Mavambo Ebumbiro Remitemo Renzvimbo

Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi chebasa hachisi chingoriwo hacho muitiro womuitiro asi chirevo chebumbiro remitemo chokuti chichengetedze gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Chikamu 1, Claus 8 cheU.S. Chikamu chinonyora mashoko chaiwoiwo: "Ini ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti ndichashandisa nokutendeka Hofisi yaPrezidhendi weUnited States, uye ichadzivirira, nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States." Mutauro uyu wakananga wakaitwa naMadzibaba Akawanwa kuti atange chisungo pakati papurezidhendi anouya norudzi rwava kuda kubatira. [[FLT:] Antion, , chengeta uye dzivirira muganhu weIstikiro yeidzo yebasa iri repamutemo uye gurokota rebazu.

Kubatanidzwa kwemhiko muBumbiro reMitemo pacharo kunoratidza kukosha kwayo. Kusafanana namamwe marudzi akawanda umo mhiko dzehofisi dzinowirirana kana kuti dzegamuchidzanwa, United States yakaisa ichi chinodikanwa zvakananga mumutemo wayo mukuru. Chisarudzo ichi chakaratidzira itiro hanya huru yavaFramers nenyanzvi. Zvavakanga vachangobva kurwa hondo kuti vapukunyuke kutonga kwemadzimambo, vakanzwisisa kuti mutungamiriri aigona kuva motokari yokuda chinzvimbo neauto. Chipikiso chacho chakavakwa sedziviriro, vimbiso yavose yaizoita kuti purezidhendi wacho azvibate kudare rimwe chetero rinodzorwa kuimwe nzvimbo yebumbiro remitemo rehurumende.

Vezvenhau vanocherekedza kuti mhiko yacho yakabatirawo donzo rinoshanda muRepublic yapakuvamba: yakabetsera kururamisa hurumende itsva yehurumende mumaziso avanhu vanopanikirika. Apo George Washington akaisa ruoko rwake paBhaibheri paFederal Hall muNew York City pana April 30, 1789, akanga asiri kungozadzika chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo. Akanga achitanga muitiro waizouya kurondedzera rugare, kuchinjwa kwakarongwa kwesimba, muitiro unoramba uri chimwe chemativi anosiana zvikurusa eAmerica. Raibhurari yeCongress Congress inochengeta mipimo yakafara [[[FLT: 0] yeWashingtons [FLT]], kubatanidza nhau dzenguva ino.

Chidimbu cheoath: Shoko neShoko

Ndinopika Zvisina Kufanira

Aya mashoko okuzarura anosimbisa ukombi hwenguva ino. Shoko rokuti "zvinetso" nderoune, rinosiyanisa ichi mhiko nezvipikirwa zviduku kana kuti zvibvumikiso zvezuva riri rose. Zvinoratidza kuti mukurukuri ari kupinda mumusengwa unosungirwa, uyo ane tsika dzakanaka, dzapamutemo, uye dzenhau. Chisarudzo ku "zvipikiso" panzvimbo pekuti chinokodzera avo vane zvitendero zvorudzidziso kana kuti tsika zvinovadzivisa kuita mhiko, kuratidzira ruremekedzo rweBumbiro remitemo nokuda kwezvitendero zvakasiyana. Kuchinjika uku kwakanga kuri kwechienzi nokuda kwenguva yarokurangarira kuzvipira kwavaFaramessa kugati vagari venzanga.

kuti ndipe Hofisi yaPirisita weUnited States nokutendeka

Ichi chitsama chamashoko chinotaura ukuru nomudzimu wesimba roupurezidhendi. "Kuita nenzira yokutendeseka" kunoreva zvinopfuura kuita bedzi mabasa; kunoreva kuvimbika kuhofisi imene, mitoro yayo, uye ganhuriro dzayo. Mutungamiriri haasati ari chigaro asi mukuru mukuru webumbiro remitemo, akasungirwa kuita mukati memiganhu yomutemo netsika. Rutivi urwu rwemhiko runopesana zvakananga nepfungwa ipi neipi yokuti purezidhendi angaita kunze kwomutemo muzita rekusunungurwa kana kuti chengeteko yorudzi. Ivimbiso kubatira nzvimbo, kwete kushandisa nzvimbo nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga kana kuti chishuvo.

Zvino chengetai, Muchengete, Mudzivirire Murayiro weUnited States, kusvikira paanogona napo;

Pano mhiko inosvika mugumo wayo. Zviito zvitatu zvinochengeta, zvinodzivirira, uye zvinodzivirira zvinoumba utatu hunofukidza mativi akasiana outariri hwebumbiro remitemo. "Preserver" zvinokarakadza kuchengeta Bumbiro remitemo sezvarakapirwa, pamusoro pemiganhu yaro yapakuvamba nenheyo. "Shectation" zvinoreva kudzivisa tyisidziro dzomukati nedzekunze kuudzori hwebumbiro remitemo. "Defend" inoda kudzivisa kwokushingaira kunhamburiko ipi neipi yokushatisa kana kuti kuputsa nhevedzano yebumbiro remitemo. Pamwerose, aya mashoko anoraira purezidhendi nomubato unopfuuresa shoko ripi kana kuti purogiramu ipi.

Chitsama chamashoko chinoti "kuna zvakanakisisa zvaMano angu" chinotanga mupimo womunhu oga wenhamburiko neperero. Chinobvuma kuti mapurezidhendi vanhu uye achakanganisa, asi chinoraira kuti vape mwero wavo wakazara wokushingaira nokutenda kwakanaka. Chitsama ichi chadudzwa munharo dzisingabvumirwi uye zvinetso zvapamutemo, kazhinji kazhinji sechiratidzo chokuongorora kana purezidhendi akabatira zvirokwazvo Bumbiro remitemo kana kuti akaita nokuzvidza namaune nokuda kwemirairo yaro.

Zviitiko Zvinokosha Zvenhau uye Zvidzidzo Zvavo Zvinogara Nenguva Yacho

George Washington, 1789: Kugadza Nhano

Kutora mhiko kwokutanga kwaWashington kwakanga kuri kwokutanga munzira dzakawanda. Akawedzera mashoko okuti "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" pashure pokudzokorora mashoko ebumbiro remitemo, wedzero iyo yazova yagara iri nhau yegamuchidzanwa asi inoramba iri nhau yekurukurirano. Chinokosha zvikuru kupfuura mashoko chaiwo akanga ari muenzaniso wakagadzwa naWashington: Akasvika pamutambo wacho akapfeka zvipfeko zvine mwero, akaisa ruoko rwake paBhaibheri, uye akapa hurukuro pfupi yokutanga yakasimbisa kuzvininipisa, chinzwano, uye runako rwenyika. Purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe chifo chaa akayerwa muuyu mupimo unokudzwa.

Abraham Lincoln, 1861 uye 1865: Muti Munguva Yokupesana

Lincoln akatanga kutsaurirwa muna March 1861 sezvo nyika dzeMadokero dzakanga dzatoparadzaniswa. Capitol dome yakanga isati yapera, kuratidzirwa kwokufananidzira kwehurumende yenyika yakaputsika. Lincoln akashandisa hurukuro yake yokutanga kwete kungotaura kupika asi kukwidziridza zvakananga kuruwa rwokuMadokero, kudana pamusoro pengirozi dzeMadokero, kuti "ngirozi dziri nani dzorudzi rwedu. Kufunga kwechipiri mu1865, kwakapiwa mavhiki mashomanene pamberi pokuurawa kwake, kunorangarirwa zvikuru sehurukuro hurusa munhau yeAmerica. Kutaura nezve "magalence" uye "Kupa chitsikiso nokuda kwezvose" Colvin akachinja mhiko yokufungisisa chivi chorudzi, chibayiro, uye kuyanana. [FLD]

Franklin Roosevelt, 1933: Oath During Economic Collapse

Roosevelt paakapika muna March 1933, nyika yakanga iri musimba reKuderera Kukuru kwoUkuru Hwoupfumi. Mabhangi akanga achikundikana, urovha hwakanga huri ngwavaira, uye chivimbo chavose chakanga chadzikira. Gurukuro rokutanga raro, nomutsetse waro wakakurumbira pamusoro pokuva ne "chinhu chokutya asi kutya imene," rakanga riri basa rakananga remhiko yacho imene. Akanga asati achingopika kutsigira Bumbiro remitemo; akanga achipika kudzorera tariro nokushanda kuhurumende yakaoma. Kushandisa kwake mhiko sepfundo gurusa reIshai yeDiare yakachinja ukama pakati pePuciety neAmerica, rakanga riri basa rakananga rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yezvoupfumi muupenyu apo yakanga ichiri kushanda mumitemo.

John Kennedy, 1961: Oath sedanidzo yokubasa

Kennedy anoramba ari mumwe wemifungo inoshamisa zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica. Purezidhendi muduku akapa kero yake pasina jasi pasinei zvapo nechando chakakomba, chiratidzo choushingi nokutsungirira. Kudana kwake ku "sabvunza icho nyika yako inogona kukuitira, bvunza chaunogona kuitira nyika yako" kuisazve mhiko yakabva mumhiko yapurezidhendi mudenho yenyika yose. Kennedy akabatanidza zvakajeka basa rake rebumbiro remitemo kumusero wehurumende, achikarakadza kuti mhiko yacho yakanga isiri chiito chimwe chete asi kubatira pamwe chete nehurumende yose younziri kutora rutivi nechibayiro chedemocracy.

Barack Obama, 2009: Marati Sechinyamudzura uye Chinjo

Obama akatanga kutsaurirwa kwakanyorwa mapoka makuru ndokuratidzira fambiro mberi munhau yedzinza reAmerica. Zvisinei, chinoitika chacho chakashatiswa kwechinguvana nokupikiswa mhiko, uko kwakatungamirira Mutongi Mukuru John Roberts naObama kuidzokorora zuva rinotevera racho nemhaka yokungwarira kukuru. Iyi nguva duku yakasimbisa zvokwadi huru: mhiko yakarurama uye inofanira kurangarirwa zvakakomba. Kutsauka kupi nokupi, kunyange kuduku, kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuva nemitemo. Kushandazve kwokungwarira kwemhiko kwakaratidzira nayo kutendeka uko rudzi runobata iyi gamuchidzanwa, pasinei zvapo neboka rezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti nguva yenhau.

Chivako uye Kushatiswa Kwokuzivikanwa Kwematongerwe Enyika eAmerica

Chizivikanwo chezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States hachina kusikirwa mudzinza, rudzidziso, kana kuti mugariro wenzvimbo. Izvo, mukati mazvo, pfungwa nemuitiro. VaAmerica vanozivikanwa neBumbiro remitemo, kutonga kwomutemo, uye muitiro wokuzvitonga kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Mhiko youpurezidhendi ndiimwe yetsika huru inosimbisa uku kuzivikanwa. Makore mana ari ose, rudzi runopupurira batano mhenyu nechinyorwa charwo chakagadzwa, chiyeuchidzo chinooneka chokuti purezidhendi anobatira Bumbiro remitemo, kwete imwe nzira inotsigira.

Iyi tsika ine muuyo une simba unobatanidza. Munyika seyakafara uye yakasiana seUnited States, tsika dzinogoveranwa dzinokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta pfungwa yebatira pamwe yenyika. Mhiko yacho inogovera nhambo yengwariro yavose, kumira muruzha umo vagari vemo vanogona kucherekedza kupiwa simba kune rugare. Kunyange avo vanovhotera mukurwisana napurezidhendi ari kuuya vanogona kupupurira mutambo wacho ndokuziva maruramiro okuchinja. Ichi hachisi chinhu chiduku munyika umo marudzi akawanda anowana kumukira, hondo dzavagari vemo, kana kuti gakavadzano.

Mhiko yacho inoumbawo kuzivikanwa kwapurezidhendi vamene. Vaichimbova mapurezidhendi vakawanda vakanyora kana kuti kutaura pamusoro penguva yokutora mhiko sechinjo, pfundo apo kurema kwehofisi kunova chaikoiko. Mashoko avo anopfuurira kunzwika kupfurikidza navatungamiriri vavo, achibatira sechiratidzo icho mabasa avo anotongwa. Apo purezidhendi anopomerwa pamusoro pomufambiro wakashata, mhiko yacho inowanzokumbirwa semupimo wavaputsa. Uku kuzvidavirira kunopfuurira ndimumwe wemabasa makurusa emhiko.

Muitiro, Chiratidzo, uye Rudzidziso Rwechipameso

Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro avanhu nenyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika vakarondedzera kutsaurirwa kwapurezidhendi, kubatanidza mhiko, sechimiro che "rudzidziso rwechimuko" zvitendero, tsika, uye zviratidzo izvo rudzi runozvinzwisisa rumene nazvo senzanga yetsika. Mhiko yacho inotora mutauro wetsika dzorudzidziso ("Indinopika zvakakomba) uye kazhinji kazhinji inobatanidza Bhaibheri, asi inonangidzirwa kunhevedzano yenyika. Uku kuvhenganiswa kwezvitendero zvitsvene nedzenyika kunoparira chinoitika chine simba nechokufananidzira icho chinopfuura zvamatongerwe enyikawo zvawo.

Nzvimbo yokupika zvinhuwo. Chifo cha 1981, mutambo wacho wakaitwa paWest Front yeCapitol, neNational Mall ichitambanukira kumadokero kunzvimbo dzinonzi shongwe dzeWashington, Lincoln, uye Jefferson. Iyi chitarisiko chinobatanidza purezidhendi ari kuuya nechenhau yeRepublic. Capitol amene chiratidzo chehurumende inomirira, nepo Mall anoshanda senzvimbo inoungana vagari vemo. Chiono chapurezidhendi anotora mhiko pamberi pamazana ezviuru zvavagari vemo, neWashington Monument iri kure, chakagadzirirwa noune kunyandura kuzvininipisa nokupfuurira kwenhau.

Kunyange zvigadzirwa zvakabatanidzwa nemhiko zvine ukoshi. Mapurezidhendi akawanda anoshandisa maBhaibheri emhuri kana kuti mavhoriyamu enhau. Abraham Lincoln akashandisa Bhaibheri zvino rinogara muRaibhurari yeCongress. Barack Obama akashandisa Bhaibheri rimwe chetero iro Lincoln akashandisa pakutsaurirwa kwake muna 1861. Zvinhu izvi zvinova zvisaririra zvokutenda kwehurumende yeAmerica, zvinobatanidza purezidhendi mutsva mumwe nomumwe nemutsara weavo vakatangira. Smithsonian Institution's [[FLT:]

Zvinetso Nenzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Vafudzi Dzakapoteredza Munda

Pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yayo inotsveneswa, mhiko yapurezidhendi haisati iri isingatapurwi negakava. Imwe kurukurirano inopfuurira inonangidzira pamashoko "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" ayo Washington anotaurwa kuva akawedzera, kunyange zvazvo ufakazi hwenhau husingasaruri. Vamwe vanotaura kuti wedzero inopesana nechimiro chemitemo yorudzidziso pakuedza nzvimbo. Vamwe vanoomerera kuti igamuchidzanwa risina ngozi rokutaura kwomunhu oga.

Chinonyanya kunzi, mhiko yave iri chinhu chikuru kukubvumirana nezviito. Nyaya yokupomera Andrew Johnson yakabatanidza pomero dzokuti akanga aputsa mhiko yake kupfurikidza nokuedza kubvisa Munyori weHondo pasina tendero yesangano. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kupomera kwaDonald Trump kwakabatanidza kutaura kwokuti iye akanga ashandisa zvisina kufanira simba rake neChibvumirano chakapikiswa, zviito izvo vatsoropodzi vakataura kuti zvakanga zvisingawirirani nemhiko yake yokuita mitemo nokutendeka. Idzi nhau dzino dzinoratidzira kuti mhiko yacho hadzisi haisiwo tsikawo zvayo yomutemo asi dzine simba chairoiro repamutemo nerezvamatongerwe enyika semupimo womufambiro.

Imwe denho ipfungwa yokuti mhiko yazova yetsika kana kuti isina maturo, zvikurukuru munhambo yechikamu chikuru. Vatsoropodzi vanonetseka kuti purezidhendi wamativi ose ari maviri akatambanudza miganhu yesimba ravakuru vakuru munzira dzinosekesa donzo rapakuvamba remhiko. Kukura kwemirairo yehurumende, kushandiswa kwamashoko okusaina, uye kukura kwechiito chemunhu asina kutsiva kwakamutsa mibvunzo yose pamusoro pokuti mhiko yacho ichiri inoshanda here sechinomanikidzirwa nesimba rapurezidhendi. Nyanzvi pamasangano akadai se [[FLT: 0] Brenan Center yeSahlulero kupfuurira kunzvera kuti mutemo unogona kusimbiswa sei mumugariro wokutarisira wazvino uno.

Mufungo Wakasiyana

Kunzwisisa mhiko yapurezidhendi weAmerica kunopfumiswa kupfurikidza nokuienzanisa nemiitiro yamamwe marudzi. Mumiitiro yakawanda yeparamende, mukuru wehurumende kana kuti mukuru wehurumende anoda mhiko inonangidzira ngwariro pakuvimbika kuna mambo kana kuti kurudzi rwose zvarwo. Mhiko yeAmerica inonangidzira ngwariro yakazara paBumbiro remitemo inosimbwa. Inoratidzira chitendero cheAmerica chokuti Bumbiro reMitemo ndiro manyuko makuru echiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete munhu, sangano, kana kuti pfungwa.

Mamwe marudzi anoda mhiko dzinobatanidza zvipikirwa zvokutsigira socialism, madzimambo, kana kuti tsika yakati yorudzidziso. Kusatora rutivi kweAmerica pamibvunzo yose yezvamatongerwe enyika inobvumira kuigamuchira purezidhendi vebato ripi neripi, rudzidziso, kana kuti chiono chenyika. Uku kusatora rutivi isimba, asi kunorevawo mhiko inogovera nhungamiro shomanene panhau dzinokakavara dzakadai sehondo, muitiro wemari, kana kuti maruramiro avagari vemo. Chipikirwa chetsika panzvimbo pomumwe munhu, chinosiya mapurezidhendi akasununguka kuronda miraudzo yose chero bedzi vachiremekedza gadziriro hurusa.

Mumarudzi umo masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ari asina kusimba, mhiko inogona kuva nzvimbo yenharo. Mapoka kazhinji kazhinji anovamba nokuderedzwa kwebumbiro remitemo nokushata kwemhiko. Nenzira yakapesana, chinjo dzedemocracy dzinowanzobatanidza kudzorerwa kwemhiko dzebumbiro remitemo sechiratidzo chokudzokera kuubati ushe hwapamutemo. Chinoitika cheAmerica, nenhevedzano yacho isingaputsikani yokuchinja kworugare, chinobuda pachena somuenzaniso wokutsiga kwebumbiro remitemo, kunyange zvazvo icho chisina kuva chisina kudzorwa kwayo imene nenhambo dzenjodzi.

Kuchengetera Zvizvarwa Zvenguva Yemberi Simba Remaoath

Sezvo United States inofambira mberi kugore negore rayo rechi 250, mhiko yapurezidhendi inoramba iri gamuchidzanwa rinokosha, asi simba rayo rinotsamira pakuremekedza nokuvimbisana kunopfuuridzirwa. apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa nhau yemhiko nerevo, vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire. Zvikoro, zvinobudisa nhau, uye masangano ehurumende zvose zvine mabasa okuita mukubvumikisa kuti mhiko yacho haisati ichiva rondedzero isina maturo asi musengwa mupenyu.

Chikarakadzo chimwe chinoshanda idzidzo yakawedzerwa yevagari vemo pamusoro pezvipikirwa zvemhiko nerevo. Nzvero dzinoratidza nguva dzose kuti vaAmerica vazhinji havagoni kududza mapazi matatu ehurumende, ndoda kuyeuka mashoko chaiwo emhiko youpurezidhendi. Kusimbisa kurava nokunyora kwavagari vemo kungabetsera vagari vomunyika kuyera kana vatungamiriri vavo vari kurarama mukuwirirana nemitemo. Miyuziyamu yakafanana ne Constitution Center inopa zvivakiso namapurogiramu zvinoita kuti dzidzo yebumbiro remitemo ive inowanikwa mumazera ose, ichibetsera kuchengetedza revo yemhiko nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichauya.

Kumwe kurangarira kushandiswa kworuzivo nezvinobudisa nhau. Muzera rokudirana nerenzanga, kutsaurirwa nokupika zvinosvika kuvateereri venyika yose. Ikoku kunopa mukana wokutsanangura revo yemhiko kuvaoni vamarudzi ose avo vangava vasina kurovedzana namagamuchidzanwa emitemo yeAmerica. Inobvumirawo kunzvera kwechokwadi chaikoiko netsinhiro, izvo zvinogona kukudza nzwisiso asi zvingapinzawo kutenderera kwechikwata chechishangairiso. Chinetso ndechokuti vashandise aya maturusi okushandisa kujekesera, kwete kurerutsa, ukoshi hwechipikiso.

Mugumo: Oath Sechipikirwa cheAmerica Kwairi Pachayo

Mhiko yapurezidhendi yehofisi inopfuura zvikuru kunyora kwapakarepo kunoitwa makore mana ari ose. Chitsikiso chebumbiro remitemo, muitiro wechinzwano, mupimo wapamutemo wokuzvidavirira, uye batano yapamutemo nemirangariro yokutanga yeRepublic. Kupfurikidza nenguva dzorugare nebudiriro, hondo nokuora mwoyo, kupesana nokuyananisa, mhiko yacho yakabatira sechiyeuchidzo chenguva dzose chokuti mutungamiriri wehurumende chinhu chakavimbika, kwete mubayiro. Inobatanidza mubati mumwe nomumwe weOvaki Hofisi yemitemo yeOval kugadziriro imwe cheteyo inotonga mugari wemo ari wose, ichisimbisa nheyo yenheyo yenheyo yeAmerica yokuti hapana munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo.

Mhiko inoumba kuzivikanwa kweAmerica kwezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokuisa chizivikanwo ichocho paBumbiro reMitemo. Inoyeuchidza rudzi kuti chinobatanidza vaAmerica harwusati rwuri ropa kana kuti kuberekwa asi musengwa unowirirana kukutonga kwomutemo uye kuzvitonga kwehurumende. Munhambo yechinjo inokurumidza nokupfuurira, chiyeuchidzo ichocho chiri madikanwa sekare. Mhiko yeAmerica chipikirwa kwavari vamene kurambira chipikirwa chokuramba vari rudzi rwemitemo, chechinjo dzine rugare, uye chehurumende inozvidavirira kuvanhu. Chero bedzi chipikirwa ichocho chinokudzwa pakutsaurirwa kworumbidzo rumwe norumwe, riphabliki yeRGBS ichava nenheyo paicharwokuvaka nguva yemberi.