Kupfuudzira kweBazu Rine Simba Romutemo

Bhizi rinopa chiremera charo cheSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reProfesiti reU.S. chinobva muChikamu II cheMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo, iro rinoisa “Simba reBasa guru” muna Purezidhendi uye rinogadza saMutungamiriri . Iri dare rinopa Purezidhendi chiremera mukutungamirira kurukurirano dzehurumende, kuraira masimba ane zvombo, uye kutungamirira simba rinotsigira mabasa aya. Kusafanana neLegislative Bhaviti, rakagadzirirwa kurangarira nokumirira, Bazi reGurukota reGuru reHurumende rinovakwa nokuda kwokumhanya, chinzwa, uye kubatana kukuru kunokosha mukupindura nokukurumidza njodzi dzamarudzi ose. Mumazana maviri amakore, ukurumbidzo yesimba rehurumende munharaunda idzi dzakakura zvikuru, nokuchinja kwehondo, uye kuchinja kweUnited States sesimba guru renyika yose.

Vapamberi veBazu razvino uno vanodzikamisa vanoshandisa chengeteko yenyika uye muitiro wokumwe kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wakaoma wemadhipatimendi, masangano, uye masangano anoronga. Zvakatanhamara zvikurusa zvinobatanidza Department of State, Department of Defense, National Security Council (NSC), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), uye Hofisi yeMutungamiriri weNational Intelligence (ODNI). Sangano rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda pasi pomutungamiriri waPrezidhesi asi rinobatirawo senzvero muchiito chokukurumidza kana kuti chitsoro chekushandisa chibvumirano chemiteshi yezve. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano aya anobatana sei kunokosha zvikuru kunzwisisa makambanitiri enyika yose eU.U.S.

Mabasa Okuchengeteka Kwenyika Yose

Chengeteko yenyika inobatanidza kwete bedzi dziviriro mutyisidziro dzehondo asiwo dziviriro yepfuma yemari, zvivako zvakakasharara, uye nyika yokuAmerica kubva mumativi akafara enjodzi. Chiremera chaPurezidhendi saMutungamiriri .Nhevedzeri .Chinoumba chinooneka zvikurusa, asi simba ravakuru vakuru rinotambanukirawo kukuunganidzwa kwouchenjeri, kurwisa ugandanga, ugandanga, uye kutarisirwa kwekurumidziro. [[FLT:] National Security Council [[] rinoshanda somutungamiriri wePromanidhea nokuda kwokurangarira idzi nhau, richiunzawo vakuru vakuru vakuru vachibva muhurumende kuti vakunde muhurumende kuti vakunde uye wirirane muwirirano.

Chiremera Chehondo Nomukuru Wehondo ­ ­

Purezidhendi haazivisi hondo . kuti simba ndereDare muChikamu I, asi vanogona kuraira mauto eU.S. kuti arwise pasina mvumo yemitemo. Idi iri rave riri manyuko enyanduko inopfuurira pakati peGuta Rinodzora naMakurukota. Mapazu eHondo eHondo eGenezi e 1973, akapfuudzwa paPrezidhendi Nixon, anoda Purezidhendi kuzivisa Congress mukati memaawa 48 okuita mauto ane zvombo uye kuvabvisa pashure pamazuva 60 kutoti Dare rinobvumira chiito chinopfuuridzirwa. Mubasa, vapurezidhendi vamapadirendi vama vari vaviri vakapikisa kuti chisarudzo pachiremera chavo chebumbiro remitemo, uye zvinodikanwa zvacho zvakawanzoshorwa.

Mienzaniso yemauto akadzorwa nevakuru vakuru inosanganisira kupindira kwaPrezidhendi Obama muna 2011 muLibya, kurwisa kwa2020 kwaPrezidhendi Trump kwaakaita kuIran General Qasem Solemani, uye kutsigira kwaPrezidhendi Biden Ukraine pashure pokuvhozhokera kweRussia kwa2022. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, Purezidhendi akaita pasi pechiremera chavo chebumbiro remitemo saMutungamiriri wehurumende .Nhevero dzimwe nguva neapo pasina kubvumira kwepamutemo.

Uchenjeri Nokuunganidza Mashoko

Bhazi reGumi reBazi rinotsamira paIntelligence Community (IC), kubatanidzwa kwamasangano nehofisi 18, kuti rigovere mashoko anodikanwa nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvegudzanzwi. CIA inonangidzira ngwariro pakuunganidzwa kwouchenjeri hwokunze nokuviga; NSA inoziva zviratidzo zvouchenjeri; uye FBI inobata tyisidziro dzomumba uye inopesana. Mutungamiriri weNational Intelligence (DI), nzvimbo yepabhedhi yapamusoro yakaitwa pashure pekudenha kwe 9 / 11, inobatira semupi wenyanzvi huru yaPresidenti.

Uchenjeri hunotsigira kwete bedzi zvirongwa zvehondo asiwo kurukurirano dzezvokutengeserana, zvibvumikiso, uye ugandanga. Kuvara kwouchenjeri ndihwo kazhinji kazhinji hunoparadzanisa muitiro unobudirira nokukundikana kune ngwavaira(Somuenzaniso, kunzvera kwenhema kwokuti Iraq yaiva nezvombo zvokuparadza kukuru kwakatungamirira kukuvhozhokera kwa 2003. Naizvozvo, Bazu Rinodzora rakaisa mari yakawanda mukunzvera, kutarisira, uye chinjo kuvandudza kururama nokudzivisa kushatisa. Office yeMutungamiriri weNational Intelligence[ inokurudzira “TShudzidzo yeNyika yose yeSangano yeSangano reProseroriyo yegore negore.

Chengeteko Yenyika Yemusha Nokutarisirwa Kwenhamo

Department of Homeland Security (DHS), yakagadzwa muna 2002, inobatanidza kuchengeteka kwemiganho, kuchengetwa kwevatami, njodzi, uye kuchengeteka kwezvokufambisa pasi pedhipatimendi rimwe rinotungamirira. Kugadzirwa kwayo kwakaratidzira kurongwazve kukuru kwehurumende yehurumende mukupindura denho dze9/11. Purezidhendi, kupfurikidza neDHS uye Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), ane mutoro wokubatanidza kuita kwehurumende ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, zvinoitika zvemagandanga, uye zvirwere zvinoparira bhasikoro, (jeri ress) rakava rinooneka zvikuru mukati medutututututu rePrituko rePreant neCHOVID .

Bhizi racho rinoongororawo kumira kwenyika neIndaneti nokuongorora zveCybersecurity and Infrapublicture Security Agency (CISA), inoshanda nevoruzhinji kuti vadzivirire zvinhu zvinoda kuchengetedzwa. Vavengi vokune dzimwe nyika zvavanoramba vachishandisa kurwisa kwemakombiyuta kuti vavhiringidze kusarudza, kuba zvinhu zvounyanzvi, kana kuti kukanganisa simba, basa raPuercerier mukuronga nzira dzepaIndaneti uye kutsigira kana kuti kudzivirira kana kuti kushandisa kwakaipa ingori kwave chinhu chinokosha pakuchengetedza nyika yose.

Kutsvaka Nhau Dzokunze Kwenyika Nokushaya Mazano

Purezidhendi ndiye mumiriri mukuru worudzi, ane chiremera chokuziva hurumende dzokumwe, kugadza nhume, uye kutaura zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose. Nepo Dare richifanira kusimbisa zvibvumirano nokutendera nevoruzhinji vaviri mativi matatu, Purezidhendi anogonawo kusaina “zvibvumirano zvokuuraya” izvo zvisingadi kubvumira Dare. Zvibvumirano izvi, zvinofukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva kukutengeserana kuenda kudzorwa nezvombo, zvakawedzera nemhaka yokuti zvinobvumira Bazu reGuru reHurumende kuita chiito nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura kubvumiranwa kwechibvumirano.

Diplomatic Relations neBato reHurumende

Department of State, inotungamirirwa noMunyori weHurumende, inoita muitiro wokumwe waPrezidhendi kupfurikidza namasangano, masangano, uye mabasa okutonga munyika dzinenge dzose. Masangano eAmerica anomirira fariro dzeU.S. anomirira bvumirano, uye anopa mirauriro panzvimbo yemapango inoziviswa mutemo. Purezidhendi anogadza mashoko okukurukurirana nekurukurirano. (pane nguva shoma kupfurikidza nebvumirano yePresidenti yeParis Climate Areation (iyo U.S. yakabatana naPrezidhendi weU. Obama uye gare gare gare yakabatana naPrezidhendi Biden pashure pokurega kwechipfupi), kana kuti kupfurikidza ne “America yeFirital Begal Bigateadalitial, seyaro yakatendwa naPrezidhente Tru Tru.

Kukurukurirana kwevatungamiriri kunobatanidzawo “kukurukurirana kusingadzorwi,” apo Purezidhendi anosangana nevatungamiriri vokune dzimwe nyika kuti agadzirise makakatanwa kana kuti asimbise mibatanidzwa. U.S.N.N.Korea muna 2018 na2019, Kamba David Apps yakaputswa naPurezial Carter muna 1978, uye kushandira pamwe kunopfuurira neJapan neSouth Korea mienzaniso inokosha yokuti kuvimbisana kuva purezidhendi kunogona sei kuumba ukama hwamarudzi ose pamwero mukurusa.

Tsamba Nezvibvumirano Zvemarudzi Ose

Simba rebvumirano rinoenzanisira kufambidzana kwebumbiro remitemo pakati pebazu reGumbi neLegislative. Purezidhendi anotaura chibvumirano, asi chinova chibvumirano pashure bedzi pembiri ne 3tatu dzeDare raipa zano nebvumirano. Zvibvumirano zvikuru zvakadai seNorth Atlantic Treaty (1949) uye New START Treaty (2010) zvakabvisa nenzira inobudirira iyi danda rakakwirira. Zvimwe, zvakadai seComprehensive Nyuclear, Testation, zvakakundikana kuwana tendero yeDare. Kudzivisa chiteshinanwa ichi, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanoshandisa zvibvumirano zvehurumende yeJoint Contrehenativentiventives Plan of Active Plan (chienza renyukireya) zvakaumbwa nechemendivaratiotiotisitisito panzvimbo pechibvumirano, achibvumira Purezidhendimeosipo kuti chishate pasina kubvumira kwayamukwa.

Muitiro uyu wakawana kutsoropodza kubva kunyanzvi navagadziri vemitemo vanoupikisa kuti unosekesa kutarisira kwesangano.Vatsigiri vanotsinhira kuti zvibvumirano zvavakuru vakuru chinhu chinodikanwa chinoshanda munyika inokurumidza kutama umo kukwidzanisa kwapamutemo kunogona kutora makore. nzira inodzorwa navakuru vakuru yehurumende inoitawo kuti zvibvumirano zvive nyore zvikuru kuti purezidhendi anotevera abvepo, sezvakaita Purezidhendi Trump nebatano yeIran muna 2018.

Masangano Enyika Dzakawanda Nemikoto Yakawanda

United States mutezo wakagadzwa weChibatanwa chaMarudzi, NTO, World Trade Organization, uye mimwe mitumbi isingaverengeki ine mibatanidzwa mizhinji. Purezidhendi anogadza vamiriri veU.S. kumasangano iwaya ndokusarudza mwero webvumirano yeUnited States. Somuenzaniso, U.S. inogovera mupiro mukurusa wemari kumari kuH.N.U. uye anogamuchira dzimbahwe rayo muNew York. Purezidhendi anoumbawo zvirongwa zveUN Security Council, umo U.S. ane chigaro chechigarire chechigarire uye simba.

Kupfurikidza namasangano amarudzi ose, Bazu Rinotungamirirwa neHurumende rinogona kuronda nharidzano idzo pasina nyika imwe inogona kuwana yoga: kuronga zvirango, kuparadzira yamuro yomutsa, kugadza mipimo youtano hwenyika yose, uye kuchengeta mibatanidzwa. Nhamburiko dzevatarisiri veBiden dzokubatanidza vakwanyina vaNO mukutsigira Ukraine, uye sundo yesangano reTrump yokuita kuti nhengo dzeNATO dziwedzere mari yokuzvidzivirira, dzinoratidzira kuti vatungamiriri vehurumende vanoita sei migumisiro yakawanda.

Upfumi Hwemari: Kushambidzwa, Kutengeswa, uye Aid

Kuchengeteka kwenyika nenhau dzokunze hazvina kuganhurirwa kuzvishandiso zvehondo kana kuti zvemibatanidzwa. Bazu Rinotungamirirwa neBazi rinoshandisa simba guru rezvemari kupfurikidza nezvibvumikiso, mirau yezvokutengeserana, uye betsero dzokunze. Purezidhendi anogona kuisa zvirango mumitemo yakadai seInternational Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEPA), inobvumira mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru kuvhara zvinhu uye kurambidza kudyidzana nenyika dzakadenhwa, masangano, kana kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe. Miitiro yokunze, inoshandiswa kurwisana neIran, North Korea, Russia, uye ugandanga hwakawanda.

Zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi uye mutemo wezvokutengeserana zvinomirawo pasi pebumbiro rehurumende, zvichidzorwa nenhevedzo dzehurumende. Purezidhendi anogona kukurukura kuderedzwa kwemitemo kana kuti kuisa “chengeteko yenyika". Zvibvumirano zvechikamu 232 cheTrade Trump paChikamu cheTradentition Act, sezvakaitwa naPrezidenti Trump pasimbi nealuminum. Mari, inopiwa neU.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), inogovera betsero yemari nehondo kushamwari dzehurumende, inotsigira kusimudzirwa kwehurumende yehurumende, uye purofiti yemari. Pamwe chete, izvi zvishandiso zvemari zvinopa shopu yeBazi reBazi reBazi reBazi reBazi rokudzora nokuda kwokupesvedzera mamwe marudzi pasina kushandisa simba.

Makeja Nedzikamo

Zvikamu zvebumbiro reMitemo zvamaune zvesimba pamusoro pechengeteko yenyika nenhau dzokunze. Mutungamiriri wehurumende angava mutambi mukuru, asi Congress anodzora nemari, anozivisa hondo, uye anosimbisa vakuru vakuru. matare, nepo achiwanzova anowirirana nechiremera chehurumende mune dzimwe nyika, padzimwe nguva akadzongonyedza, zvikurukuru mu Protown ft & Tube Co. v. Sayner mhaka, yakaganhurira Purezidhendi Truman kuedza kutora zvigadziko zvesimbi mukati mehondo yeKorea. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira maruramiro avanhu vakabatwa paGuankamo Bay kudenha kusungwa kwavo, kuganhurira simba ravo roukuru muhondo.

Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nevarwi

Dare rinoshandisa kutungamirira kupfurikidza nokutongwa kwedare, kunzvera, simba rechikwama, uye chiremera charo pavanyori vedare, nhume, uye vakuru vakuru vemitengo. Dare reSanongedzero neDare reMipinduriro yeMibato yeMitemo rinoita mabasa makuru zvikuru. Vatengi vemitemo vanogonawo kupfura chiito chokutungamirira, somuenzaniso, Iran Nuclear Account Review Actict ye 2015 yakada Purezidhendi kuti ape zvirongwa zvikuru zvenyukireya kuCongresstion Office (GAO) inogona kuongorora mabasa ehurumende, uye vaongorori veboka guru rehurumende mubato rimwe nerimwe renyika inobvisa tsvina, kunyengera, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Pasinei zvapo neizvi, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti Congress yakapa chiremera chikuru zvikuru kumukuru mukuru wehurumende mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Chibvumikiso chokushandiswa kweuto (AMFs) chakapfuudzwa muna 2001 na2002 chakashandiswa kururamisa mabasa munyika dzinopfuura gumi nembiri, pasina mvumo itsva dzesangano. Nhamburiko dzokudzosa kana kuti kuvandudza idzi bvumidzo dzakadzokororwazve, kuchisiya Purezidhendi ane rusununguko rwakafara rwokushandisa simba rehondo.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Matare eFederal haawanzova madzokeri tevere Purezidhendi pazvisarudzo zvikuru zvokunze, zvakadai senyika ipi yokuziva kana kuti nzira yokushandisa nayo mauto. Zvisinei, anopindira apo zviito zvokutungamirira zvinoputsa kodzero dzevanhu kana kuti miganhu yemitemo. Mitongo inobatanidza kusungwa kwevarwi vevavengi, kuongorora pasina pamutemo, uye kurambidza kufamba kwose kwakasvika kuDare Guru, uko muchinoitika chimwe nechimwe kwakagovera kunzvera pamusoro poukuru nepowo vanobvuma chiremera chapapamusoro chaPrezidhendi munhau dzorudzi dzechengeteko.

Mafungiro Evanhu Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Nepo kusati kuri kunzvera kwepamutemo kwebumbiro remitemo, murangariro wavose nenhau yakasununguka zvinobatira seganhuriro dzine simba pasimba ravakuru vakuru. Mapurezidhendi anotanga hondo dzisingadaviriki kana kuti kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwenjodzi dzokumwe kazhinji kazhinji anoona kuderera kwekuyera mirangariro yavo yetendero, uko kunogona kuganhurira mano avo okuronda kumwe kufambira mberi. Nhengo dzenhau dzezvemaridzo dzenhau. Yakadai sechinyorwa cheThe New York Times chePentagon Papers kana kuti kubudisa kwaEdward Snowden pamusoro peNSACHEA yafushard yakaratidzira mapurogiramu anorongwa anorongwa uye yakatanga gakavarangeripo, kuchitungamirira kumiriro yemigadziro yemitemo yedare rehurumende. Bhavi reBazi rinofanira naizvozvo kunzvera kwete bedzi muganhu wemitemo yetsikanoruzhinji asiwo dare revo.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Nemabasa Anogadziriswa

Bhazi Rinotungamirira nhasi rinotarisana nengozi yakasiyana zvikuru neyapaHondo Yemashoko. Makwikwi makuru esimba neChina neRussia, kukwira kwevatambi vehurumende semapoka emagandanga uye mibatanidzwa yematsotsi yomunyika yose, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, zvifo, uye kubvisa mashoko munhimbe dzose dzinoda kuchinjika uye chiito chokugadzira zvinhu. Mutungamiriri anofanira kudzikamisa kutarisana nokuronga kwenguva pfupi nenhambo, zvose nepo achishanda mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuungana kwesimba.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakatanga zvinhu zvitsva zvakaoma. Kurwisa nokurwisa kunogona kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye kuparira kuvadziko yakaenzana nokurovanya kwehondo kwakarovedzeka; maodha makuru nemirairo yechengeteko yenyika zvazova mutoo mukuru wokugadza muitiro wekombiyuta. Space, nzvimbo refu yokunzvera kune rugare, zvino yava horo yehondo yakakwikwikwidzwa, neU.S. Space Force yebasa idzva mukati meBato reMutima weAir Force / zvinoshuma zvakananga kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yeGumbi reGumbi reGumbi reGumbi reGumbi reNyika reUnited States.

Zvikarakadzo zveReformation zvinobatanidza kuraira maAMF matsva nokuda kwerwisano dzakarebesa, kusimbisa basa reChibvumirano cheDare יadviceāndātion, uye kuisa ganhuriro dzakasimba pabvumirano dzehurumende. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vacherekedzi vazhinji vanotaura kuti kuoma uye kukurumidza kwetyisidziro dzazvino uno kunosiya Purezidhendi asingasarudziri asi kuti ashandise uchenjeri hukuru. Kuoma kwechiito chinoshanda nokuzvidavirira kwehurumende kunoramba kuri denho huru yechengeteko yorudzi rweU.S.

mhedziso

Bhazi Rinoparira Dare Rokutungamirira ibasa rechengeteko yenyika yeAmerica nenhau dzokunze, rinosimbiswa neBumbiro reMitemo kuita chiito nenzira yakananga mukudzivirira fariro dzenyika. Kubva pakuraira hondo ine simba zvikurusa yenyika kutungamirira kurukurirano dzemibatanidzwa yezvoupfumi nokushandisa midziyo yezvemari, Purezidhendi nesangano rebazu rinotungamirira nhevedzano yenyika yose zuva riri rose. Asi simba iroro harina kukwana. Sangano rezvokunzvera nokudzikamisa remitemo (jekarerusa) rakadzika midzi muutariri hwehurumende, kuhwirudzura, uye dare rinoorora vanhu vose kuti chiito chikuru chinoramba chiripo pakati pechiremera nemitemo. Kunzwisisa kuoma kunzwisisa pakati pebazu rino kunokosha nokuda kwevagari veUnited States vanotsvaka kunzwisisa sei kuti nyika inowedzera kuva nengozi.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza [[FLT: 0] U.S. Dhipatimendi remishumo yehurumende , [[FLT :2] Tchereal Trade yeNyika yeBumbiro reMitemo [, uye [[FLT] Council on Foreign Relations [[FLT]]