Basa Remaruwa Mugadziriro Yemitemo yeNational Legislative yeJapan: Kunzvera Kwakawedzerwa

Gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan inowanzorangarirwa nameso emapoka ayo makuru enyika, zvikurukuru mapoka marefu anoshandisa Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) neConstitutional Democratic Party yeJapan (CDP). Zvisinei, uyu murangariro unofuratira ufakazi hunokosha hwechiJapan: basa renguva dzose nerevorevedzo remapati eruwa. Aya mapoka, anotangira mumibatanidzwa yakananga kana kuti nzvimbo huru, anobatira semikoto inokosha nokuda kwefariro dzomunzvimbomo mukati momuitiro worudzo rwehurumende. Nepo angava bedzi nekarushoma rwezvigaro muNational Diet (Kokkami), pesvedzero yawo inowanzotambanuko kure kupfuura simba rawo. Kuumba mavhotera, mavhotera akakata akakamura zvikuru mumakamuri, uye masangano omunzvimbomo omunharaunda dzomunzvimbomo, sezvo mapoka ose ari maviri anonzvera mugadziriro yoruwa, zvinopesvedzera zvenguva yemberi, zvinoparira kusimbisa zvimiro zvenyika zvenyika.

Kunaka Kwemaruwa muJapan

Masangano enharaunda muJapan anorondedzerwa nengwariro yawo yenzvimbo yapasi uye kuzvipira kwawo kunhau dzinonzwika munharaunda yakati, dzakadai senzvimbo inodzorwa, guta, kana kuti nharaunda yeguta. Kusafanana namapati erudzi anotanga zvikuva zvakafara kuti akwidze vavhoti munyika yose, mapoka enharaunda anoisa simba rawo pazvinhu zvakadai segadziriro dzomunzvimbomo, kuvandudza upfumi hwenharaunda dzinoderera, kuchengetedzwa kwetsika, uye kupedza zvinetso zvenzanga kana kuti zvemhoteredzo zvakasiyana - siyana munharaunda yavo. Anowanzobuda mumasangano ouswandindindiro, madhipatimendindindindi emato enyika omunzvimbomo munyika yose, kana kuti kuita kuti aonekwe searegeredzwa nehurumende yenyika.

Mienzaniso Mikuru Yeboka Romunharaunda

Mapati anoverengeka enharaunda akawana kuvapo kukuru nepesvedzero pamwero wenyika. [[FLT: 0] Osaka Renation Party (Osaka Isihin Win Plan) sezvinooneka iboka reruwa rakatanhamara zvikurusa nerinobudirira muJapan yazvino. Yakawanwa naAsaka yaichimbova meya na gavhuna, yagara yakananga pamugariro wokudzora muOsaka Prefecture, ichisundira nokuda kwe "Osaka Polis Plan" kurongazve nzvimbo yedanga rewaranzi chairo kuTokyo. Rubudiriro rwayo rwakaitwa muzvigaro zvose zviri zviviri zveGazeko naparo yeGauni, zvikurukuru nzvimbo dzapanyika dzose.[F3] Makune mauni anogara nyika dzose.[F3]

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau

Basa remapati enharaunda rakavandudzika chifo chenhambo yapashure pehondo. Mukati menhambo yeMitemo ye 1955, apo LDP inodzorwa neSocialist Party yakagovera chishoro chikuru, mapoka enharaunda akakurirwa. Zvisinei, chinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika muma 1990, kubatanidza kutanga kwegadziriro yezvisarudzo zvakavhengana yakabatana pamwe chete nemireza mireve, yakagadzira mabanza matsva eboka maduku. Chikamu chemitengo chemitezo chakabvumira mapoka netsigiro yeruwa kukunda kunyange kana aisagona kukurira mumaruwa emitezo mimwe. Mitezo 2000 ne2010 yakaona kukwira mumurangariro wezvitsuwa, uchiwedzerwa nokuchinja kwezve kwezvero yemari munharaunda dzomumaruwa uye nokushatiswa kwemiitiro yeTokyo. Rubudiriro rwechikamu cheReception nechiito chemugoriso chezvikamu chenyika inoenzanisirwa, sezviito zvinoratidzirwa mugadziriro zvenyika.

Michina Yokupesvedzera Muzvokudya Zverudzi

Pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo dzawo dzakaganhurirwa, mapoka enharaunda anopesvedzera kupfurikidza negadziriro huru dzinoverengeka dzakaiswa muchimiro chetsika yeparamende yeJapan chakavakirwa pamibatanidzwa.

Kugadzirwa Kwemarongerwo Ezvinhu uye Kuiswa Kwemasero

Nzira inokosha zvikurusa yepesvedzero ipfurikidza nezvamatongerwe enyika zvechimurenga. Muparamende umo mubatanidzwa unotonga unowanzotsamira payakawanda kana kuti unofanira kukurukura namapoka anoshora, mapoka enharaunda anova anokosha zvikuru anokwikwidzanisa. Somuenzaniso, LDP-rective kazhinji kazhinji yakatsvaka tsigiro ye [ Kometo] [[FLT] [1] (bato rine muitiro wechitendero netsika dzenzanga), asi apo mubatanidzwa iwoyo unova usina kukwana, kana kuti apo mutemo wakananga unoda kuti zvizvarwa zvisarirane, mapati eruwa akafanana neOsakation Partionstions akaitwa. Mukati kurukurirano dzechibvumirano, masangano anotora kubvumira mitero yomunzvimbomo, mitero, kana kuti masangano okutarisira anobetsera zvakananga mitero yavo. Muenzaniso mukuru ndiwo mano okupfuurira mberi kweProri yehurumende mukati nhambo yenhau dzeruwa, masangano eOclesciveries, masangano ebvumirano okutsigira kudzoromatongedzero huru zvikuru.

Kubvuma Mitemo uye Kubuda Kwokutengeserana

Kupfuura zvibvumirano zvepamutemo, masangano enharaunda anopesvedzera muitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nokushandisa simba ravo rokuvhota sechisakiso pamabhiri avanhu vamwe navamwe. Mumabhii namavhoti ouriri, vanogona kutyisidzira kurega kutsigira kana kuti kuvhota chikarakadzo chehurumende kutoti kugadziridzwa chakananga kunenge kwabatanidzwa. Uku kutengeswa kwemitemo kunoshanda zvikuru apo hurumende inotarisana nokusabvumirana kwemitezo yayo kana kuti apo vashorori vanorwisana vanogona kupa chinetso. Mitezo yeboka raDioet inova nyanzvi munharaunda dzakati dzemitemo kupfurikidza nemitemo yehurumende kutongedzero, kana kuti dzidzo inowirirana nenharaunda yavo, uye inoshandisa unyanzvi ihwo mukati me matare okuumba mutemo wenyika. Somuenzaniso, mumiririri weOkia anogona kuita chinetso chinogombesa nokuda kwokudzora kana kuti mamiriro ezve mari adzorerwe munzanga dzenyika dzose dzenyika dzose.

Kutora Rutivi Nebasa

Gadziriro yedare muNational Diet inopa madare imwe nzira yenharaunda yepesvedzero. Kunyange nezvigaro zvakaganhurirwa, mitezo yebato yeruwa inowanzova nenzvimbo pamatare makuru . Yakadai seDare paNyika, Indrastructure, Trast and Tourism, kana kuti Dare paHwero, Labour and Welfare . uko vanogona kubvisa zvikwereti nemibvunzo yemitemo. Unyanzvi hwavo hwemo hunovaita vapindi vanokosha mukutarisira uye kuumba mutemo. Nokuramba kunyorwa kwezvitsigiro zvakanangidzirwa, vanogona kuumba chinyorwa chakaisvonaka chemitemo icho chine mirangariro yenyika yose asi chakatapura zvikuru nzvimbo yavo. Iyi midziro yemitengo yemitengo yemitezo yemitemo yetsika inoshambadzano yemitezo yenyika yose.

Kuongorora Nyaya Dzeboka Romunharaunda

Kunzvera mienzaniso chaiyo kunojekesa kuti mapoka enharaunda akatapura sei mutemo wenyika nenhungamiro yemiitiro nenzira inodzorwa.

Boka Rokudzorerwa reOsaka

Osaka Reducation Party inomira sechinoitika chinobudirira zvikurusa chebato renharaunda rinoshandisa pesvedzero yenyika. Yakavambwa muna 2010, yakawana zvigaro muDiet kupfurikidza nokuisa pakangaidziko yavose nokusashanda zvakanaka kwemitero uye kurasa kunozivikanwa kwemitero muOsaka. Chikarakadzo chayo cheSayensi(Osaka Metropolis Plan) yakarongedzerwa kurongazve nzvimbo yeguta reOsaka neOsaka City ine masuo. Vambani aishandisa kuvapo kwayo muDioceswo kusuma nokumanikidzira mutemo waizobvumira kurongwazve kwakadaro. Mukati nhambo ya20181817, boka racho rakava nechiyero chesimba rakawanda rezvokudya, richibvumira kutaurirana zvakananga neP. Dare renyika inobvumira kuti itsigire chibvumirano chamarudzi enyika yomunzvimbomo enyika.

Boka Remapoka reOkinawa

Okinawa Social Mass Party (OSMP) yave iri inzwi rokupesana kweOkinawa nemitemo yehurumende yapakati pamusoro penzvimbo dzamauto eUnited States. Okinawa inogamuchira zvigaro zvakawanda zvemauto eU.S. muJapan, uye dare rave richiramba richishora kuvakwa kwezvivako zvitsva, zvakadai sokuvakwazve kweFutenma Air . OMP, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji mubvumirano nedzimwe mapoka anobva kuruboshwe, yakashandisa zvigaro zvayo kuti ipedze zvinodikanwa neOkinas. Kubudirira kukuru kwakanga kuri kubatanidzwa kwomutauro wakati kuti utsaure mubhajekedzo yegore negore uye mitemo inopa tsigiro yemari inopa tsigiro yemari nokuda kwebudiriro yeOkiedzo yemari negadziriro yemhoteredzo yapasi pemhoteredzo yapasi pevhu, apo mamiriro ezvinhu anenge achigadzirirwa zvikuru nokuda kwekudzoro yenzvimbo dzapasi pevhuro. Mune yesimba reU. Japan ramas. Kubudirira zvikuru kupfurikidza nemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yeOMP yakarevedzero huru zvikuru kupfurikidza kupfurikidza kupfurikidza kupfurikidza kupfupikisa kuti ashate

Vamwe Vatevedzeri Vomunharaunda Vanocherekedzwa

Mapati maduku enharaunda uye vaiti vemitemo vanozvimirira vakawirirana nemasangano enharaunda vakaitawo migumisiro. Somuenzaniso, mapati omuHokkaido akaisa pfungwa pakuderera kwezvemari yenzanga dzokuredza hove dzomumaruwa, achitsigira nokubudirira nokuda kwemari yebasa rokuredza hove uye nokuda kwokuita kuti pavezve zvivako zvinogadziriswazve mudunhu. MuTohoku, mapoka anomiririra nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nokudengenyeka kwenyika kwa1920 netsunami akasimudzira kuderera kwemitemo yenyika. Izvi zvinoedza kuratidza kuti kunyange nhengo imwe yeDhioti inobva muboka reruwa inogona kuunza mativi emitemo yenyika, kana vakagona kuvaka kutsigira kutsigira kwainoita.

Matambudziko Ayaitarisana Nemaruwa

Pasinei zvapo nokubudirira kwadzo, mapoka enharaunda anoshanda pasi peganhuriro dzinokosha dzinoganhurira ukuru hwadzo nokugara kwadzo kwenguva refu.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Masangano enharaunda ane zvitsama zvemari, vashandi vaduku, uye masangano esangano mashoma kana zvichienzaniswa nezvikwata zvikuru zvenyika. Anogona kuenzana nerevo munyika yose yeLDP yokupa mari kana kuti muchina weCDP wokuwana mari yemari. Iyi mpata yezviwanikwa inotapura mano avo okunzvera miraudzo, kubudisa nhimbe dzezvokubudisa nhau dzinobudirira, uye kuchengeta masangano emunda akasimba muvatongi vakawanda. Mitezo yeruwa yakawanda Diet inoshanda neduku, inomanikidzira kuisa kurongwa kwakaganhurirwa kwenhau. Ikoku kuzviita zvitapuko kuti vatapukurwe nemapoka makuru anogona kuparadzira zvikwata zvokunzvera zvikuru uye kunyora zvinyorwa.

Kuoneka Kworudzi Nengwariro Yezvinobudisa Nhau

Mapati enharaunda anotamburira kuwana zivikanyo yenyika kunze kwemisha yawo. Zvinobudisa nhau zvakavakirwa Tokyo zvinokombamira pahondo dzoutungamiriri, gadziriro dzeCDP, uye nhano huru dzemiitiro kubva pakati. Zviziviso zveruwa, kunyange kana zvikabatanidza zvikarakadzo zvinokosha zvemitemo yenyika, kazhinji kazhinji zvinogamuchira bedzi kufukidzwa kwenhau dzomunzvimbomo. Uku kusaoneka kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti ava mapoka ava vavake shongwe yenyika kana kuti vawedzere tsigiro yavo kupfuura pasi penyika yavo yapakuvamba. Naizvozvo kunyora kwavo kunofanira kutsamira zvikuru paruvimbiko rwapasi rwapasi nedziro dzouswa hutsva zvishanduko zvikuru panzvimbo yakafara zvikuru yokubudisa nhau.

Kudzikamisa Zvinofarirwa Nevanhu Vomunyika Yacho

Nhamo huru yebato renharaunda ipi neipi iri kuenzanisa fariro chaidzo dzavatsigiri varo nedikanwo yokutora rutivi mukutonga kwenyika. Apo boka renharaunda rinopinda mumubatanidzwa nebato guru renyika, rinotarisana nengozi yokubatanidzwa. Tsigiro yaro yemari yenyika kana kuti pamutemo wekuchengeteka unomutsa ingaonekwa seshambadziro nevomunzvimbomo vanokarira kuti vamiririri vehurumende yepakati. Somuenzaniso, Osaka Reconsoletion Party inoda kutaurirana neLD Plan yeMetropolis Plan inotungamirira kuporangeri yakabva kuvatsoropo yakabva kuvatsoropo yaropo yarovha yarovha yarovhara shingairo yaro. Nenzira yakapesana, kana boka reruwa rikagamuchira chirambidzo chakaoma panhau dzose dzenyika dzenyika dzenyika dzose, ringazova risina kudzivirirwa uye risingakwani kugoverani kugovera nzvimbo ipi neipi nokuda kweiyi nzvimbo yaro.

Kuorera Kwemvura Nokubudirira

Masangano enharaunda anowanzovakirwa nevakuru vakuru venzvimbo dzinobudirira kana kuti masangano emorefu, achiaita kuti ave nyore kuchinjwa kwevatungamiriri uye achichinja - chinja mumaonero evanhu. Rufu kana kuti kurega basa kwomutungamiriri wokutanga zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwetsigiro inosarudzwa. Uyezve, nemhaka yokuti kukwirira kwavo kwakabatanidzwa nekanyunyuto kemunharaunda (zvikurukuru, chishoro chikuru muOkinawa kana kuti kuchinja kwehurumende muOsaka), kana nyaya yacho ikagadziriswa (kana kuti kana kuti kutarisirwa navanhu vose) raison d’être kuderera. Kutsigira rimwe boka reruwa pamitengodzi inoda kugadziridzwa kwesangano racho uye kukura kwechirongwa chedare, denho iyo mapoka akawanda akakundikana kusangana naro.

Kariro Dzomunguva Yemberi Dzemaruwa

Nguva yemberi yemapati enharaunda mugadziriro yomutemo wenyika yeJapan inotsamira pazvinhu zvinoverengeka zvourongwa uye zvematongerwe enyika. Chimiro chinopfuurira chemiganhu yokumaruwa nokunangana kwezvikwata zveruwa chingabetsera kana kuti kudzongonyedza mapoka enharaunda. Kune rumwe rutivi, sezvo nzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzinorasikirwa navagari vemo, pesvedzero yavo yezvamatongerwe enyika inoderera, ichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti mapoka eruwa awane zvigaro. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusagutsikana nemitemo yechikwiricheni cheTokyo kungawedzera mumitengo, kudiwa kwemitemo yenzvimbo inogamuchirwa yomunzvimbomo. Sangano huru inovhengangochinja mamiriro okuchinja.

Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti mapoka enharaunda angangoerekana aita mibatanidzwa mirefu kana kuti kudzokororwa. Osaka Reparation Party yakaongorora zvibvumirano nezvibvumirano zvakafanana nezvirongwa zvokuchinja zvinhu mune mamwe mapoka ehurumende, asi kukwirira kwemapoka enzvimbo dzezvikwata zvenzvimbo kunoramba kusingabviri. Kana kuti boka rakadaro raigona kubuda, ringagona kuva simba rechitatu rakatanhamara mune zvematongerwe enyika, kuchinja kubva muunganidzwa wevatambi vomunzvimbomo kuva boka rakabatana zvikuru rinokwanisa kupesvedzera purogiramu yakabatana zvikuru. Kukwirira kwemichina yemichina yemitengo nenhau dzenzanga kungagonawo kubatsira vanhu kukurira miganhuro yemagamuchidzanwa, zvichibvumira kuti vakurukure zvakananga nenyika yose, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingada kuti vatengere mari muzvikamu zvemari munyika yose zviri munyika yose.

Pakupedzisira, mhindumupindu yenzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan (8) kubatanidza bviro yegadziriro yebato rakakamukana zvikuru kana kuti chinjo kuhurumende dzakabatana setsika . kungasimudzira kukwanisa kwemapoka enharaunda. Sezvo kudzora kweLDP kuwanda kwezviso zvechiverengero chavagari vemo nemhepo dzemari, uye sezvo mapoka anoshora anoramba achiparadzana, basa remapoka maduku netsigiro huru ringagona kukura. Muchinoitika chakadaro, mapoka enharaunda haasati aizovawo zvake tsigiro dzomunzvimbomo asi rutivi runokosha rwegadziriro ipi neipi yokutonga yakatsigarira, achiapa basa rechigarire nerevomubatanidzwa wemitemo worudzi.

mhedziso

Masangano enharaunda muJapan anoumba zvikuru kupfuura vatambi vehurumende inotonga nyika; ivo rutivi rukurusa uye runovapo nemhaka yegadziriro yedemokrase yenyika. Kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzechibvumirano, kutengesa kwemitemo, dare rokuvamba, uye ngwariro inopfuurira panhau dzomunharaunda, vanoumba mitemo yenyika munzira idzo mapoka makuru, nezvinoisa zvinhu zvapamberi, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kufuratirwa. Kutevera kweboka rehurumende rehurumende revoruzhinji, kudzivirira kwechisociko chetsikanidzo chetsika, netyisidziro yetsika dzezvitsuwa zvezvitsuwa, uye basa ramapoka maduku eruwa anoratidzira kuti mufananidzo wenyika unogona kubudisa migumisiro inooneka. Bva, aya mapoka anotarisanawo nezvinetso zvinoshamisa: migove, zvinobudisa nhau, kunzwika, kuoma kwendangariro kwemifungo pakati penyika dzose, uye kutyisidzira kutsigira mamiriro ezvinhu enyika amarudzi akawanda.