Kurondwa kwamasangano ezvokubudirira, anozvidavirira, uye anobatanidza idenho inoparirwa yezana ramakore makumi maviri nerekutanga. Masangano amarudzi ose akabuda savatambi vapakati mukuronda uku, achishandisa simba rakasiyana, pfuma yakawanda, uye unyanzvi hwokutsigira hurumende dzamarudzi munzendo dzawo dzokutonga. Kurevesa kuva vacherekedziwo zvavo, masangano akafanana nesangano reSangano reNyika Dzapasi Pose, World Bank Group, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Mubatanidzwa weCMP, Konoloji yeCo-operation and Development (OECD), uye kubudirira kwakasiana- siyana kwemitemo yemite yemitengo inoumba kugadziridza nokuvandudza masangano ezvokutungamirira bhizimisi, kuzvitonga kwehurumende, kupesana nezvouoridzo, uye kufambiswa kwebasa rapachena. Basa razvo munyika yose rinoshandura mipimo yomunzvimbomo, kusimudzira kugadzirwa nokubudirira kwenzvimbo yapasi penyika yose nokuda kwenzvimbo uye kugadzirwa.

Iyi nhevedzano inopfuura kuwanda kwemibato kuti iongorore migumisiro inodzorwa nehurumende, mitoo yezvokushandisa, uye denho dzinopfuurira dzinotarisana neiyi mitumbi mukusimbisa gadziriro dzokutonga munyika yose. Inonzvera kuti aya masangano anoshandisa sei nzvimbo dzawo chaidzo dzokusimudzira kuoneka, anosimbisa mutemo, uye anova nechokwadi chokuti masangano avanhu anoramba achigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvavagari vemo vavo. Simba reiyi tsigiro yenyika yose harina kufanana; rinotsamira pakubatanidzwa kwechido chezvamatongerwe enyika, nzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, uye kuva nomutevedzeri wemitemo wemarudzi ose anobatanidzwa.

Basa Rinochinja Rokutsigira Kutonga Kwamarudzi Ose

Basa ramasangano amarudzi ose mukudzora rachinja zvikuru kubva kutechnocratic, purani-dromateji inoswedera pedyo kupera kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Nhasi, kune kuzivikanwa kukuru kuti udzori hunova hwezvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru nekwakapoteredza. Iyi mhindumupindu yakatungamirira kugadziriro dzakaisvonaka dzinosimbisa udzori hwenyika, nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kudzidza kwezvamatongerwe enyika. , zvikurukuru [FLT] [FLT]SD 16 [[FLT]], yakagovera zvirongwa zvinobatanidza nyika, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akajeka, anodzorwa nenzira yakajeka, masangano enyika akasimba kuti apinde mumitemo, uye kudzorwa kwemitemo yehurumende, uye kudzorwa kwamashoko zvamatongerwe enyika.

Kugadza Mipimo Netsika Zvenyika Yose

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinopesvedzera zvikurusa zvamasangano amarudzi ose ibasa ravo sevatengesi vamagamuchidzanwa. Vanoita gadziriro dzinorondedzera mipimo yehurumende yakanaka. Chibvumirano cheSangano reSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose pamusoro poUori (UNCAC) ndicho chishandiso bedzi chinobatira pamutemo chenyika yose chinodzivisa uori, kugovera gadziriro yakakwana yokudzivirira, utsotsi, uye batira pamwe yamarudzi ose. Nenzira yakafanana, OECD’s [FLT]]][FLT]] inoumba mipimo inodzo inodzorwa pamutemo nokuda kwokuparwa kwechioko mumiitiro yavose yamarudzi ose mumibato yavose. Iyi miitiro haisipotengodzo inodzo inodzorwa yavose inodzorwa kupfurikidza namasangano enyika, mapoka anoshanda munyika dzose, anoparira zvinetso kuidzorwa kumarudzi ose, iyo inodzosera mamiriro okunze makuru adzo.

Kumisa Mari Nezvounyanzvi

Mwero wetsigiro yemari inonangidzirwa kurumbidzo kurumbidzo wakakura. [FLD:0] [FLD] [FLD] mabhiriyoni emadhora muzvikwereti, chikamu chinokosha chazvo chakatsaurirwa kusimbisa masangano ezvikamu zvavose. Iyi mari inotsigira chinhu chose kubva kukuvaka gadziriro dzokutarisira mitero kuti inyorese nzvimbo. [FLD:0][FLD] [[1] World Bank inodzora maronge [[FL:2] kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji] kukweretesa mari yemite yemiitiro yemiitiro yokubudirira inoda gadziriro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yokubudirira inoda mitoo yemiitiro yemibato nemgovero yemitengo inobvumira kugadzirwa kwemitengo. IMFF inogovera betsero yezvokushanda pakati pebhangidzo nemari, kumiitiro yemari, kuiswa kwemitengo, mibatanidzwa yemitengo, uye mari inopesana yehurumende inopesana mumiteorwa yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yenyika yenyika yenyika. [i

Kuongorora, Kuongorora, uye Kuzvidavirira Kwevezera Rako

Kupfuura kupa mari nemitemo, masangano enyika dzakawanda anoita sanzvero dzinotsoropodza dzefambiro mberi. Chikamu cheIMF chinonzvera chinopiwa kunzvera kwoutano kwenguva dzose padzikamo yemitezo yenyika dzezvemari nedzemari, kazhinji kazhinji kubatanidza kunzvera kwehurumende kune chokuita nouori uye kubudirira. Financial Active Table Bacler Force (FATF) inoronga nyika dzine nyika dzine magariro asina simba anopesana nemari, kugadzira simba rezve uye mari yokuchinja. OECD inoongorora nzira yezera radzokorora maererano nouori hwezvakazvakainoita kuti dzive nokuedza kwadzorwa kwenhamburiko dzenyika imwe neimwe, dzinobudiswa mumishumo yavose. Basa iri re "naming nesham," nenhamo, nepokate, rinogovera gadziriro inokosha yokuzvidavirira iyo masangano emhuri oga oga oga. Idzoro yehurumende umo isingagoni kuparira kugadzirirwa kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwehurumende dzenyika dzenyika dzose.

Nharaunda Huru Dzokuongorora Zvirwere Nehosha

Masangano enyika dzakawanda akatsigira kudzora kwawo munzvimbo dzinoverengeka umo akakudziridza betsero dzakadzama zvikuru.Kunzvera idzi nharaunda kunopa nzwisiso chaiyo yokuti chinjo dzinoitwa sei uye miuyo yadzakawana.

Kusimbisa Kutarisirwa Kwemari Kwavanhu Vose

Vatarisiri vezviwanikwa zvavose ibasa rehwaro. World Bank, kupfurikidza nePromance Global Practice, yave iri mutungamiriri mukutsigira Public Financial Management (PFM) chinjo. [FLT]]PULT]PULIC Expenditure and Accouncial (PAFA)[[FL]] purogiramu [[FLT]], gadziriro yemibatanidzwa wakawanda wemari, inogovera gadziriro inotanharo yokunzvera kushanda kwegadziriro dzePFM. Iyi mitoo inonzvera inobetsera kuzivisa kushatanhamo yemari muchimiro chemari, kuronga, kunzvera, uye kufambira pamwe chete namabasa okugadzira zvinhu. Munyika dzeRwanda, PFM dzinotsigira kugadzirwa nokugadzirwa kwemari, kugadzirwa kwemari, uye kugadzirwa kwemari kugadzirwa kwemari, kunoitwa kuti kuvedze kugadzirwa kwemari, uye kugadzirwa kwemari.

Kufambira Mberi Kwokuona Zvakajeka uye Kuedza Kurwisa Kuora

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) yave iri pamberi mukutsigira nzira dzinotsigira uori hwenyika. Basa reUNDP rinowanzonangidzira ngwariro parutivi rwokudzivirira uori, kubetsera nyika kutanga zvirongwa zvamagariro adzo zvinorwisana nouori, kugadza kusvika kwemitemo yemashoko, uye kusimudzira kuoneka mukuwanwa nokushandiswa kwezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, UNDP yakatsigira kuitwa kwemajekerwe ehurumende akazaruka munyika dziri mhiri kweLatin America neAfrica, kuchigonesa vagari vemo kutevera kupambadza nokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvi vazvipire. Bhange romunyika reStolen Arective Arective (SAR), mubatiranano yeUN paMirimo neCrime (UNDC), inoshanda kudzosera nyika dzichiri kuidzwa, kutumira chiratidzo chesimba guru rokudzivisa nokurererwa kweuoridzoro, zvinomirira basa rakakwirira. Idzi dzinomirira kuitirwa kuva nehurumende zvapamutemo, zvinobatanidza vanhu, zvinobatanidza dare, uye kubatana.

Kutsigira Kutonga kwoMutemo Nokuzvimirira Kwokutonga

Hurumende dzinobudirira uye gadziriro dzapamutemo zvinokosha nokuda kwokusimbisa zvibvumirano, kudzivirira maruramiro ezvinhu, uye kuvimbisa ruramisiro yakaenzana. European Union (EU) yakaita utongi hwomutemo hwokuchinja chinhu chikuru chegadziriro yadzo yokuwedzera. Nyika dzinopa mitongo inofanira kuratidzira chinyorwa chezvigadziko zvedare, zvisakafanira zvinoshanda, uye ruremekedzo nokuda kwekodzero dzinokosha vasati vagona kubvumiranisa kuMubatanidzwa wezvinhu. Uyu mutengi wesimba ave mutyairi wechinjo muCentral neEastern Europe neMadoken Balkan. EU inogovera zvirongwa zvikuru zvemiteshinamari, apo vabatiri vemo vanobva kunyika dziripo vanoshanda kumativi ose aripo vanoshanda kurutivi rumwe, nezviwiso zvemitemo mitsva, chitima, uye kuvandudza kutungamirira dare. Nepo muitiro wacho usina zvinetso zvawo zvikuru, unosara mumwe wemitevedzero mukurusa yesangano renyika yose.

Kudzora Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka uye Kutarisira Zvikwereti

IMF yakaita basa guru mukusimudzira kujeka kwemipimo nenheyo, ichiziva kuti mari yavose yakajeka inzvimbo inoparira uori nokusashandiswa zvakanaka. [FLT]F]IMF’S Fiscal Transparency Code[ inogovera purogiramu yemipimo nenheyo. Mibato yemitemo inobetsera nyika kunzvera mikana yadzo mukushuma nokukudziridza zvirongwa zvokuvandudza kujeka, kubatanidza kutarisirwa kuri nani kwemibayiro yehurumende nemhikoshevedzo dzepachena. Munharaunda yezvikwereti, IMFF neNyika inoshanda nenyika kuti dzisimbise chikwereti zvadzoro. Iyi yakaita basa rokukurumidzisa nokuda kwokuna uye kugadziridza chikwereti.

Kutsungirira Matambudziko Anopfuurira uye Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Pasinei zvapo nemipiro inokosha yamasangano amarudzi ose, chinjo dzokudzora dzakaoma nenzira yomuzvarirwo uye kazhinji kazhinji dzinosangana nemhinganidzo dzakadzika.Kubvuma idzi denho kunokosha mukugadzira gadziriro dzetsigiro dzinobudirira zvikuru nedzechokwadi.

Kuipa Kwokuda Zvematongerwe Enyika Noumboo

Kuronga chinjo dzinodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kunotyisidzira fariro dzakadzika midzi. Avo vanobetserwa negadziriro dzakasimba, utarisiri hushomanene, kana kuti udzori hwokungwarira pamusoro pezviwanikwa kazhinji kazhinji vachadzivisa chinjo. Masangano amarudzi ose anogona kugovera zano remari nerounyanzvi, asi haagoni kuita kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Chinjo dzinobudirira zvikurusa ndedziya dziri dzechokwadi dzavatungamiriri vemhuri navanochinja zvinhu. Apo chinjo dzinoonekwa sedzinoiswa kunze sedzinoiswa muganhu, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vachashandiswa panze kana kuti kuchinjwa pashure pokuderera kwedzvinyiriro yokunze. Chinjo ku "kubudirira-dzvutsigiro yetsika" uye "kuchinja kwapamrtiroro" kunoratidzira kuzivikanwa kuti chinjo inosimba kunofanira kuva inodzorwa mukati uye yaparirwa mukati pamutemo, navakwamarudzi akawanda vanofamba basa kunze kwenzvimbo dzinotsigira panzvimbo dzokutungamirira.

Kukwana Kwamashoko Nokudzivisa Mabhii

Hapana muenzaniso mumwe wokutonga kwakanaka unoshanda kwose kwose. Chinjo yakabudirira munyika yapakati inowana mari muEast Asia ingakundikana mukuwana kwakaderera, rwisano dzakavhiringidzwa munyika muWest Africa. Masangano amarudzi ose pane dzimwe nguva akatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokusimudzira zvigadzikiso zvinowirirana zvisingashuviki nokuda kwezvomunharaunda, tsika, uye mamiriro enhau. Kuchinja kunotsiva kuvamba mutsika yePunionc yeIndation yeswork yokuwana nerongedzero, somuenzaniso, akava nemiuyo yakavhenganiswa mumitemo yebasa ravagari vemo renyika yose rakaneta namabasa apamutemo akarongwa. Kutsigira kwamarudzi ose kunobudirira zvikurusa nhasi kunosimbisa kuchinjika, kufunda muizvo zvinoshanda mumashoko akajeka. Ikoku kunoda kuti masangano enyika ose apinde muzivo huru yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo, apinde muboka rakafara remiteveri, uye kupindira mukutevedzano yavo munguva yayo.

Kubvumirana Nokuparadzana

Denho huru ichiverengero chikuru chavatambi vamarudzi ose vanobatanidzwa mukutsigira kudzora. Nyika imwe ingava namabasa akawanda akasiana - siana anotsigirwa namasangano eUN akasiana - siana, vapi vemipiro, mabhangi okubudirira kwakawanda, uye mari yenyika yose. Uku kukamukana kunogona kukurira gadziriro dzenyika, kudzokorora, uye kutanga zvinhu zvinopesana. Nhamburiko dzokuvandudza kubatana, dzakadai seUN Development System Reformation kana kuti kushandiswa kwemari yechivimbo chakabatana, kuvavarira kuderedza ndyiko nokuvimbisa kusvika kwakanangana. Zvisinei, zvikarakadzo zvesangano zvamasangano akasiyana - siyana zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuwirirana. Kubudirira munyika kunoda utungamiriridzo hwakasimba kubva kuhurumende dzenyika, idzo dzinofanira kukwanisa kuronga zvinhu zvakajeka uye kuva nevavariro yemarudzi ose dzinozvidavirira nokuda kwadzoro.

Kuchengetedza uye Kuyera Nguva Refu

Kudzora chinjo kunowanzotora makore gumi kana kuti kupfuura kuratidza miuyo inooneka. Zvirongwa mumasangano amarudzi ose zvinowanzova zvipfupi zvikuru, zvinogara makore matatu kusvikira kunomwe. Uku kupesana kunoparira dzvinyiriro yokuratidzira miuyo yokukurumidza, inogona kuisa tsigiro nokuda kwokuva nyore nyore yokubudisa chinjo dzinodzoka panzvimbo pokuoma, kuchinja kurongwa. Kubatanidza kutsigika kwechinjo pashure pokupera kwemari yokunze ibasa idenho inopfuurira. Gadziriro itsva yokutarisira mari ingava isashanda kana simba romunzvimbomo rokuichengeta risina kukura. Kushanda kwechinjo dzehurumende pamiuyo yakapararira sekuderera kwourombo kana kuti kupfuutsaidzwa kwamabasa kwakaoma. Masangano enyika ose ari kuwedzera kuisa mumiuyo miuyo mirefu yakakomba uye kunzvera kwakakomba, asi iyi nzvimbo inosara kuti ive yakasimbiswa.

Mirayiridzo Yakanaka Nenyika Dziri Kubatana

Kutarira mberi, basa ramasangano amarudzi ose mukudzora kunofanira kupfuurira kushanduka - shanduka mukupindura kumugariro wenyika unochinja nokukurumidza.

Kuchinjwa Kwemadhigirii Nokuda Kwokuzvidavirira

Kuchinja kwemichina kunopa zvishandiso zvitsva zvekuratidza nokuzvidavirira. Masangano emarudzi ose ari kutsigira hurumende mukushandisa gadziriro dzokuzivisa mashoko, kugadzira zvinhu, uye mamichina akazaruka anoita kuti kushanda kwehurumende kujeke uye kubudirire. Basa reWorld Bank paGovtech neUNDP riri kubatsira nyika kuti dzikwirire, kugadziridza kwemapepa. Zvisinei, kuchinja kwemichina kunotakurawo ngozi, kubatanidza kuvhura, kuongorora, uye njodzi dzeIndaneti. Masangano emarudzi akawanda ane basa rokutamba mukugadzira mipimo nemipimo yemitemo yemichina yemakombiyuta muboka revoruzhinji, achivimbisa kuti kuvandudza mashandiro emakombiyuta panzvimbo pokushaidzwa kwemazatimende etsika muhurumende.

Kuwedzera Kumaodzanyemba Nekumaodzanyemba Nekubatana Kure

Muenzaniso wetsika yokudzora unobva kunyika dzichiri kubudirira uri kutsigirwa nebatira pamwe yeSouth-South-South. Zviitiko zvinobudirira zvokuchinja munyika dzakadai seBrazil, India, uye South Africa zvinogovera zvidzidzo zvinokosha nokuda kwevezera ravo muNyika yose yeSouth. Masangano amarudzi ose anogona kushanda savatsigiri vemitengi navanopesana nokuda kweiyi zivo, kupfuudza marangariro ezera nebatira pamwe yematatu apo mupi wemagamuchidzanwa wemari netsinhano yeSouthern Southern. Iyi nzira kazhinji kazhinji inofara kuva nohutsvene zvikuru nokugamuchirwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka yokuti inoonekwa sechinhu chiduku zvikuru uye chinowirirana nezvisingawiriraniswi kumaidi enyika iri kusimupi. OECD Secriatroriat inoita basa guru mukuronga kurukurirano pakati penyika dzeOCD neOOOOO, nyanzvi dzinoziva kufambirana kutevera.

Kufambira Mberi Kwehurumende Nemamiriro Okunze

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inopa denho huru. Masangano amarudzi ose ari kuziva nenzira inowedzera kuti chiito chemugariro wokunze chinobudirira chinoda masangano akasimba, kutarisirwa kwemari kwakajeka, uye mutemo. Green Climate Fund, inotungamirirwa neWorld Bank uye inoshandiswa neUN, inoda mipimo yezvakapoteredza zvakasimba nedziviriro dzenzanga kuti zvisashandisire vakwanyina vayo. Kutsigira hurumende kutarisira mari yemamiriro okunze nenzira yakajeka, kudzora mamiriro ecarbon remarbon projectal project inharaunda inokura yokutsigira Hurumende uye magariro enzvimbo nenzvimbo dzinodzorwa kuvimbisa kuti kufamba kukuru kwemari kuendeswa kunzvimbo dzayo dzemhoteredzo nemhizha kunoshandiswa nenzira inobudirira uye inobudirira, uye kuti nzanga dzine chisarudzo mushoko iro rinodzora mhoteredzo yadzorwa nezvinoraramisa.

mhedziso

Ukama pakati pamasangano enyika yose nehurumende dzamarudzi ose murutivi rwekutonga itsika yakaoma, yakasimba, uye ine chokuita zvikuru. Inobatanidza kupfuudzirwa kwetsika, gadziriro yemari, kuvakwa kwoukuru, uye kuzvidavirira. Ufakazi hunoratidza kuti iyi tsigiro inogona kuva inoshanda zvikuru apo inenge iri yakakomba, yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye yechokwadi kuva navashandi vemo. Kubudirira mumitengo yavose, kurwisana neshambidziko, uye kugadziridzwa kwomutemo munyika dzakasiyana- siyana kunoratidzira ukoshina kunokosha kwechibvumirano chamarudzi ose. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvinetso zvinopfuurira zvokudzivisa zvematongerwe enyika, kugovana, kutsigira, uye kutsigira kusimbiswa kwemiganhuro yepesvedzero yokunze uye kudikanwa kwezviito zvehurumende zvinogara zviripo. Sezvimo zvenyika zvinotarisana nechinetso chitsva chenyika inopfupikisa, zvinogamuchirwa zviripo, uye zvinobudirira, masangano enyika ose anogona kupfuudzira mberi kupfuura kugoverwa kupfuudzira kupfumisa kuvaka migove zviri nani.