Mhindumupindu Yechinetso Chedzimba cheJapan

Nzvimbo dzedzimba dzeJapan dziri mumugariro wekusadzikama kukuru kwomugariro. Kune rumwe rutivi, magodhi omumaguta akarongedzwa zvikuru akadai semawadhi 23 anokosha anokwira zvikuru evhu uye perevedzo yenguva dzose yemitengo isingabhadhari. Kune rumwe, mapuratifomu makuru omumaruwa akadai seShima neWakayama ari kurwisana namazana ezviuru [misha] (misha isingadzorwi) inoderera nokukurumidza kupfuura yaunogona kugadziriswa kana kuparadzwa. Uku kubatana kwaparera kwave makumi amakore mukuita, kunowedzera nokupera kwehondo, kushaidzwa kwemari yemari yokupedzisira yokupedzisira yokwanyina. Matura edzimba anotapura anotapura kupfupika kana kuti kushatakwa kwomugariro wemari bedzi.

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika muJapan imotokari huru umo pfungwa dzemitemo dzinova mutemo. Zvikuva zvavo, kurukurirano dzemibatanidzwa, uye marekodhi emitemo zvinoumba zvakananga kuwanika, mutengo, uye kunaka kwedzimba. Bva kwenguva zhinji yapashure pezvigaro, dzimba dzakabatwa senhau yebhizimisi panzvimbo pechinzvimbo chokutanga. Chimiro chendangariro ichocho chakavamba kusundwa, chakasundwa nokukwira nokusava nedzimba, chinetso chakatanhamara [[FLT: 0] chomusha usina chinhu, uye kukura kwezvizvarwa zviduku zvisingagoni kutanga mhuri. Kunzwisisa kuti mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan akaita sei.

Mitemo Yakakomba Yechinetso Chedzimba

Kuwandisa Kwavanhu Mumaguta Nokupfura Vaenzi

Vagari vemo veTokyo vakapfuurira kukura sezvo hwerengedzo yenyika inoderera. Makirabhu 23 edzimbahwe akawedzera vanenge 130 000 vanotama munhambo ye 2015-2020 yoga. Uku kwakatsigirwa mumatunhu anonyandura makwikwi anotyisa nokuda kwemapoka erendi. Dzimba dzokurenda dziri pakati peTokyo dzagara dzichirayira kurenda kwema360 kana kuti kupfuura, nepo avhareji yerendi kusvika kumari yomuguta yakwira kupfuura 30% nokuda kwevawani vazhinji vanowana mari. Dzimba dzinowana mari dzinotyisa, kubatanidza vagari vemo vasiri vapamusha, kazhinji kazhinji kacho vanozviwana vamene vachibuda mumitengi yemiga yoga yoga yoga yoga yoga yoga. Muuyo weavhareji ikuva wenhando yeurombo [[FLD] [FFFLAT] mudzimba dzehurumende yavanhu vagara nhaka.

Kumaruwa Kutsakatika Kwevagari Vemo Nedambudziko reAkiya

Panosvika 2023, Japan ine misha yakasaririra mamirioni 9 isina vanhu vanoshandwa panzvimbo dzose. Nzvimbo dzedzimba dzepasi pehondo dzinovakwa nehondo dzinovakwa nenzvimbo dzehondo. Dzakawanda zvikuru dzinotamira kumaguta, misha yose inorasikirwa nemisha yayo yenyukireya, zvikoro zviri pedyo, uye misha yedzimba inovakwa nedzimba. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo hadzina mari yokuparadza zvivako zvisina njodzi, nepo varidzi vemo vasingagoni kubhadhara mitero yepfuma pazvinhu zvisingashaikwikwi. Ngozi 14% yedzimba dzepashure pehondo dzinovakwa rehondo dzinogara dzichivakwa nenzvimbo dzenyukireya asi zvinovanda pasina chinhu.

Musika Wedzimba Usina Kubudirira uye Wokukwegura

Mitero yeJapan inogara nguva pfupi. Muuyo wakaenzana weJapan unoparadzwa pashure pamakore 30 ne40, uchienzaniswa na 70-100 makore muEurope kana kuti United States. Iyi “parafu napakuvaka” inokurudzirwa nemitemo yemitero inotsamira panhambo nenhambo neindasitiri yokuvaka iyo mhindu dzinobva muzvivako zvitsva. Muuyo mubatanidzwa mukuru wemisha yakura inodzivisika, ine ngozi zvikuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa.

Kushaya Dzimba uye Kugara Pamberi Kwedzimba

Chiverengero chavagari vemo cheJapan chisina misha yanooneka chaderera chifo chapamavambo ama 2000, nemhaka yokumwe kudzikamiswa kukuru pamusoro pokurara mumugwagwa nokukura kwedzimba dzechinguvana. Chinovanza chisina musha (vanhu vakarara mumapareji) epanternet, manga tsveta, kana kuti pasofa dzeshamwari dzinoramba dzakapararira. Kunzvera kwerudzi kunofungidzirwa kuti mhuri dzeJapan dzine mamiriyoni 1,22 dziri mu “urombo huzhinji,” kureva kuti vanopedza mari yavo inopfuura hafu parendi kana kuti vanorarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akashata akakomba. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika achangovamba bedzi kuumba ikoku senhau yegadziriro yetsika panzvimbo panzvimbo pechinhu chimwe chete.

Nzvimbo Dzebato Rezvamatongerwe Enyika Padzimba

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Musika-Driven,

LDP inotonga ine mhinduro dzinoda munhau dzemisika uye kupindira kwapaburuku kwapaburi redzimba. Mitemo yayo yeSaint Abenomics yakabatanidza mhesano nemwero yemhindu yakaderera [ yakaita kuti zuwa rembavhara dzive dzakaderera, dzinopfuudzira ruvako urwo rwakabetsera zvikuru misha yave inoshandira muridzi mumaguta. LDP yakatsigirawo kubviswa kwemitemo yemitengo inodzorwa kubvumira kukura kwemitengo yakakwirira mumimwe misha yeTokyo, kunyange zvazvo chishoro chomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chichideredza idzi nhamburiko. Nguva pfupi ichangobva kupfuura, “yakabetsera zvikuru Sayenzi yeSayenzi yeSauth Net , 2016) inokwenyudza vanhu nokuda kwokuwana mari yakawanda. asi inoto huru zvikuru, asi inopfuutsa purogiramu yemiteveri yemite yemite yezvo yezvokutengesa.

Constitution Democraticism Party yeJapan (CDP): Kupindira uye Kugarisana Nevanhu

CDP inonaya maframeti makuru okugara sekodzero yenzanga. Purogiramu yayo inoda mitemo yakakomba , kuchinja kwapadzimba dzavose kunotengeswa, kwakakudziridzwa migove nokuda kwavatengi vedzimba dzenguva yokutanga, uye gadziriro yenyika yokuvandudza misha isina chinhu. CDP inosimudzirawo “kodzero yokugara” pamutemo mubumbiro remitemo reJapan, kunyange zvazvo chinjo yakadaro yaizoda kuva noumhizha hukuru. Nepo boka rine bvi duku rokuita izvi zvikarakadzo munhambo iri pedyo, zvibvumikiso zvaro zvaro zvakachinja Window riri pamusoro penyika: CDP zvino inonzwa ichigombedzerwa kuratidzira pamagariro mashoma.

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan (JCP) uye Mamwe Mapati Maduku

JCP ine muitiro wedzimba wakajeka zvikurusa pakati pamapati maduku, ichiraira kuvakwa kwedzimba dzavose kwakaenzana, makepisi okurenda akaoma, uye kuiswa kwenyika. Mudzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo umo JCP inodzora. Zvakadai somumwe madhipatimendi eTokyo (ichibudirira mukuwedzera shendero yemanisiparamendi. Democratic Party ya People (DPPPP) naReiwa Shinsengumi sundoro pami yetsaudzo inotanhanhanhanha kusimudzirwa kwemari nedzimba, nepo Japan yechemist Connovation Partion (JIP) inotsigira kukwenyurwa kwemitero yemitero nokuda kwavagadziri vehurumende. Uku kuparadzanisa kunoreva kuti hapana kusvika kune ruzhinji, kunotungamirira kukwenyika munyika yose.

Zviito Zvemitemo Nokuchinja Kunoita Mari Muhurumende Dzinobudirira

Mutemo Wakadaro Wokuchengetedza Dzimba (2018)

Wakanyorwa pasi pekabhineti yechipiri, uyu mutemo wakada kuti vatongi vose namaguta akagadzwa vaumbe “gadziriro yekoshero inodzivirira.” Yakagadzira boka idzva re pachena rakakwanisa kubhadharira dzimba dzedzimba dzinowanika zvishoma[, nerendi dzakarongwa panenge 60% yemitengo yemisika. Zvisinei, kuvaka kwave kusina kufanira: matura akawanda anoshaiwa simba remari rokuwana kana kuvaka mayuniyumu matsva, uye avo vanowanzoawana munzvimbo dzinosvikika zvikuru. Kuhwirudzura 2022 yakawana kuti dzimba dzinenge 40 000 bedzi dzakanga dzaiswa pasi pomutemo, pasi pezvinodikanwa zvinofungidzirwa kuva 500 000.

Akiya Revitation Act (208)

Uyu mutemo wakapa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo simba rokuunganidza mitero mikuru yezvinhu pamisha isina maturo yairegeredzwa uye kuzviratidzira se “nengozi zvikuru” nokuda kwokuputswa. Wakabvumirawo kushandiswa kweakiya sedzimba dzavose. Nepo chiito chacho chakasimudzirwa kuva kuziva, simba rayo rave riri rakaderera: makambani anozengurira kuisa faindi inorema kuvari vezvikwereti, uye muitiro wapamutemo wokubvisa upfumi unoramba uchinonoka. Vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakatanga “mabhangi eAkiya” kuti vaenzana misha isina chinhu navatengi vanokarirwa, asi aya mapurogiramu anotambura nokutora rutivi kwakaderera nokushaiwa puro inogadziridzwa.

Kuchinja Kunoita Zvinhu Mumaguta Kunoitika 20211

Avavarirwa kunyandura kukurazve pakati peTokyo, mutemo uyu wakadzikisa zviverengero zveuriri hwezvikamu zviduku uye wakaderedza nguva dzetendero nokuda kwemabasa makuru. Nharidzano yakataurwa yakanga iri yokuwedzera mugove wedzimba pedyo nezviteshi zvezvitima, asi vatsoropodzi vanoiramba zvikurukuru ichibetsera vagadziri vecondominium vakakwirira. Mutemo wacho hauna kugona kubhadhara mari; kutaura idi, kudirana kwamayunipo oumbozha kwave kuchiperekedzwa nemitero yenyika inokwidza kuregeredza mafurati ekare, anodhura.

Kuronga Mutaundi Nezvirongwa: Basa Rapachivande Remisikanzwa

Kushandisa Kuruka Nenyika

Gadziriro yenyika yeJapan inokamura nyika kuva mapoka 12, kubva kunzvimbo dzinogarwa dzoga kusvikira kumaindasitiri. LDP yakatsigira kuzorora kwezvimwe kubvumira kugadzirwa kwechinhu kwakavhengana, nepo CDP ne JCP ichida kudzorwa kuti zvidzivirire nharaunda dziripo. Pamarasha, zvisarudzo zvizhinji zvine revo zvinoitwa pamwero wekambani, zvichitungamirira ku [[FLT: 0] yakatsiviwa uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inopesana inoshandiswa nehurumende yepasi. Somuenzaniso, mamwe mareji eTokyo ave achikwidza zvikuru mikoto yezvokutengeserana kuti agare shongwe refu, nepo zvipatarati zvenzvimbo dzakavakidzani dzinodzivisa chinjo ipi neipi.

Chinoitika chakatanhamariswa (TOD)

Japan yakakurumbira nokuda kwamakambani ayo akavanzika enjanji achitanga dzimba munzira dzawo. Zvisinei, pashure pehondo TOD yakananga pamisha yemhuri imwe inobhadharwa mumusha, kwete nzvimbo dzokurenda dzinodhura. Nhasi, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kutanga kudzosazve kumira nokuderedza kutsamira kwemotokari. “Compact City” yehurumende inokurudzira vagari vemo kuti vasare munzvimbo dzinotambira, asi haina zvipfuro zvinobatanidza. Komeito ave ari chirevereri chikurusa chemijee yekubatanidza imba kuti ipinde, nepo LDP inorangarira kuti ive chishandiso chokubudirira mune zvemari.

Zvinetso Zvematongerwe Enyika Nezvinetso Zvematongerwe Enyika

Kuganhurirwa Kwemipimo uye Kuvhura Kwemhepo

Chikwereti chorudzi cheJapan chinopfuura 250% yeGDP, chichiganhurira zvakakomba kamuri nokuda kwokushandisa kutsva padzimba dzavose. Gadziriro inodzora yave iri yokudzivisa ndyiko huru dzakananga, panzvimbo pezvo kushandisa kurudziro dzemitero nedzokudzorwa. Zvirongwa zvechitsoropodzo zvikuru zvemakwikwi anoshuva zvikuru. Zvakadai sokuvaka mapato anorenda vanhu 500 000 evoruzhinji, kungada zvimwe kuwedzera kwemitero, zvose zviri zviviri zvine chepfudzi mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Vakweguru vanorevawo kuti purogiramu yedzimba inofanira kukwikwidzana nokuda kwezvipfuwo nemari yependi uye youtano mubhajeri rinogara riripo.

KUDA Kuziva Kuti Kune Munhu Wokwaunogara

Zvirongwa zvedzimba itsva dzavose, nzvimbo dzokugara dzisina misha, uye kunyange nzvimbo dzokurenda dzapachivande dzedzimba dzinowanwa dzakaderera zvinotarisana nechishoro chinotyisa chomunzvimbomo mhiri kwamaJapan. Shoko rokuti hinoto [1] (stigma) rinowana murangariro womunzanga wokuti nzvimbo dzakadaro dzinokwezva utsotsi kana kuti dzinoderedza mipimo yezvinhu. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anozengurira kukurira tsigiro yemaminisitasiparati musarudzo. Somuuyo, dzimba itsva dzinobudirira kazhinji kazhinji dzinovakwa munharaunda dziri kure kana kuti dzeindasitiri, dzinosimudzira rupanduko nokuganhurira kuwanika kwemabasa namabasa.

Kuronga kwenguva refu

Njodzi dzedzimba dzinoda makumi amakore enhamburiko inopfuurira, asi mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan anoshanda panhambo dzezvirongwa zvokusarudza zvamakore mana. LDP, musimba inodokuva nguva dzose chifo cha 1955, ine betsero yokupfuurira, bva haina kuwanzoisa nzvimbo dzokugara senhau yakakurumbira. Mapati anoshora anogona kuvimbisa chinjo huru panhimbe, asi pakurasikirwa nehofisi inorasikirwa namano okushandisa. Muuyo wacho itsika inowirirana, muitiro wetsinhirano apo njodzi dzinokurukurwa mufashoni yechinhu panzvimbo pokushandisa gadziriro huru yedzimba dzenyika.

Mikana Yokushandira Pamwe Nokuchinja

Kushandiswa Kwedzimba Zvomunyika Yose

Muna 2023, boka renhengo dzeDiet dzinoiswa muboka rakatarisana nepakati pazvose (kubatanidza mitezo inobva kuLDP, CDP, uye Komeito() yakabudisa mushumo unoraira nokuda kwe “zviono zvinoparirwa" zvinoda kudziviswa nokuda kwemari, kuderedza mutengo, uye simba. Nepo pasina mutemo wakabuda, mushumo wacho unoratidza kuti njodzi yedzimba zvino yava chinhu chikuru munyika yose. Kana bvumirano yakafara ichigona kuitwa, Japan inogona kuratidzira nyika dzakafanana neFinland, umo chibvumirano che “muenzanisiro wokutanga wakaderera zvikuru kusava nechinhu.

Vakwanyina Vakavanzika Nezvigadziko

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kutarira zvikuru kurutivi rwavanhu nokuda kwezvigadzikiso. LDP yakatsigira zvirongwa zve “guta rinotsiva magetsi" izvo zvinobatanidza mirangariro, kufambidzana, uye kuronga madata nedhaimendi, kunyange zvazvo vatsoropodzi vachinetseka nezveidzi nhano dzenyasha dzinobatanidzwa zvakanaka. CDP yakakarakadza“ bhangi rokuvandudza chigadziko” ravanhu iro ringatsigira kushandurwa kweaiya mudzimba dzenzanga. Zviitwe zviripo: Kubatana kweKangawa PrefectalFrectal Regal Regalmment yehurumende yenzanga kuti itendere mishato isingatengeki yemhuri duku yakataurwa semuenzanisiro. Matongerwe enyika anogona kutsigira kuedza kwakadaro.

Kuchinja Zvidzidzo Zvedzimwe Nyika

Vatevedzeri vezvamatongerwe enyika veJapan vanowanzotarira kunze nokuda kwefuridziro. LDP yeguta inowana mienzaniso inobva Singapore neHong Kong, nepo CDP ichidudza chikamu chakasimba chedzimba dzavose cheAustria. Muna 2022, nhume dzavaiti veCDP dzakashanyira Vienna kuzofunda [“ dzimba dzenzanga”, apo 60% yavagari vemo vanogara pachena kana kuti vanoshandiswa pamwe chete. Kunyange zvazvo kuisirwa kwemibatanidzwa kwemitemo isingabviri, idzi kurukurirano dzinogona kuzivisa gadziridzo dzomupitika. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa ye “Flutation ."[FLT]] .[FLTLD:1] [25], apo 60% yavagari vemo vanorarama vanorarama mumitengori pakati peCDPme neKome.

Mugumo: Kubva Munjodzi Kuenda Kukuva Mudumbu

Dambudziko redzimba reJapan harisi remasikirwo (nziyo dzomuzvarirwo) ichibereko chezvisarudzo zvetsika, zvizhinji zvazvo zvakaitwa kana kuti kupesvedzerwa namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Mutoo weLDP wekodzero yebhizimisi weSangano wekutengesa wakakundikana kugadzira dzimba dzinobvira pamwero unodikanwa, nepo zvikarakadzo zvechishoro zvikuru zvokupindira zvinoramba zvichikundikana. Bva ukombi hwenjodzi yacho huri kuparira misha mitsva yokubatira pamwe. Dzimba, shangu dzechikwepa, uye inzwi rinokura rezvamatongerwe enyika ravaduku vari kumanikidzira mapoka ose kukurukura dzimba senhau huru yava 2020.

Chigadzikiso chine revo chichada masangano anobva muzvikamu zvizhinji: simba reLDP rokubvisa nokuwedzera kwezvemari, kuisa ngwariro panzvimbo ino inofambidzana, Komeito simbiso yetsika patsika dzinotsigirwa nenzanga, uye kuedza kwokutanga kwomunzvimbomo kwakatsigirwa nemapoka maduku. Hapana boka rimwe rine simba pauchenjeri [ munzvimbo ino. Chinodikanwa ibvumirano chemuchinjikwa wedzimba kuti imba haisi chinhuwo asi hwarowo hwekutsigiro yezvitsigino munzanga, kubudirira kwezvemari, uye kuvandudza. Kana boka rezvamatongerwe enyika reJapan richigona kudenha izvozvo, rine michina yesangano, uye maturuko anoshandisa mitoo inochinja mamiriro ezvinhu kuti ivezve inzvimbo inopfumba.

[[FLT: 0] Manyuko: Uminisita hweJapan, Indraclaire, Rwendo neTourism, [[FT:1] MLIT House Bureaument; OECD “Prigime muJapan”; Japan Times,“ Misha yeVacant muJapan inosvika 9 Million” (2023); Tokyo Metropolitan Governmentant Government Aclation Platform 2023; Kometo Homegatority (2022).[FT]