Sumo

Hurumende yeUnited States inovakirwa pagadziriro yeparadzano yemasimba, ichiparadzanisa chiremera pakati pamapazu matatu akaenzana: mitemo, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi. Iyi gadziriro inovimbisa kuti hakuna chinhu chimwe chine simba risingadzorwi. Nepo aya mapazi kazhinji kazhinji achiratidzika kuva ari kure, anoumba anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva pamugariro wemhepo waunofema kunzvimbo yako yakachengeteka, dzidzo inogamuchira vana vako, uye dziviriro yekodzero dzako hurusa. Kunzwisisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda sei uye kuti zvisarudzo zvaro zvinotapura sei muitiro wako kunokosha nokuda kwokushingaira, kuva mugari wenzvimbo inoziviswa. Nyaya inonzvera mabasa akasiana nemibato yavo yezuva riri rose uye inogovera mienzaniso yakajeka yetapuko, ichikubetsera kuona hurumende senzvimbo isingashandisi yebasa asi sesimba guru muupenyu hwako.

Kupfuudzira Mapazi Matatu eHurumende

Vavambi veUnited States vakagadzira bazu ramapazu matatu akaparadzana kuti rivake gadziriro yechekero nechiyero. Bazu re rinoita mitemo, [ rinoisa mativi epabuti rinodzikamisa, uye bazi] rinoibatanidza, uye judiciastial bazu [[ rinoidudzira. Iri boka rinodzivisa bazu ripi neri risinganyanyova nesimba zvikuru uye rinosimbisa kuti mirano inorangarirwa nokungwarira kubva mumakona akawanda. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine masimba aro aro akasiyana namabasa, asi rinobatanidzawo uye rinokwidza rimwe, rimwe rakatsungirira rimwe remamazana maviri.

Kuunganidzwa kwamasimba ose, mitemo, dare, uye dare remitemo, mumaoko mamwe chetewo... kunganzi nenzira yakarurama rondedzero imene youdzvinyiriri. – James Madison, Federalst N. 47

Bazu Romutemo: Kuita Mitemo Inoumba Upenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Bazu remitemo, rinozivikanwa seCongress, rakaumbwa namakamuri maviri: Imba yaVamiririri (435 mitezo inogoverwa nevagari vemo) uye Dare (mitezo 100, miviri pahurumende). Dare rine mutoro wokunyora, kukwikwidza, uye kupfuudza mitemo inodzora rudzi. Rinodzorawo mari inoshandiswa nehurumende, kuzivisa hondo, uye kugovera tarisiro yebazu revakuru vakuru. Mitemo inoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwezuva rako, kubvira panguva yaunomuka kusvikira panguva yaunorara.

Mabasa eBazu Romutemo

  • Kugadzira murairo: Zvibvumirano, kugadziridza, uye vhoti pamabhiri izvo zvinova mutemo womubatanidzwa.
  • [[[FOL:0] Kushatisa neMiedzo:[[FOL:1] Kusarudza kuti muripi wemitero anopedzerwa sei pamapurogiramu, manyuko, uye mabasa.
  • Kududzirwa: Mitezo yeDare inoteerera zvikamu uye kutsigira fariro dzazvo.
  • [ Kupasa: mabasa avakuru vakuru uye kudzora kunzwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chokuzvidavirira.
  • Kusimbisa uye Treaty Ratiation: Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi uye rinotendera zvibvumirano (mabasa eSanita bedzi).

Kutapura Kunoita Bazu Romutemo Upenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Zvisarudzo zvemisangano yeungano zvinongoerekana zvachinja sezvaunoita.

  • Throsa: The Students Fuevees Act (ESSA) inogadza nhungamiro dzemubatanidzwa nokuda kwedzidzo yeK-12, ichipesvedzera mipimo yedzidzo uye mari nokuda kwezvikoro zvavose. Apo Congress inonyorazve mutemo uyu, inotapura zvakananga pfuma inowanika mukirasi yomwana wako.
  • Mitemo yemari: Mitemo yakafanana neAffordble Care Act (ACA) inosarudza kusvika kwako kuinishuwarenzi youtano, dziviriro nokuda kwemigariro isati yavapo, uye mari yemipiro. Zvisarudzo zvemari yesangano reMitemo yemari zvinotapurawo mari yeMedicaid, Medicare, uye nzvero yezvoutano yavose paNational Institutes of Health.
  • [[FONT:0] Konsomi Dziviriro: Mutemo wakadai seConsumer Product Safection Act inodzora chengeteko yezvinhu zvaunotenga, kubva pabhiribhu kusvikira kumaelectronic. Dare rinogadzawo mitemo nokuda kwokunyora zvokudya nekotsekano yecheketi yokugovera.
  • [[NHAU]] : Catect yeEair neClean Water Act, zvose zviri zviviri zvakapfuudzwa neCongress uye pakupedzisira kugadziridzwa, kutanga mipimo inobudisa mhepo nezvinonakisa mvura izvo zvinotapura mhepo yaunofema nemvura yaunonwa.
  • : Gore riri rose, Congress inogadziridza zvikwaniriso zvemitero, zvitsananguro, uye zvikwereti. Bumbiro remitero rinotema kuti mari yako inoendeswa kuhurumende yakawanda sei uye rinopesvedzera zvisarudzo zvakadai sokutenga musha kana kuti kuchengeta penjeni.
  • transport:[[FTL:1] Freetal mari yemari yemari inobhadharwa yomugwagwa kugadziridza, kuvakwa kwebhiriji, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa dzavose. Kana uchifamba zuva nezuva, mugariro wemigwagwa iyoyo nokuvapo kwezvitima kana kuti bhazi zvinotsamira zvikuru pamibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa.

Kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu izvi zvinobatsira sei kuongorora nzvimbo dzevamiririri vaunosarudza uye kusarudza kuvhota uchiziva, kunobva kwaita kuti ubhadhare mari yechikwereti, kuendesa mwana kuchikoro, kana kuti kuvhura pombi.

Bazu Rine Chiremera: Kuteerera Mitemo uye Kugovera Mabasa

Bazu guru rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi, uyo anobatira vose vari vaviri somukuru wehurumende nomutungamiriri wehurumende. Inobatanidzawo Vice Prezidenti, madhipatimendi (15 uye mamwe masangano), uye vashandi vazhinji vehurumende vavashandi vanopfuura mamirioni maviri vasiri varwi. Mutoro mukuru webazu ndewokuita ndokuita kuti mitemo ipfupiswe neCongress. Mukuita kudaro, inoita mabasa ayo maAmerica anotsamira pazuva riri rose.

Mabasa eBazu Rinotungamirira

  • [ Kushandiswa kweMitemo:[[FOL:1] Masangano eFederal anonyora mirau nemirau inogombedzerwa kupa kushanda kumutemo wesangano.
  • Affairs and Diplomacy: Purezidhendi anoita muitiro wokumwe, anotaurirana zvibvumirano, uye anogadza nhume.
  • Utsinye hweNational: Department of Defense namauto ane zvombo zvinodzivirira rudzi patyisidziro dzokunze.
  • Services: Masangano anotungamirira anotarisira mapurogiramu anobva kuSocial Security neMedica anogamuchira ngwavaira nedziviriro yemhoteredzo.
  • Mirairo Nezvibvumikiso: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuraira bazu ravakuru kuti riite mukati momutemo uripo, muitiro wokuumba pasina mutemo mutsva.

Kubatsira Kunoita Bazi Rine Vatungamiriri Muupenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Bazu rapamusoro rinotapura upenyu hwako zvakananga zvikuru kupfuura rimwe bazi ripi neripi kupfurikidza namabasa arinogovera nemirairo yarinosungisa:

  • Sacurity and Medicare: The Social Security Administration inotumira mudyandigere, urema, uye vapukunyuki betsero kumamirioni eAmerica. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services dzinopfuudzira utano hwavakweguru navanhu vakaderera vanogamuchirwa. Mapurogiramu aya anogovera chengeteko yemari neyezvokurapa mhuri yako.
  • Food Safety and Public Health: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inonzvera kukotsekano yezvokudya, mirimo, uye zvishandiso zvokurapa. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inotangisa hosha dzinomuka nenhungamiro dzoutano. Kana uchidya paresitorendi kana kuti kushandisa mishonga yakanyorerwa, unovimba neaya masangano.
  • Indaneti: Department yezvokufambisa inogadza mipimo yokukotsekana nokuda kwemotokari, inochengeta dzoro yendege, uye inogovera mipiro nokuda kwegadziriro dzemigwagwa nenjanji. Federal Aviation Administration (FA) inovimbisa chengeteko yendege, nepo National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTA) inodzora motokari dzinoyeuka.
  • dziviriro yemakemikari: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoita kuti mhepo yakachena nemipimo yemvura ishande, inotarisira kuchenesa tsvina ine ngozi, uye inodzora kuchengeteka kwamakemikari. Kunaka kwemhepo yako yomunzvimbomo nemvura kunotsamira zvikuru pazviito zveEPA.
  • Revolution yekunatsiridza:[[FLM] The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inoronga kuyamura ngwavaira mukati medutu, mwoto wemoto, mafashamo, uye zvirwere. Munguva dzenjodzi, bazu guru rinogovera yamuro inoponesa upenyu uye mari yokunaya.
  • Commumer Financial Protections: The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) inomanikidzira mitemo inodzivisa kukweretesa kwemhuka, inovimbisa kujeka mudzimba nemakadhi okukweretesa, uye inobata zvichemo zvinobva kuvatengi. Kana une chinetso nebhangi kana kuti mushandiri wechikwereti, CFPB inogona kupindira.
  • Kutora nokuisa miganhu: U.S. Unigship Service (USCIS) inoita zvishandiso zvevhiza, makadhi akasvibira, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Tsvato neFord Protection (CBP) inodzivirira nokurerutsa pamutemo kushambadza nokufamba.

Kunyange uri kushanyira paki yenyika, uchibhadhara mitero yako neIRS, kana kuti uchigamuchira pasuru yakapiwa neUnited States Postal Service, uri kukurukurirana nebazi rinotungamirira.

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mitemo uye Kudzivirira Kodzero

Bazu redare rinotonga rinoumbwa neDare repamusorosoro reUnited States uye matare ehurumende akaderera (matare eruwa, matare ezvikumbiro, uye matare chaiwo). Basa raro guru nderokududzira mutemo ndokuvimbisa kuti unowirirana neBumbiro remitemo. Kupfurikidza nesimba rekunzvera, matare anogona kuputsa mitemo nezviito zvavakuru vakuru izvo zvinoputsa nheyo dzemitemo. Iri bazi rinoita somuchengeti wekodzero dzomunhu oga uye mutauriri wokupedzisira werwisano dzapamutemo.

Mibato yeBazu Rokutonga

  • [ Kuiswa kweMitemo: Matare anosimbisa revo yemirau inopfuudzwa neCongress neBumbiro reMitemo rimene.
  • [[FLT: 0] Jodicial Review: Dare rapamusoro rine chiremera chokuzivisa mitemo kana kuti mirairo yavakuru vakuru isina kubatana, simba rakatangwa mu Marbury v. Madison [1803]).
  • Chisarudzo: matare eFederal anopedza rwisano dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa, mhatsa yougari, kana kuti Bumbiro remitemo.
  • Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero: Dare rinosungisa Bhiziro Rekodzero nezvimwe zvinopikirwa zvebumbiro remitemo, richidzivirira vanhu pahurumende pakunyengedzwa.
  • Kuiswa kwemitemo yeFederal Regional: Matare anohwirudzura zviito zvesangano kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti anowirirana nemirau inoita kuti igone kuitwa uye muitiro wakafanira.

Kutapura Kunoita Bazu Rokutonga Upenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Zvisarudzo zvedare zvinoumba upenyu hwako nenzira dzisati dzichiva pachena nguva dzose:

  • .CIVIL Rights neLivotion: Dare rapamusorosa se [[FLT:]Brown v. Board yeDzidzo (1454] yakagumisa kuva norudzi muzvikoro, nepo Obergefell v. Hodges[[FLT]] [2015] [15] inonyoresa roorano imwe cheteyo yetekisi munyika yose. Matsoro akadai Madha v. Arizona[FLD:] [5] [196] [196] kodzero dzawakatanga maruramiro aunoraviwa mukati mokusungwa.
  • Privtacy: Dare rakaziva maruramiro echivande anoparira maruramiro okubereka, kuwana kudzivisa kubereka, uye ganhuriro pakunzvera kwehurumende. Kukwanisa kwako kudzora mashoko ako umene omunhu oga nezvisarudzo zvokurapa kunotsamira kazhinji kazhinji parondedzero dzedare.
  • Ruramisiro: Dare rinosarudza nhungamiro dzokutonga, kusakwanisa kwoufakazi, uye mipimo nokuda kwokutonga kwakarurama. Pamunobatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi, munoita basa rakananga rebazu rino.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kodzero dzenzvimbo nedzenzvimbo: Nhau pamusoro pezvibvumirano, zvibvumirano, uye kuva nezvinhu dzinopedzwa mumatare ehurumende. Zvisarudzo zvezvinhu zvokutongesa zvinotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kunziyo dzaunodira kusoftware yaunoshandisa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mutemo wecherekedzo neConsumer:[[FLT: 1] Matare anohwirudzura denho kumirairo yeEPA, zvisarudzo zveFDA, uye mitemo yedziviriro yavatengi. Kana kambani ichipomerwa nokuda kwokutengesa chinhu chine ngozi, bazi rinotonga rinosarudza kuzvidavirira nokubhadharwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kupinda munyika neAsylmu:[[FTL:1] matare eFederal anonzwa zvikumbiro zvinobva kuvatongi vokutama, kuumba uyo anobvumirwa kugara munyika uye mumigariro.

Kana pasina murairo wemitemo unoregwa uyo unoita kuti zvimwe zviito zvose zvehurumende zvirambe zviri mukati meganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kupindirana Kwebazi

Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo inodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kudzora. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine masimba anogona kuganhurira mamwe:

  • [[FON] ][0] Carerf inogona kukunda dare rapurezidhendi rewito nembiri yetatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuisa mutemo, asi Congress inogona kukurira kurova ikoko.
  • Dare Rapamusorosa rinogona kuzivisa mitemo isina kuwirirana nemitemo, asi Musangano unogona kukarakadza chinjo dzebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kuisa mitemo mitsva iyo inotungamirira itiro hanya dzeDare.
  • Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa.
  • Coreff anodzora bhajeti [ nokuda kwamapazu avakuru vakuru namatare, achipesvedzera kushanda kwawo.
  • Imba inogona kuzvidza Purezidhendi kana kuti vatongi vehurumende , uye Dare rinogona kuvapa mhaka nokuvabvisa.

Iyi rondedzero inovimbisa kuti mitemo inoitwa neCongress inomanikidzirwa nenzira yakafanira uye inodudzirwa nenzira yakarurama. Kunorevawo kuti chinjo yetsika yaunoda ingada chiito mumapazu akawanda(a chiyeuchidzo chokuti kuvimbisana kwehurumende kunofanira kuva nemativi akawanda.

Nzira Dzokutsigira Nadzo Bazu Rimwe Nerimwe

Kunzwisisa kuti mapazi anokutapura sei ndiro danho rokutanga, rechipiri riri kubatanidzwa mukuitwa kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.Hedzi nzira dzinoshanda dzokuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwike pabazu rimwe nerimwe:

Kubatanidzwa Nebazu Romutemo

  • Kuvhota musarudzo nokuda kweImba naVatengi. Koroti yako inosarudza zvakananga kuti ndiani anokumirira muCongress.
  • Kurukurirana navamiriri vako namasangano [[FL:1] norunhare, email, kana kuti tsamba kuti utaure mirangariro yako pamusoro pomutemo unomirira.
  • horo dzemataundi dzakanaya[ uye nzvimbo dzavose kubvunza mibvunzo ndokukurukura nhau.
  • [[FT:0] Tsinhiro dzavose [ pamabhiri napakutongwa kwedare (zvakawanda zvakazarukira vanhu).
  • Paricipate mumapoka okusatendeseka iyo inosunda Dare pamisoro yakananga yakadai sezvoutano, dzidzo, kana kuti mhoteredzo.

Kugoverana Nebazu Rine Chiremera

  • Comment pamirau inokarakadzwa kupfurikidza nokuisa mitemo yemubatanidzwa pa .gov. murairo uri wose unokarakadzwa unobva kumasangano akafanana neEPA, FDA, uye DOT unofanira kugamuchira mubatanidzwa wavose usati wava wokupedzisira.
  • Particate musarudzo yapurezidhendi[[FL:1] uye zivisa mavambo kusarudza mukuru mukuru.
  • Sangana neWhite House nenzvimbo yayo yepaIndaneti kana kuti runhare kuti utaure zviri kukunetsa.
  • Kushandisa mabasa ehurumende kana kuti kubatira mumatare okuronga kuumba muitiro unobva mukati.
  • Ita mabasa omubatanidzwa uye inogovera muuyo kusangano.

Kubatanidzwa Nebazu Rokutonga

  • Kubatira padare rinobetsera vatongi parinodanwa. Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa dzokutora rutivi nadzo mugadziriro yokutonga.
  • File incicus curiae (shamwari yedare) mipfupi kana iwe kana kuti sangano rako rine unyanzvi hunokosha kunhau (inowanzoitwa kupfurikidza nomufananidzo wapamutemo).
  • Tevera zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro-soro ndokuzvikurukura munzanga yenyu. Murangariro wavose unogona kupesvedzera kugadzwa kwomunguva yemberi nemhinduro dzemitemo.
  • Masangano eNaACP Legal Defense Fund, kana kuti Institute for Justice.
  • Gara wakaziviswa [ pamusoro pekubvumikiswa kwedare uye nyorera vatenzi vako kuti vataure mirangariro yako pavanemine.

mhedziso

Mapazu matatu ehurumende yeUnited States haasi kure. Varipo muzvokudya zvaunodya, mhepo yaunofema, migwagwa yaunotyaira, zvikoro zvinopinda vana vako, uye rusununguko rwaunofarikanya. Bazu remitemo rinonyora mitemo inogadza mitemo negadziriro dzemari; bazi rinotungamirira rinoita mabasa uye rinoita kuti mitemo iyoyo iteererwe; bazi rinodzivirira kodzero dzako uye rinotsanangura gadziriro yemitemo inodzora zvinhu zvose. Nokunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana ebazi rimwe nerimwe(*) uye nzira dzarinoongorora nadzo pamutemo dzinoita kuti rive mugari wemo akapindwa. Kana muvhota, tsinhiro pamiraudzo, inobatira padare, kana kuti kurukurirano navamiririri vako, kusimbisa gadziriro yehurumende yehurumende. Hurumende yakagadzirirwa kubatira vanhu, uye vanhu vanofanira kuramba vachiziviswa kuti iite basa racho.

[ nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera zviwanikwa zvapamutemo: