Basa Regadziriro Dzehurumende Mukudzivirira Utano Hwavose

Basa Regadziriro Dzehurumende Mukudzivirira Utano Hwavose

Kudzivirirwa kwoutano hwavanhu ibasa renheyo rehurumende yeUnited States. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadudzi zvakajeka utano, chitsama chekodzero yegarikano nesimba rokudzora kutengeserana kwepasi pano zvinogovera hwaro hwapamutemo hwegadziriro huru yamasangano anoshanda nokuchengetedza rudzi rwacho zvakanaka. Masangano aya anoshanda mumarudzi akawanda emibato, pakudzivisa hosha nokuchengeteka kwezvokudya kuti zvifambise kunzvera nokuwedzera kukwanisa kutarisira . Kunzwisisa chivako, mabasa, uye batira pamwe chete zvamasangano aya kunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vagari vemo vanotsvaka kudzora kuoma kwegadziriro youtano yavose uye kushandiswa. Uku kunzvera mabasa makuru esangano renyika dzinoshanda zvakanaka.

Kushanda Kwemasangano Anokosha Anobatanidzwa Muutano Hwavose

Zvirongwa zvoutano zvavanhu vose zvehurumende zvinovakirwa pamasangano makuru anoverengeka, rimwe nerimwe rine basa rakasiyana uye mabasa. Kunyange zvazvo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) neFoood and Drug Administration (FDA) zvichiwanzogamuchira ngwariro yavose zvikurusa, masangano akadai seNational Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Service Administration (HSA), uye Substance Abuse Administration Administration (SA) inogovera tsigiro inokosha yakaenzana. Masangano aya anoumba gadziriro inoumba gadziriro inowirirana yakananga chinhu chose chinobva mukuongororwa kwehosha nerapidhio rezvokunzvera kuti itsikichenge kuendeswa kweutano uye tsigiro yezvoutano.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Zvokudya Nemirimo (FDA)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Zveutano uye Urongwa Hwemasangano (HRSA)
• Kubatwa Zvisina Kufanira Uye Kutarisirwa Kwemazano Outano Hwepfungwa (SAMHSA)

Pasi apa, tinoongorora sangano rimwe nerimwe zvakadzama, tichisimbisa mapurogiramu aro, nhoroondo dzekare, uye zvirongwa zvemazuva achangopfuura zvinoratidza kuti rinobatsira zvikuru utano hwevanhu.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Sesangano rezvoutano ravanhu renyika ino rapakuvamba, CDC inoshanda muDhipatimendi reUtano neMabasa avanhu (HHS) nokushandira kudzivirira America pautano, chengeteko, uye njodzi, zvose zviri zviviri zvokunze nevemumba. Yakawanwa muna 1946 kurwisa marariya, sangano racho rakawedzera zvikuru uye zvino rinotungamirira nhamburiko dzaro mukunzvera hosha, nzvero dzapamberi, utano hwemhoteredzo, uye kusimudzirwa kwoutano.

Mibato ne Purogiramu zveKitmap

• Dhistase Surveillance neRevotion: CDC inoshandisa Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), purogiramu yamakore maviri yakabatana ye “matikitivha eparation” ayo akaronga munyika yose kunzvera mavambo anotapukira kana kuti asingazivikanwi. Vakuru vakuru veEIS vave vachibatsira mukuvara chinhu chiri chose kubva kuEbola kusvikira kuH11N1.
• Health Education and Communication: Kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzakafanana ne “Tiyiso Kubva Kuvasaidziridzi” uye“ Mitima,” CDC inoshandura mashoko esayenzi akaoma kuve nhungamiro inoshanda nokuda kwavatarisiri vehurumende nevezvoutano. Iyi nhimbe dzinoshandisa terevhizheni, zvinobudisa mashoko, uye nzanga kuderedza mwero yokusvuta, kudzora dzvinyiriro yeropa, uye kusimudzira nhomba.
• Kunzvera kwechipfuramari: CDC ine imwe yemarabhoritari mashomanene eBiosety Degree 4 (BSL-4) muUnited States, kuchigonesa vanzveri kubata utachiona hune ngozi hwakadai sechibhokisi neEbola zvakakotsekana. Kukwanisa uku kutsoropodza nokuda kwokukuvamba kunzvera, mishonga, uye nhomba.
• Kushanda neHurumende nevomunzvimbomo: Mari yeCDC igadziriro yedhipatimendi routano kupfurikidza nebvumirano yebatira pamwe yePublic Health Emergency Esteming Exemingnes (PHEP) kuva nechokwadi chokuti masangano omunzvimbomo anotarisira vashandi, midziyo, uye rovedzo zvaidikanwa kuita kungwavaira dzomusikirwo, ugandanga, uye zvirwere.

Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, basa reCDC rakanga richioneka zvikuru. Rakatanga zviteshi zvokuedza, rakapa nhungamiro pamusoro pokuvanza nokurebesa, rainzvera utachiona kupfurikidza nokushandisa jaji, uye rakabatana navagadziri vemishonga yokuongorora chengeteko nebudiriro. Zvisinei, denda racho rakafumurawo zvinetso. Zvakadai sokudikanwa kwokugovera mashoko nokukurumidza zvikuru.

Kana uchida mamwe mashoko, vhura website yeCDC pa cdc.gov.

Zvokudya Nemirimo (FDA)

FDA, iriwo pasi peHHS, isangano rekaresa redziviriro yavose yemitengo muhurumende yehurumende. Chisakiso charo ndechokunatsiridza kuchengeteka, kushanda, uye chengeteko yemirimo yavanhu nemhuka, zvinhu zvezvinhu zvipenyu, zvishandiso zvemishonga, zvokudya zvenyika, zvizoro, uye zvigadzirwa zvinobudisa mwaranzi . Chiremera chaFDA chinobva muChiteshi cheDracracy neDrugs Act zva 1906, uye mitoro yacho yakura kwamakumi amakore kuti zvibatanidze kugadzirwa kwefodya, zvokudya, uye kutakura chikakana chamagetsi.

Mabasa Okutarisira uye Kutapura Utano Hwevanhu Vose

• Comment transvum ne Vaccine Revisence:[[FDA'] CFDA’s Center for Drug Evalusion and Research (CDER) inoyera mirimo mitsva negadziriro yemishonga kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakaoma unobatanidza fundo dzapamberi pemapurayitiri, kuedza kwechikamu, uye kunzvera kwapashure. Mutoo weEmergency Usergistering (EUA) unoshandiswa zvikuru mukati meCHOVAD-19, unobvumira kukurumidza kuvimbisa mipimo inowirirana yezvokurapa mukati menguva yapamberi yechadenga apo inoziviswa migariro yemigariro yenjodzi.
• Zvokudya neKuisa Mutezo neBhanki: FDA inotarisira inenge 80% yeU.S. mugove wezvokudya zvose kunze kwenyama, huku, uye zvigadzirwa zvemazai zvakagadzirwa (zvinowira pasi peUSDA). [FLT][FOT] SOUTHSEATY Modernization Act [FSMA] ], yakaitwa muna 2011, yakachinja sundo yokuita zvokushatisa kuti idzirirwe, inoda mapake, uye vadzori kuti idzivirire.
• Sitepi yeProject Regation: Kubva kuvagadziri vemaspeed kusvika kumabhokisi epamusha, FDA inoisa michina yeboka yakavakirwa pangozi uye inovimbisa kuti inosvitsa mipimo yekotsekano nokushanda. Kuputika kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yokuedza zvakananga (kwakadai senzvero dzekukurumidza) yakaisa simbiso itsva pakunyora napamipimo yokuita.
• Tobacco Product Regation: MuCentre for Tobacco Products (CTP), FDA inodzora kugadzirwa, kutengeswa, uye kuparadzirwa kwemidzanga, e-cigarette, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefodya. Nhano dzokudzivisa pwere dzakaita kuti ganhuriro dzakanaka uye zviito zvokuchengeta zvinowedzera zvisabvumirwa nomutemo zvishambadzirwa.

Basa reFDA riri kusvika munyika dzakawanda. Inobatira pamwe neyakarongwa muEuropean Union, Japan, uye dzimwe nharaunda kupfurikidza neInternational Council for Harmoniation (ICH) kuronga mipimo yokugadzira mirimo. Inonzverawo nzvimbo dzokugadzira dzokunze kuti ivake kuti zvinhu zvinotendwa nedzimwe nyika zvinosvitsa zvinodikanwa zveU.S. 20222 yakacherekedza kuti FDA yakanzvera zvivako zvokunze zvinopfuura 1 200 gore negore pamberi pedenda; nhamba iyoyo yakabatanidzazve zvishandiso zvitsva zvokunzvera.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pegadziriro yomutemo ye FDA pa fda.gov

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

NIH ndiyo mutengi mukuru wemari yezvipo yavose yenzvero yemishonga munyika. Kuvhota 27 zvivako nenzvimbo, NIH inotsigira ndokushandisa nzvero yokuti inoisa fandesheni nokuda kwokurapa kutsva, zvishandiso, uye unyanzvi hwokudzivirira. Nebhajeti regore negore rinopfuura mabhiriyoni 455 (sokugara gore 2024), NHIH inoraira mari yayo yakawanda kuvanzveri vezvokunze kwemayunivhesiti, zvikoro zvezvokurapa, uye mamwe masangano, nepo gadziriro yepurogiramu yesayenzi yezvokuramatongo inoita basa paBetdas, Mary, projectland.

Kutanga Kutsvakurudza Kunokosha Nemipiro

• projekiti yeHuman Genome: NIH yakaita basa guru mukuronga magene emunhu, apedzwa muna 2003. Iyi nhamburiko yapafande yakaparira chinjo mumishonga yavanhu, kuchigonesa vanzveri kuziva zvinoparira njodzi yemavara okugara nhaka semasero akadai semafibrosis, kenza yamazamu, uye Alzheimer’s.
• Zvose zveUs Research Program: yakatangwa muna 2018, iyi nhano ine donzo guru yokuunganidza mashoko outano (kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvemagetsi, mabhaisikopo, uye mhinduro dzenzvero) kubva kumiriyoni imwe kana kuti vanhu vakawanda muU.S., nesimbiso chaiyo pavagari vemo vanotaurwa munhau dzesayenzi yemionzo. [FLT:] [FLT] Ose UT
• RAPD Response to Emergic Infectious Diseases: NIH ikostation dzakadai seNational Institute of Allergy neI520P) yagadzira zviteshi zvenhomba (zvikurukuru, mRNA) yakanga yagadzirira kukwirira kuSARS-COV2 mumavhiki akati kuti poteko yokukura kwayo. NIAID inonzvera, kubatanidza HIV Vaccine Treance Network (HVTN), yakagadzirirwazverwa kuedza CHOVID-19 musipidhi.
• Nzvero yeTranisation: NYH Center yeNguquro yeSciences (NCATS) inoshanda kuvhara mukaha pakati pezviwanwa zverabhoritari nokushandiswa kwavanhu. Purogiramu yayo yeClinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) inotsigira mubatanidzwa wenyika yose weminamato yemibato inokurumidzira kukura kurapa nokuda kwezvirwere zvisingawanzowaniki uye zvinozivikanwa navanhu vose zvakafanana.

ZVINODZO zvemari kurovedza nokubudirira kwebasa zvinopawo kurera chizvarwa chinotevera chamasayendisiti. Hofisi yayo yeMutungamiriri inotarisira mapurogiramu anobata noruzivo rwezvoutano, kunzvera kwesero, uye kuvimbika kwesayenzi. Basa guru resangano racho mumhinduro yeCHOVAD-19(kubatanidza kubatira pamwe naModerna namakambani emiedzo yemapurisa (*) dhimonisteroi inotsigirwa nayo mukunzvera kukuru.

Edza nzvero inopfuurira pawebsite ye NIH: nih.gov.

Zveutano uye Urongwa Hwemasangano (HRSA)

Nepo CDC na NIH vachinangidzira ngwariro pakudzora hosha nokunzvera, HRSA chikumbiro cha kusimbisa utano nokuwana kuenzana kupfurikidza nokuwana mabasa akanaka, vashandi voutano vane unyanzvi, uye mapurogiramu matsva. HRSA’s shao recurecure renzanga, Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, Namai uye National Health Service Corps (NHC).

Purogiramu Huru Netapuro

• Nhevedzano yakakwaniriswa yeUtano hweMapareti eUniversity (FQHCS):[[FFLT:1] HRA] mari inopfuura 1 400 masangano outano anoshanda nzvimbo dzinotakura basa dzine 15 000 munyika iri yose nendima. Nzvivazhiro idzi dzinobatira varwere vanopfuura mamirioni 30 gore rimwe nerimwe, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yeinishuwarenzi kana kuti mano okubhadhara. Dzinodikanwa kupa mabasa adzo kubatanidza tarisiro huru, meno, utano hwendangariro, uye kemetari.
• .Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program: Kubvira muna 1990, chirongwa chaRyan White chakagovera tarisiro, mushonga, uye tsigiro kuvanhu vane HIV vane zviteshi zvakaganhurirwa. Inoshanda kuinopfuura hafu yemirioni gore rimwe nerimwe uye yabetsera kukuvandudza kunoshamisa mwero yokudzvinyirirwa kweutachiona (] inodokusvika 90% yavatengi vanovharwa noutachiona vanovharwa noutachiona, vakabatanidzwa nokuwana mishonga inorwisa utachiona.
• Maternal neChild Health (MCH) Dhangemhinare Grant: Iyi purogiramu inopa, inopiwa neHRSA’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau, inosvika nyika dzose, ndima, uye nzanga dzinopfuura 500 dzendudzi. Inotsigira zvirongwa zvetarisiro yapamberi pokusununguka, kuderera kwekufa kwavana, vana vane zvinodikanwa zvoutano chaizvo, uye utano hwevachiri kuyaruka (kubatanidza chirongwa cheTit V MCH Services, icho chave chiri chinhu chinokosha kuutano hwavose kubvira muna 1935.
• Development yebasa:[[FLT org] National Health Service Profession inoisa vanachiremba, vakoti, vanachiremba vemazino, uye vagoveri vendangariro munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa nokuda kwechikwereti kana kuti mari. HRSAwo mari inodzidzisa nzvimbo dzoutano dzinorovedza vagari vomunzanga, ichibetsera kupedza kuperevedza kwamabasa makuru.

HRSA basa rakakomba zvikuru mukati medenda sezvo nzvimbo dzezvoutano dzakava nzvimbo dzenhomba uye dzakagovera kunzvera nokurapa kuvagari vemo vari mungozi. Sangano racho rakaparadzirawo mabhiriyoni muMugoveri weNzvimbo dzeyamuro netsigiro yetereheath kuvimbisa kupfuurira kwetarisiro apo mushanyo dze-person dzakaganhurirwa. Nokuda kwetsananguro pamusoro pokuti HRSA inowanza kuwanikwa sei, ona [[FLT: 0].gov]

Kubatwa Zvisina Kufanira Uye Kutarisirwa Kwemazano Outano Hwepfungwa (SAMHSA)

SAMHSA, yakagadzwa muna 1992, inotungamirira nhamburiko dzehurumende ku dzinoderedza simba rokushandisa zvisina kufanira zvinodhaka nechirwere chendangariro panzanga dzeAmerica. Basa rayo rinotungamirirwa nenheyo yokuti utano hunokosha kuutano hwose. SAMHSA’S inofukidza kudzivirira, kurapa, uye tsigiro, uye rinoshandisa ruzhinji rwemitengo yehurumende nokuda kwokushandiswa kwechinhu namashandiro outano hwendangariro.

Kutanga Kuita Zvinhu Nezvinobva Mubasa

• 988 Kuzviuraya & Crisis Lifeline: Muna July 2022, SAMHSA yakatanga bumbiro rokuridza rinorira ra 988 nokuda kwemigariro yendangariro, kurongeka kusvikira ku 911 nokuda kwemigariro yekurumidziro yokurapa. Mumugwagwa weMofeline zvino unodana, magwaro, uye kurukurirano kunzvimbo dzinopfuura 200 dzenjodzi munyika yose, kuchigovera tsigiro yapakarepo nokuda kwavanhu vanoshandisa njodzi, kana kuti zvimwe nhamo dzoutano hwendangariro. Mugore rawo rokutanga, 988 akagamuchira kurukurirano dzinodokusvika mamirioni 5.
• Mari dzinoiswa nokuda kweUnited States: The Community Mental Servicess Mental Health Deck Grant (MHBG) neSubstance Abuse Abuse Prevention and Treatment Comment Grant (SABG) zvinogovera hurumende nemari inochinjika kuti ive nemibato yakavakirwa panzanga. Iyi mvumo inokosha nokuda kwokutsigira gadziriro dzinorapa vhiringidziko yeo yemagariro, migariro inovapo, uye utano hwendangariro hwapakuvamba.
• Nhimbe dzokutsiva: SAMSA inosimbisa “Nhavi. Vanokunzwa.” Nhimbe inonangidzirwa kuvabereki navatarisiri kukurudzira kurukurirano navana pamusoro pezvinodhaka nemimwe mirimo. Inotsigirawo kutumira mashoko kwavose panzvimbo inodzivisa kunyanyoshandiswa kwemishonga, kusimudzira kuziva kweanoxene uye kurasika kwemishonga.
• Miitiro yeIndaneti-Bhuku: Kupfurikidza neNational Recrimistry of Evidence Programs nePractices (kunyange zvino yakatsiviwa nedzimwe dzimba dzokuchenesa), SAMHSA inopfuurira kuparadzira nokutsigira kushandiswa kwekupindira kwakabvumikiswa kuva kunoshanda nokuda kwemigariro yakadai seopioid discial, depression, uye njodzi. Sangowo rovedzo yemari nenzvimbo dzemirayiridzo yemibato yokubetsera kubetsera kutevera miitiro iyi.

Kuoneka kunowedzera kwenjodzi yendangariro — zvikurukuru pakati pavechiduku(vachiri kuyaruka) kwakasimbisa ukoshi hweSAMHSA. Basa rayo mukubatanidza kushandiswa kwemishonga namabasa outano hwendangariro netarisiro huru, uye simbiso yaro patarisiro yenhamo, zviri kugadziridza kuti gadziriro yose youtano youtano youtano youtano hwomuviri. Shanyira massamsa.gov nokuda kwezviwanikwa uye mashoko.

Kubatana Nokubatana

Masangano outano avanhu vose haashandi ari oga. Zvirongwa zvekushanda kwetsinhirano, zvakadai seHHHS Public Health Emergency (PHE) Dare reNational Biodense Science Board, uye Hofisi yeMushandiri woMunyori nokuda kwokugadzirira uye Revolution (ASPR), zvinovimbisa kuti CDC, FRAN, NIH, HSA, uye SAH iwiriranisa nhamburiko dzavo mukati memibato yose iri yose nemiitiro. Somuenzaniso, [[FLT: 0] Operation Warp hy [ NOR] NORB [20] [20]20] inovarambira kurapwa chiremera, kunzvera kweNHAUP, naNHI inobvumira mira miraurongwa kurapa.

Mumwe muenzaniso wakatanhamara ndiwo Public Health Emergency Declaration. Apo njodzi kana kuti tyisidziro yehosha inomuka, Munyori weHHHS anogona kuzivisa njodzi youtano hwavanhu vose, kuvhura zviremera zvakadai seFDA kukwanisa kubudisa EUS, CDC kushanda kweState National Stockpile, uye kubudiswa kwemari kubva kuProcture Health and Social Emency Center Fund. Iyi mitoo yeHHS inogona kuedzwa gore negore kupfurikidza nokurovedza muviri uye kuita chinhu chaichoicho, zvakadai se20141016 Ebola uye 202202202.202.202

mhedziso

Masangano eFederal anoumba mavambo edziviriro youtano hwavose hwerudzi. CDC inopa meso nenzeve kuti zviwanwe zvirwere; FDA inovimbisa kuchengeteka kwezvigadzirwa zvemishonga nezvokudya; NIH inoita kuti injini iwanike inoita kuti pave nefambiro mberi yezvokurapa; HRSA inopa ngwariro kuna avo vangadai vasingaoni; uye SA taleudzo yezvinetso zvinonyanya kuonekwa zvoutano hwepfungwa nokupindwa muropa nehosha. Pamwe chete, inoita kuzvipira kwomubatanidzwa kwehurumende kudzivirira vaAmerica vose, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo inotambirwa, mari, kana kuti iko. Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzi navadzidzi, vanonzwisisa aya masangano anopa chiwirira chinoshanda chinooneka kupfurikidza nokurangarira utano hwakapararira, kutungamirira, nokungwarira nokubatana. Kunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana - siyana ezvirongwa izvi, tinogona kusimbisa utano uye kutsigira zvakanaka nokuda kwezvirongwa munguva yemberi.