Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Mumhinduro yeJapan Kungwavaira Dzomusikirwo

Japan iri pakati penyika dzinowirwa nenjodzi zvikurusa paNyika, dzakatarisana nedenderedzwa risingachinji rekudengenyeka kwapasi, tsunami, madutu, kuputika kwemakomo, uye kukoromoka. Kukwanisa kwenyika kuita chiito nenzira inobudirira kuiyi migariro yakakomba haisati iri nhauwo zvayo yeinjiniya nemitemo yengozi nemigariro yengozi (idzoro inoumbwa zvikuru nemapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika paJapan. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anopesvedzera mativi ose evatarisiri vengwavaira: kubva kumutemo uye kuronga kugovera utungamiriri mukati menjodzi nokuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika zvinotevera. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano anobatira sei mutungamiriri wenyika yose mumugariro unochinjika, kunyange sezvo zvinetso zvitsva zvinobuda mukuchinja kwemigariro yenjodzi.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwebasa Rokutarisira Ngwavaira reJapan

Gadziriro yengwavaira yazvino uno yeJapan yakaitwa mumiuyo yengwavaira. Kudengenyeka kwapasi kukuru kwa1923 Kantō kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura 100 000 ndokunyandura mitemo yokutanga yengwavaira. Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, mubatanidzwa weU.S.-Japan wakaunza mifungo mitsva yedziviriro yavagari vemo, asi nguva chaiyoiyo yakauya neGreat Hanshin Syngue (Kobe), iyo yakafumura utera hwakakomba mukutsinhiranisa hurumende dzenyika nomunzvimbomo. Njodzi iyoyo yakanyandura kuumbwa kwengwavaira yeProfitimes Concections Sictic Act, gadziriro yapamutemo yakakwana inobatanidza mibato yose yehurumende.

Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika akanga ari pakati peidzi chinjo. Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), iyo yakadzora Japan kweyakawanda zvikurusa yenhambo yapashure pehondo, yakatsigira kukura kwechiremera chehurumende chapakati mumhinduro yengwavaira. Munguvayo, mapoka anoshora akasundira nokuda kwesimba guru romunzvimbomo nemubhadharo worupo zvikuru nokuda kwavanyajambwa. Uku kuoma kwendangariro () pakati petsingano yetsika nedzomunzvimbomo kunopfuurira kurondedzera kurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pomuitiro wengwavaira nhasi.

Mapati Makuru Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nemabasa Awo

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

LDP yave iri simba guru mune zvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan chifo cha 1955. Muvatarisiri vengwavaira, LDP inodzora kabhini, iyo inotungamirira mhinduro yorudzi kupfurikidza neHofisi yePunter Office Management Bureau. Ganhuriro yedare, PRAC (Prolity Affialition Research Council), mitemo pamusoro pechinhu chiri chose kubva kukuvaka mabumbiro emitemo kusvikira kumirando yetsunami. Hurumende dzeLDP-add dzakawedzera nenzira inodzorwa bhajeko remari rekudzivirira ngwavaira nerehutsata, iro zvino rino hwerengedzo ino pa [[FLT:] mamirioni ane mabhiriyoni gore negore, kubatanidza matura chaiwo eyamuro yeyamuro yeyamuro yeyamuro yekurumidziro.

Kutora nguva refu kweLDP kunorevawo kuti mitemo yakawanda yengwavaira yeJapan ine simba rayo. Mubato wacho wakaisa gadziriro dzezvirongwa zvezviwiriranwa zvikuru zvenzvimbo dzepfuma nejecha rejecha nejecha rerorojeni(maseawal, kuchinjwa kwenzanga, uye nzvimbo dzokuchengetera mvura dzapasi pevhu) kazhinji kazhinji ichitaura kuti mabasa oruzhinji anokurudzira upfumi achigovera dziviriro. Iyi nzira yakashorwa namamwe mapoka anoshora seanopambadza neanokuvadza mhoteredzo, asi inoramba yakadzika midzi mutsika.

Komeito

Komeito, mukwanyina muduku weLDP kubvira muna 1999, anounza ngwariro yakasiana pagarikano yenzvimbo yenzanga. Yakabva kusangano rechiBuddha (Soka Gakkai), Komeito nguva dzose akatsigira tsigiro yakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwavagari vemo vasina dziviriro mukati mengwavaira — kubatanidza vakwegura, vakaremara, uye vagari vemo vasiri vaJapan. Varwi vacho vakashandiswa mukudzorera Relief Act kuti vabvumire nzvimbo dzokuvandira dzokurapa nokuvanda zviri nani nokuda kwavatamiswi.

Constitution Democraticment Party yeJapan (CDP)

CDP, boka rinoshora guru, rinowanzoshanda seboka rinoongorora mari inopedzwa pakudengenyeka kwenyika netsunami muna 2011 Tōhoku, CDP (rimwe divi reDEmocratic Party yeJapan) rakapomera LDP kuti raita chisarudzo chenguva pfupi mumaawa okutanga enjodzi. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, CDP yakaronga kuchinja kukurukurirana pakati peMauto eUSF - Defense, mapurisa omunharaunda, uye madhipatime emoto. Boka racho rinosimbisawo kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro okunze senhau dzenjodzi, richibatanidza kukura kwemadutututunhu uye kupisa kudiwa kwokumhanya kwedemba.

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan (JCP)

JCP, nepo iri duku, ine pesvedzero yakapararira pamwero womunzvimbomo. Vabati vanodzora mameya anoverengeka nehurumende dzinotonga, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaguta. Nhimbe dzekupinzwa kwamabhizimisi avose zvikuru mudzimba dzenzanga dzinodzorwa nenjodzi uye kupesana nokuiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira, vachiramba kuti makambani ezvemhindu angaregeredza kuchengetwa kwezvivako zvinovanzika. Mukati memigariro yengozi, vakuru vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo veJCP-flaf vanowanzoshandisa nzvimbo dzokuyamura dzinobatira semienzaniso yebudiriro, dzinowana rumbidzo mumitsetse yebato.

Kuumba Kunoita Misangano Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Muitiro Wengwavaira

Kuronga Mutemo Nokuronga Rongedzero Yebhangi

Zvikwereti zvine chokuita nengwavaira zvinopiwa zvikurukuru neKhabhineti, kureva kuti mapoka anotonga (LDP naKomeito) ane simba rakasimba zvikuru mukuzviumba. Zvisinei, mapoka anoshora anogona kudzorera mabhiri mukati mekuronga kwaDiet. Muenzaniso mukuru idzokororwa ya 2013 yeBacle Act on Disaster Control, iyo yaida kuti vaparidzi vave nenzvimbo dzinokuvadza uye zvirongwa zvokubvisa. CDP nenzira inobudirira yakawedzera kubatanidzwa kweshanduro dzemitauro netsigiro yemitauro yavagari vemo veJapan, chinjo yakabvumikisa kuva yakakomba mukati ma2020 Kumato mafashamo apo vashanyi vazhinji vaifanira kubviswa.

Kugoverwa kwemabhangi kunotova kunotowedzera. Kubatana kwapamhene kweLDP neindasitiri yokuvaka kunowanzotungamirira kumari yakawanda nokuda kwamasayward, madhamu, uye migero yerwizi. Masangano etsoropodzi namatangi anozvimirira akapanikira abvunzazve reshiyo dzemari inotengwa yeizvi zvirongwa. Somuenzaniso, pashure pemvura huru ya2018 yakaparira kufashamira kwakapararira muJapan, CDP yakamanikidzira nokuda kwemari yakawanda mu [FLT: 0] Nhamba inova nezvinopanwa zvakavakirwa pamabasa [, zvakadai sokudzorera mahowa nepfumba, izvo zvinogona kuva mutengo zvikuru kupfuura mhingani dzakako. DAP, zvisinei, yakachengeta zvikurukuru mutoo wokutanga, kuidzika kwayo yakaita mabasa uye kuva nechokwadi.

Kubatana Munguva Dzemamiriro Ezvinhu Anoda Kuitwa

Apo ngwavaira inorovanya, mhinduro yeJapan inotevera gadziriro ine nhurikidzwa. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anonyandura Chidziro Choudiation Center uye angazivisa mugariro wekurumidziro. Vatungamiriri veboka vanotonga vanogadza vakuru vakuru vakuru vedare kuti vatarisire nzvimbo chaidzoidzo (somuenzaniso, Minister of Land, Infracture, Transportator and Tourism angatarisira kubviswa kwetsvina, nepo Saimba youtano, Labour and Welfare inobata zvikwata zvokurapa nenzvimbo.

Mapoka echishoro anowanzopinzwa mudanho kupfurikidza ne Avose-Pateni Yokushanda paPhindu yeNhaka[[FT:1]], iyo inosangana zuva nezuva mukati menjodzi. Iri boka rinobatanidza vamiriri vanobva kumativi makuru uye rinobvumira nokuda kwezvikarakadzo zvenguva chaiyoiyo. Nepo mativi anotonga achichengeta zvisarudzo zvokupedzisira, kudikanwa kwokuvakwa kwebvumirano kunoreva kuti mubatanidzwa wekupesana unogona kuumba nguva yokubuda kana kuti kuiswa kwemigove yeyamuro. Mu 2023 Noto Peninsula, boka rinoshanda rinosundira nokuda kwemibatanidzwa wemibatanidzwa yemvura yemisha inopfuudzwa kumisha iri kure, kunoendesa kunzvimbo dzokuredza dzemvura dzokuredza, kutomba pakutanga kuidzika rondedzero.

Kurukurirano Yavose Nechivimbo

Vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika ndivo vanotarisana nenjodzi. Mitezo yedare inotonga, zvikurukuru Gurukota Guru reJapan, inooneka pamisangano yepepanhau kuti izivise kushandira pamwe kununura uye kutsigira kwemari. Kutumira mashoko eganda rakadzika kunogona kuderedza chivimbo chavanhu, asi kukurukurirana kunobudirira kunogona kuita kuti vanhu varambe vanovimba. Somuenzaniso, panguva yakaitika njodzi ya2011 Tōhoku, Mutungamiriri wePuertial Naoto (panguva iyoyo weDemocratic Party yeJapan) akashorwa nokuda kwemashoko anopesana pamusoro pefekitari yenyukireya yeFukushima. Mukupesana, Mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru weva weDLD, akarumbidzwa nokuda kwekuva kwake akateramakwidzo mukati mafashamo 2018, kunyange zvazvo hurumende yake yakazopa mhaka yokuendesa kuyamura kunononoka mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mapoka anoshora anoshandisawo ngwavaira kuvaka zvikamu zvavo zvamatongerwe enyika. Pashure pe 2024 Typhoon Namadol, CDP yakabudisa mushumo unotsoropodza LDP nokuda kwokukundikana kuraira vagari vakwegura kubuda pakuvamba. Mushumo wacho wakaparira kufukidzwa kwenhau ndokumanikidzira hurumende kupa nhungamiro itsva nokuda kwemisha youchemi. Zviito zvakadaro zvinoyeuchidza vagari vemo kuti kutarisirwa kwengwavaira hakusati kunongova basa rehondo, asi nzvimbo yehondo umo kuzvidavirira kunodikanwa.

Matambudziko Nekusagadzikana Kwematongerwe Enyika

Vatsigiri Vanoshandisa Mari uye Vanonetsa

Chikwereti chenyika yeJapan chinopfuura 260% yeGDP, kuchikuita kwakaoma kururamisa shandiso huru yemari kunowedzera nokuda kwokudzivirira ngwavaira, pasinei zvapo nokuti kuri madikanwa sei. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anosiana panzvimbo apo kucheka kunofanira kuwa. LDP inowanzodzivirira nhepfenyuro apo inenge ichiedza purogiramu dzenzanga. CDP inokarakadza kudzosa mari kubva kumabasa avose akaderera kunzvimbo dzinochengeterwa njodzi. JCP inoraira chisungo chenyika chakatsauriro yezvikoro nezvipatara.

Kubatana Pakati Pehurumende Dzerudzi Nedzenharaunda

Japan ine 47 vatariri navakuru vakuru vanopfuura 1 700, mumwe nomumwe ane gadziriro yake amene yengwavaira. Nepo hurumende yapakati inogadza mipimo yakafara, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine mutoro nokuda kwemirairo yokutanga nedzokubuda. Ikoku kunoparira rwisano apo vanameya vari vamapati vanoshora apo hurumende yenyika inova ye LDP yareki. Somuenzaniso, mukati me 2020 mvura huru muKyushu, JCP-aflic faced yemoney yakabatanidzwa pachena nehurumende yenyika pamusoro penguva yemirairo yokuvaza, ichitaura kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vepakati vakanga vachinonoka zvikuru kugoverana data chaiyoiyo yenguva yokunaya mvura chaiyo. LDP yakapomera mejasiti yezvamatongerwe enyika mukati me njodzi, asi chinoitika chakatungamirira kukwenyudzwa noruwa rwenyika yose [FFFFFF]

Mitambo Yokusarudza Nemhosva Yemitambo

Njodzi dzinogona kuumba migumisiro yokusarudza. Njodzi ya2011 Tōku inoonekwa sechimwe chikonzero nei DPJ yakarasikirwa nesimba muna 2012, ichidzorera LDP kuhurumende. Njodzi inoitika muna 2018 kumadokero kweJapan ingava yakabatsirawo pakushanda zvakanaka kweLDP mujaho reNhau dzinonzi 2019 dzakakanganiswa, apo CDP yakawana zvigaro. Saka, vanhu vanoona njodzi senzvimbo inotambira. Zvikwata zvinoedza kudzora kurondedzera kupfurikidza nokuzivisa matura akawanda uye kugadziridza mari pamberi pezvirongwa zvevhotera. Mapo anenge achipikisa, anokumbira kubvunzurudza mabhinya epabhuroko yedare kuti aonekwe, achichengeta dzvinyiriro yacho.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Zvidzidzo Zvematongerwe Enyika Munjodzi Huru

2011 Kudengenyeka Kwepasi kweTōku uye Tsunami

Njodzi yaMarch 11, 2011 yakanga iri nguva yakapera. DPJ yakabatwa yakavanda nemwero wetsunami neFukushima yakazotevera. Mutungamiriri mukuru Kan akapomerwa mhosva yemicrocking necheni dzinovhiringidza. Vatungamiriri veLDP, kubatanidza panguva iyoyo napurezidhendi weboka Taniga Sasakazu, vakatsigirawo asi vakadanawo kuti pave nehurumende inobatana yerudzi yeKan. Mugumisiro wacho wakaona kupfuvura kwe Mutemo weProrition of the Great Japan Revoluence[FLT], uyo akaumba mutevedzero mukuru weRekopotion , uyo wakaumbawo mutevedzero mukuru wemuchinjiko necheto. Mukurangarira kushata kwengozi yechamuchinjiko.

2018 Mafashamo okuMadokero kweJapan

Musi waJuly 2018 mvura zhinji yakaparira kudengenyeka kwapasi nemafashamo munzvimbo dzinopfuura 14 dzamapurisa, zvichiuraya vanhu vanopfuura 200. Hurumende yeLDP yakazvizivisa kuva ngwavaira yakasarudzwa, ichizarura mari chaiyo, asi mapoka anoshora akatsoropodza kushaikwa kwezvirongwa zvakatangira mutsigiridzo dzerwizi. CDP yakasimbisa kuti inopfuura 70% yenjodzi yamafashamo yakaitika munharaunda umo mabasa avose akanga adzikiswa nokuda kwokuronga mari yakarongwa pasi pegadziriro yapakuvamba yeLDP. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukudzokororwa kwenzwi muDet, uye hurumende yakagovera mabhiriyoni 300 okuwedzera eyen nokuda kwokuchengetwa kworwizi anopfuura makore matatu akatevera.

2024 Peninsula yeNoto

Kudengenyeka kwapasi kwaJanuary 2024 kwechiuru cha 7,5 kwakarova Ikawa Prefecture, kuchiparira kuwa kwechivako chakapararira uye kuchinyandura nyevero yetsunami. Hurumende yeLDP yakamhanya yakakurumidza kupindura, ichitumira Universe-Defense Forces uye nzvimbo dzokugara dzekurumidziro. Zvisinei, mapoka anoshora akacherekedza kuti misha mizhinji yakaparadzana yairamba iripo nokuti migwagwa yakavharwa nenzvimbo dzinomharaira mhepo dzakanga dzisina kukwana. CDP yakakarakadza kugadzira mirwi yakaiswa michina yekurukurirano neSatellitellite murutivi rwuri rwose rwe 2024. Kudengenyeka kwepasi kwakanyandurawo kurukurirano pamusoro pekotsekano pamusoro pezvivako zvinogara zviri munzvimbo dzinonzi dzinonzirwa nenzvimbo dzenhau dzeOrobhabhati reOdasidharo yakanga yaverwa kusingadi kudzorwa kudzorwa kudzodza kudzosera shure kwezvokugadzirwa kwomunzvimbomo.

Nhungamiro Yenguva Yemberi: Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze, Vanhu Vakwegura, uye Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemakombiyuta

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze

Japan iri kuona madutu akasimba zvikuru uye kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru “guerrilla ine njodzi dzemheni""" inonaya nzvimbo inonaya mvura zvikuru inokurira gadziriro dzokubudisa mvura. CDP namamwe mapoka anoshora anopikisa kuti kuisa ngwariro kweLDP pakongiri hakukwani nokuda kwechinhu chitsva chomugariro wokunze. Vanokurudzira hurumende kuisa mari mugadziriro dzenyevero dzapakuvamba uye kuvandudza njodzi dzamafashamo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji. ZDP inonyora kuti zvinhu zvikuru zvichiri madikanwa, asi yavamba kubatanidza mamiriro okunze okunze mukuronga. Kubvumirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kungangova muvhenganiswa wezvinhu zvinovira nezvinoruvara, namativi ose ari maviri achitaura kuva nechikwereti.

Kukwegura Kwevanhu Nenzanga Dzinodziviswa

Vanopfuura 29% vavagari veJapan vane makore 65 kana kuti kupfuura, vazhinji vanogara munharaunda dzomumaruwa dziri kure kana kuti munharaunda dzomumataundi makuru. Mukati mengwavaira, vanhu vakwegura sezvingabvira zvikuru vangakuvadzwa kana kuti kuurawa uye vanoda tsigiro chaiyo. Komeito akaita iyi nhau yokusaina, kusundira nokuda kwemisha yavakuru inofanirwa uye nokuda kwerovedzo yapamutemo yokudzivisa vagari vemo vakura. LDP yakatoitawo chisakiso, asi ganhuriro inoreva kuti kuzadzika kwacho hakuenzaniswi. Chiono chakaipisisa chekudengenyeka kwenyika (*a) muTokyo kana kuti Osaka mukati mamasikati, apo vakweguru vazhinji vari musha woga. inochengeta chirango chinotyisa chezvamatongerwe enyika icho mapoka ose anodzivisa chose.

Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa Zvesayenzi

Japan inotungamirira mukushandisa gadziriro dzenyevero dzekare kudzorwa nenjodzi. Masangano anotonga anorangarira ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu senzira yokuwedzera nayo pfuma yakaganhurirwa. Hurumende Concety 5.0] nhanho dzinobatanidza gadziriro dze “kubuda kwapamhene" gadziriro dzinoshandisa mashoko orunhare kutungamirira vanhu kunzira dzakachengeteka. Masangano anoshora akamutsa zvinetso pamusoro pezvakavanzika nemukamukaro wemagedhoni, achiramba kuti havasi vagari vose vane mafoni. Vanopanikirawo kana mafemu etechnoloji achifanira kupiwa kusvikwa kumashoko anotapukurirwa. Iyi ichiri kugadziridza uye sezvingabvira achaumba chizvarwa chinotevera chenjodzi.

mhedziso

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan haasi vaoni vasingashandiri migariro inoparira ngwavaira dzomusikirwo — ivo vagadziri vezvinhu zvinovaka njodzi dzenyika. Kubva pasvomhu huru dzechakakurumbira dzekuchengetera mari yeCMP kudanidziro dzekuchinja kwemamiriro okunze neKomeito yezvokunangidzirwa pavagari vemo vasina kusimba, boka rimwe nerimwe rinoisa zvinhu zvinokosha zvakasiana izvo zvinogadzirira Japan, kuita chiito, uye kugadziridza njodzi. Nepo kusawirirana kuchigona kunonoka uye kuparira kusawirirana, kudikanwa kwakagoveranwa kwokudzivirira mwero webatira pamwero yebatira pamwero inopfuudza matonge kazhinji kazhinji mamiriro enyika ezuva. Japan inotarisana nenguva yenhambo yemamiriro okunze akanyanyisa zvikuru nenzanga yokukwegura, kutamba pakati pemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kucharamba kuri chinhu chikuru mukusarudza kuti nyika nyika mamiriro okunze mamiriro okunze. Nokuda kwedzimwe nyika dzinoratidzika sechidzidzo chakajeka, muenzaniso wakanaka zvikuru sezvidzidzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pezvirongwa.

Kurava kwakawedzera: Hurumende yeJapan yePortel yeNjodzi yeNjodzi SEP [[FLT]] [FOM]] Cabinet Office Management Disaster Disastery [[Jopan:5]] .