe chete neAustralia neNew Zealand, ichiumba musika wakabatanidzwa wavanhu vanopfuura 660 mamirioni. AANZFTA inoderedza mhinganidzo pazvinhu namabasa, inovandudza kutengeserana, uye inopfavisa kutengeserana munzvimbo dzakafanana nee-commer uye zvinhu zvoungwaru. Australia yakasainawo bipal FTAs namasangano makuru okushambanisa akadai seChina (CHATA), Japan (AFPA), uye South Korea (AFTA), kufambidzana kwomugariro wemari.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura zvikuru, Australia yakaguma FTA neUnited Kingdom (2021) uye iri kukurukura FTA neEuropean Union. Nepo idzodzi dzisiri Indo-Pacific chaizvoizvo, dzinosimbisa mano eAustralia okushanda senzvimbo huru yokubatanidza masuo ezvipo zvenyika yose nenharaunda yacho.

Miganhu Yakasiyana - siyana Neyomunharaunda

Australia inyanzvi mumasangano anoverengeka enharaunda anosimudzira batira pamwe yemari. APAC inoramba iri shopu inokosha nokuda kwokuwedzera kwemitengo, upfumi hwemitengo, uye kuchinja kwezvivako. Australia yakatsigira nguva dzose Zvinangwa zveBogor (kusununguka uye kuvhura bhizimisi pa202020 nokuda kwemari yakabudirira uye 2025 nokuda kweinenge iri kubudirira) uye APEC Spendianancentine blueprint. Kupfurikidza ne East Asia (EAS)[FLT], Australia inoita kuti ibatane vatungamiriri kubva kunyika 18 pamusoro pemari, zvamatongerwe enyika, zvamatongerwe enyika, uye . EAS yakabetsera kukurukurirana kurukurirano pabatira pamwe chete nemari yeruwa, kubatanidzawokubatanidza ChiangMeateateast EM (M)

Australia inotsigirawo kuvaka kwakarongwa [[[FLT: 0] kweyapa-panyuirwa, kubatanidza ASIAN ECCONCE (AEC). Nokuronga gadziriro dzayo dzemipimo yeATEAN, Australia inopfavisa kutengeserana nokutevedzerwa kwemitengo. MuPacific, Australia-chair Switsuwa zveMarikero zvemari (PIF)[FFT:3] uye inoshanda kupfurikidza ne Sangano yemarikemi yeMitengo yePUS (FM)[FLM:5] kusimudzira kubatanidzwa, kufambidzana, kufambikachakubudirira.

Yamuro Yokubudirira Nezvirongwa

Kubatsira kwekufambira mberi kweAustralia (ODA) kwakanangidzirwa zvikuru paIndo-Pacific, nesimbiso yakati paSoutheast Asia nePacific. Australian Infracrauperactive Facial Facial yePacific (AIFFP) inopa mari yokukweretesa yezvirongwa zvemarongedzero zvinonetsa, midziyo inomutsidzira simba, uye mari. Iyi mari inoderedza mutengo wezvokutengeserana, inobatanidza nzanga dziri dzoga, uye inoita kuti ive mutevedzero wezve mari. MuPapuapua New Guinea, Australia inotsigira [FLT:] , zvinobatanidza , kuyamura nokuda kwemitezo nokurima.

MuSoutheast Asia, ASAN program yeDromection Cooperation Program yeAustralia nhanho dzemari mukudzora kwezvemari, kutengeserana kwemitauro, uye kufambira mberi kwounyanzvi. Australia inoisawo mari mu Mekong-Australia systeniarship[[, kunanga pachengeteko yemvura, simba, uye kukura kwemari muCambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, uye Vietnam. Zvirongwa izvi hazvisi kungowedzera mari yoga yoga asi zvinoibatanidzawo zviketani zvemitengwa zvomumaruwa.

Tapuro Pachengeteko Yomunharaunda Nokukura

Nhamburiko dzeAustralia dzakabereka migumisiro inooneka. Kuda kutengesa noku FTAs kwakawedzera kuwanika kwezvinhu nemabasa eAustralia, nepo zvichibatsirawo vakwanyina venharaunda. Maererano neAustralian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, kutengeserana kwenzira mbiri nehurumende 10 dzeASTEAN yakasvika A $144 mabhiriyoni muna 2022, zvichiita kuti mutengesi weAustralia ave wechikwata chechipiri chebhizimisi pashure peChina. Nenzira yakafanana, kutengeswa neCPTPPP kwakura zvishoma nezvishoma, nokutengeswa kwenyama yenyama yenyama yenyama, yomukaka, uye waini zviwaiwanwa zvinowanwa zvakanaka.

Kupfuura mavhoriyamu ezvokutengeserana, kubatana kwakasimudzira kubatanidzwa kwemitemo. Somuenzaniso, mitemo yeCPTPP pamusoro pemitemo yemakombiyuta nemichina yakakurudzira kutsinhiraniswa kwemiitiro yezvokutengeserana yemichina, kubetsera mavambo emichina nemigodhi yemibato. Zvibvumirano zvokubvumana zveAustralia pazvikwaniriso zvenyanzvi neSingapore neMalaysia zvinogonesa vashandi kutama vakasununguka zvikuru.

Gadziriro yokudzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha zvakaenzana. Nokuwedzera kudyidzana kwezveupfumi, Australia inoderedza zvinokurudzira zverwisano uye inokurudzira kuomerera kutsika dzamarudzi ose. Gadziriro yePificial-pasty [ , iyo inobatanidza betsero yebudiriro nebatira pamwe yechengeteko, yakawedzera pesvedzero yeAustralia muPacific, ichigovera muganhu kumamwe masimba uye ichisimudzira nhevedzano yakavakirwa pamitemo. Kudyidzana kwezve kwezve mari kunotsigira kuderera kwourombo: muPacific, mari yeAustralia mumigwagwa yomumaruwa nemisikamisika yokurima yakasimudzira mari yakawana mari uye kuchengeteka kwezvokudya kwakavandudzika.

Uyewo, Australia payakaramba ichingopararira zvirwere zvekutengesa, ichichengetedza kuti zviwane zvokurapa nazvo, zvokudya uye simba.

Zvinetso Zvokuwedzera Kukura

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi, mhinganidzo dzinokosha dzinosara. Kuoma kwezvezvamatongerwe enyika kukurusa ndi, zvikurukuru makwikwi anorongwa pakati peUnited States neChina. Sezvinovhara , Australia inotarisana nedzvinyiriro yokutora rutivi, bva mari yayo yakabatanidzwa zvikuru neChina, mubiyayo wayo mukuru webhizimisi. Ichi chiito chakaoma kudzora kurukurirano dzebhizimisi uye chinogona kutungamirira kudzoresa kudzorwa kwemirayiro, sezvinooneka muChinesesanwa 202020 pabhari, waini, uye marasha. Kushambadza kunoguma kwaparirwa nenjodzi dzemari pamusoro pemisikaro imwe uye kusimbisa kudikanwa yokudyidzana kwezvikamu.

Nhambano yemari iri pakati peIndo-Pacificial inoita chimwe chinetso. Nepo Australia iri upfumi hwakakwirira nepfuma yakakwirira neyakakwirira, vakawanda vavakidzani vayo, vakadai sePapua New Guinea neTimor-Leste, vanorwisana neurombo, kusava nesimba, uye simba rakaganhurirwa. Kushanda kwenyika dzakabudirira kungasava kwakafanira nokuda kwedzisingakudziridziri. Pasi pebetsero yakakwana, zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvinogona kubudisa kusaenzana kwetsika kwetsika dzemari, sokuedza kukwikwikwidzana kana kuti kuita mitemo yakaoma. Australia inofanira kugadzira zvirongwa zvokuvaka, zvakadai seyamuro uye kugadziridza, kuti zviwane nhambo dzokubatsirana, kusimbisa kuti zvibatsire vose.

Miganhu yeNon-tager inodzivisawo kubatana. Kunyange uko majeni akaderera, misiyano mumipimo, kutsikirira, uye miitiro yetsika dzinoparira kusawirirana. Australia yave ichishingaira kusimudzira kuzivana nokubatana kwebutiro seAPEC naConformation Comprance Comptee, asi fambiro mberi inononoka. Mumacandelo akafanana nekurima, ruzivo rwemiitiro yemiitiro yetsika, kunyuko, kunyungurudza mira mipimo inoramba iri mhingani huru.

Pakupedzisira, kuchinja kwainoita kutyisidzira kugadzikana kwezvemari yenharaunda. Mwero inokwira yegungwa, madutu anowanzoitika, uye kuchinja mamiriro okunze kunodzongonyedza kurima, hove, uye kufarira nzvimbo dzokushambadzira . Zvikurukuru muchitsuwa chiduku chiri kusimukira. Kuderedza kweAustralia mhepo uye kutsigira kwayo kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro okunze muPacific zvinonetsa kutsigira kubudirira kwezvemari kubva mukubatana. Kana kushata kwemhoteredzo kuchidzongonyedza mararamiro, kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwokubatana kukuru kungaparara.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Kupinda Mumvura

Ichitarira mberi, Australia iri kuzvimisa imene kuti ipedze idzi denho apo inenge ichifambira mberi miganhu mitsva yebatira pamwe yemari. Indo-Pacificial Economic Formatood (IPAF)[FF] inotangwa neUnited States muna 2022, Australia iri kusimbiswa senhengo inovamba, inonangidzira pambiru ina: kutengeserana, kugovera cheni, simba rakachena, uye kushatisa. Nepo isati iri gamuchidzanwa FTA, IPEF inoshuva kugadza mipimo ndokupfavisa batira pamwero inoparira mativi akaoma. Australia ishasha yeidzo yomuzvarirwo yeidzo inosimbiswa pamusoro pokusimbara uye kutsigira.

[[FLT:] Kushambadza kwechidhigita nenhamba yemitengo yemitemo zvinopa mukana mukuru. Digital Economy Strategy [ inobatanidza kutsigira kufambiswa kwemazita omuraudzo, computersecurity, uye mativi emitengo munharaunda. Australia-Sinkore Digictical Ecomy Active Active (DEA)[FLT:] yakasainwa muna 2020] rudzi rwayo rwokutanga munharaunda, mapepa, mapepa, kutengeserana, uye ungwaru. Kuwedzera zvibvumirano zvakadaro kugona kuparira kutenderera mumitengo.

Kukura kwemiti nemari yezvemamiriro okunze [[FLT: 1] ndizvo zvinotangawo. Australia iri kuisa mari mumabasa esimba anomutsidzirwa muPacific, zvakadai se Fiji Green Investicement kuongorora musika wecarbon yomunharaunda. Kupfurikidza nokubetsera vavakidzani kuchinja kuva upfumi hwechitima chakaderera, Australia inogona kuita bhizimisi idzva muruzivo rwamabasa nemabasa zvakachena, nepo ichiita tyisidziro iripo yechinjo yemamiriro okunze.

Imwe nzira inovimbisa ndiyo [[FLT: 0] zvirongwa zvokufamba zvakaoma. [Pificalence]Labour Molitility Study yakatobvumira zviuru zvezvitsuwa zvePacific kushanda muAustralian kurima uye tarisiro dzakwegura. Kuwedzera iyi purogiramu kudzimwe nzvimbo kwaigona kuwedzera mibato nounyanzvi, kukudza zvisungo zvemari. Nenzira yakafanana, purogiramu yomushandi wenguva yeAustralia neyakidzayo yePacific.

Pakupedzisira, Australia inofanira kupfuurira kusimbisa kuvimbisana kwayo ne Pacific Islands Forum uye kutsigira [[FLT:] Pacificience Facelity [, mari inochinjirwa mamiriro okunze. Nokutungamirira panhau dzemari duku, Australia inovaka chivimbo nemutsa, izvo zvinokosha kuti pave newirirano inobudirira.

mhedziso

Basa reAustralia mukusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwezvemari munharaunda muIndo-Pacific nderenhau uye kutarira mberi. Nzvimbo yayo yezvokutengeserana yakasimba, uye kuzvipira kunzvimbo dzakawanda zvinoiita mukwanyina anokosha munharaunda. Kupfurikidza neFTA, yamuro, uye kutora rutivi mukushingaira mumibato yeruwa, Australia yabetsera miganhu yakaderera, kuvaka miganhu, uye kusimudzira kuterama. Kunyange zvakadaro nzira iri mberi haisati iri isina mhinganidzo, mikwikwidzano yezve yemari, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunoda ngwariro inotevedzerwa nokugadziridzwa. Kupfurikidza nokutengesa, kukura kwemapuraneti, uye mapuraneti, Australia inogona kupfuurira kufambisa kuyamura kuti nyika dzose dzinobetsera Indo-Pac. Mukuita kudaro, hakuidzi upfumi hwayo bedzi asi kubetsera nharaunda yakabatanawo panzvimbo dzose dzePaPasi.

Onawo: Free Trade Acts – Department of Foreign Affairs ne Trac ; [ PP rugwaro nezviwanikwa [; [FLT]; [FLT] mushumo weAsia weIndex paIndo-PFUP]; ; [[FLT] Institute yeITP]