Kutanga: Kupesana Kwematongerwe Enyika uye Kurwisana MuJapan

Gadziriro yedzidzo yeJapan inowanzorumbidzwa nokuda kwemipimo yayo yakakwirira, zvikoro zvapashure, uye kushanda kwavadzidzi kwakasimba mukunzvera kwamarudzi ose kwakadai seProgramme for International Studentsssment (PISA). Kunyange zvazvo iri pamusoro peizvi zviitwa pane nhandare yezvamatongerwe enyika umo zviono zvinokwikwikwidzana zvorudzi, makwikwi ezvemari, uye magariro enzanga anowirirana nguva dzose. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika muJapan haasi vatambiwo zvavo mugadziridziso dzedzidzo; ivo vagadziri vakuru vanoshandura mifungo yavo kuva zvikarakadzo zvemitemo yemitemo, zvirongwa zvemitemo, uye mipimo yemari. Kunzwisisa kuti aya mapoka anoumba sei zvirongwa zvokuvandudza dzidzo yezve zvomugariro wemari zvinokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa nhungamiro yedzidzo yeJapan, kubva padzidzo youduku kuenda kudzidzo yedzidzo yechikoro chapakuvamba kusvika kuuduku.

Gwaro redzidzo rapashure pehondo ra1947 rakanatsiridzwa ndokutanga gadziriro yaiitirwa kusimudzira kuva mugari wemo wedemocracy. Zvisinei, kudzoka kwehurumende dzinoda kudzora kudzora kweLiberal Democratic Party (LDP) kuvambira muna 1955 zvichienda mberi kwakadzorwa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvikurukuru pamusoro pemipimo yedzidzo nemvumo yebhuku. Iri rock-ofy pakati pekuchinja nokuchinja kwakafanira, tsika nefambiro mberi, zvinopfuurira kurondedzera tsika dzedzidzo nhasi. Japan sezvainotarisana nokuderera kwemitengo, kudzoreka yemitengo, uye makwikwikwidzano enyika yose, maza edzidzo haana kutongo kutongo. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anopa magedhi, nerevoredhi huru nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye nzanga dzakawanda.

Nhoroondo: Kubva Pakugadziridza Zvakaitika Pashure Pehondo Kuenda Kukuchinja Zvinhu Zvikuru

Fandesheni yetsika yedzidzo yazvino uno yeJapan yakavakwa mukati meAssociated Occupation (1945-19952), iyo yakaputsa muenzaniso wedzidzo youmambo yapamberi pehondo yakavakirwa pakunamatwa kwamambo nehondo. Chinjo dzeU.S. dzakagadzirwa nenzira imwe dzakatanga “63-3” tsika yedzidzo yapamberi pezvitanhatu (makore matanhatu, makore matatu akakwirira, makore matatu akakwirira, yunivhesiti ina), yakaraira coclaise, uye yakavamba mabhodhi edzidzo yakasarudzwa yechikoro. Mutemo weDzidzodzo yedzidzo (1947) yakabatanidzwa nenheyo dzemikana yakaenzana, rusununguko rwedzidzo, uye kuremekedza chiremera chomunhu oga.

Muma1950 na 1960, LDP yakatsvaka mativi ourudzi akavimbika, akadai sedzidzo yetsika (shūshin) nemireza nenziyo muzvikoro, kazhinji kazhinji yakatarisana nechishoro chinotyisa kubva kumapati okuruboshwe naMadzidzisi veJapan Union (Nikkyōso). Vana 1980 vakaona pesvedzero dzechinjo dzechikwata pasi peyapanguva iyeyo yaPrimia, Yasuro Nakasone, uyo akatsigira nokuda kwedereging, pritation, uye kuchengetwa kwavanhu “vatsvairwa” kuti vakwikwikwidze upfumi hwokumadokero. Rex'Diae . “Relax Education dertion" (yuriqueyōuik) nhambo yenguva yapachikoro, nguva yapashure yezvidzidzo zvakacherwa.

Rumwe norumwe rwaaya madanho rwakaumbwa nesimba rine mwero ramasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Kukurumidza kweLDP kwakakubvumira kuroverera chiono chako padzidzo, asi mapoka anoshora, zvikurukuru Japan Socialist Party (pashure peCDP) neJapan Communist Party Party, zvakashandisa pesvedzero kupfurikidza nekurukurirano yeparamende, hurumende yomunzvimbomo, uye midzi youswa. Kunzwisisa uyu mutambo wenhau kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa gakavadzano dzazvino uno.

Mapati Makuru Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezera Rawo Redzidzo

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Gamuchidzano, Kukwikwidzana, uye Kudzora Kwapakati

LDP yakatonga Japan kweyakawanda zvikurusa yenhambo yapashure pehondo, zvimwe mumubatanidzwa naKomeito. chikuva chayo chedzidzo chinosimbisa nguva dzose shongwe nhatu: kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kworudzi, kusimudzira makwikwi amarudzi ose kupfurikidza nedzidzo yeSTEM, uye kuchengeta kutarisira kukuru kwemipimo yedzidzo.

Chinjo huru yeLDP-driven inobatanidza kudzokororwa kwa2006 kweNational Law of Education, uko kwakawedzera zvitsauko pamusoro pe “kuda nyika” uye“ kuremekedza tsika netsika,” kudzosa simbiso yapashure pehondo yomunhu oga. LDP yakatsigirawo dzidzo yetsika yapamutemo yakatanga muchikoro chepuraimari, kuraira kwokumanikidzirwa kwenziyo yerudzi, uye bhuku rinodzora zvikuru rinoyera iro rinorerutsa utsinye hwehondo. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, LDP yakapfuudzira nokuda kwemiitiro yakawedzerwa musayenzi, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uinjiniya, uye masvoredhia (STM), kuwedzerwa pamusitiri wechito, uye kusimudzwa kwe [[FLT:]“ GGAI chikoro chemitengo yehondo yehondo yehondo yehondo. [FFF1], chirongwa chezvigadzirwa zvevadzidzi chese chapamusoro.

ZVEmukati, LDP ine “Dare redzidzo” rine simba mukati meMusangano wayo wePuric Research Council, iyo inoronga zvikarakadzo zvokuchinja izvo zvinowanzova zvikwereti zvehurumende. LDP yakatanhamara yakadai saaichimbova Mutungamiriri wePrimente Shinzo Abe yakaita dzidzo chiratidzo chekukura kwake, ichitaura kuti kukura kwomunhu kwakanga kuchikosha nokuda kwokumutsidzirazve upfumi hweJapan. Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa mafungire eLDP anotsoropodza, anoisa kubatana kwetsika, uye anoisa kupfupikisa kupfupikisa kwapamhina kwetsika nokusimbisa kunyora nokunyora pepa kuti akurumidze kuongorora mari yokupinda mumasuo.

Constitution Democraticism Party (CDP): Progressism, Inclusion, uye Uromania yeLocal Autonomy

CDP, yakaumbwa muna 2017 kubva pakubatanidzwa kwemapoka akati kuti echipringi, inomira sechinotsiva zvikuru patsika yedzidzo yeLDP. Vatsigiri vebato racho vegadziriro yedzidzo yevadzidzi, inobatanidza, uye yehurumende yeruzhinji. Chikuva chavo chinowanzovakira panhaka yeJapan Socialist Party yeJapan, iyo yakabata simba kwenguva pfupi kubva muna 2009 kusvika muna 2012.

CDP zvinotanga zvinosanganisira kuderedza dzvinyiriro yezvidzidzo zvepayunivhesiti zvinodzorwa nedzidzo yetsika yakakwirira. CDP inosimudzira kuchinja kuchinja kuendesa kuvadzidzisi kupfurikidza nemitoo yokupinda nayo, inowedzera kuzvidzora, uye kuisa zvinhu zvakawanda kudzidzo chaiyo yapashure. Mubato wacho wave uchishora nguva dzose zvidzidzo zvetsika dzinodikanwa zveLDP, uchiikwidziridza vadzidzi mipimo yehurumende. CDP inotsigirawo chinjo dzokutaura kumusha womudzidzisi, zvakadai sokuderedza mitoro yokudzora, kuderedza nguva yokushanda, uye kuhaya vashandi vazhinji vanotsigira.

Mukati mehurumende yeG95-2012 DPJ, mubato wakaedza kuderedza dzidzo kupfurikidza nokupa makambani ezvikoro omunzvimbomo uchenjeri hukuru pakurovha nokushandisa mari. Nepo zvizhinji zvezviito izvi zvakadzorwa gare gare pasi peLDP, CDP inopfuurira kumanikidzira nokuda kwokutarisirwa kwechikoro chakavakirwa panzanga uye kusununguka kwemipimo yetendero yebhuku. Phondo yacho inosimbisawo dzidzo yorugare, inoratidzira midziro yayo inopesana nemitemo, uye yakadana nokuda kwenhau dzakaisvonaka dzenhau dziri mumabhuku. Pachikamu chamarudzi ose, CDP inotsigira [[FLT:]UNCO’S] dzidzo yezvigaro zvenyika yose yedzidzo yekodzero yokuvandaunzi

Komeito: Chitendero Chinochengetedza

Sezvo mukwanyina muduku weLDP wemubatanidzwa weboka wakaderera chifo cha 1999, Komeito anowanzodzikamisa purogiramu yedzidzo inotonga. Akatanga padzidziso dzechiBuddha cheNichiren kubudis kupfurikidza nesanganowo zvaro Soka Gakkai, Komeito History inosimbisa rugare, kodzero dzavanhu, uye kukura kwomunhu wose. Boka racho rakatsigira nokuda kwegadziriro dzinowedzera dzinorwisana nedzidzo, tsigiro yepfungwa muzvikoro, uye dzidzo yekodzero dzavanhu. Komeito anotsigirawo kuita kuti dzidzo ive inosvikika zvikuru, kubatanidza kupfuudza nokuwedzera mari uye kukura kwemhuri dzinowana mari shoma.

Komeito inogona kuonekwa mukupfuura kwomutemo wa2019 kuti ideredze kudheerera, kwakaraira vapi vezano vechikoro uye mitoo iri nani yokushuma. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mubato wacho wakatsigirawo “kudzidza kwokushingaira”, uko kunokurudzira kurukurirano nechinetso pamusoro pokusaita zvokudzokorora. Nepo Komeito anowanzotsigira simbiso yeLDP parudzi, yakadzivisa kunyanyisa urudzi, zvakadai sokushandiswa kwe“ kukudzwa kwehondo” mumabhuku. Basa rebato kazhinji kazhinji ndero kuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wedzidzo yemubatanidzwa unoramba uchitsigirwa munzanga uye kudzivisa gakavadzano iyo PDP ingagona kubvisa maguta uye pwere inovhotera.

Mimwe Mitambo: Nippon Ishin, JCP, uye Mitambo Yakasiyana - siyana

Nippon Ishin (Japan Innovation Party), yakavakirwa munharaunda yeKansai, vatsigiri nokuda kwokuva noruterano rukuru, kubatanidza kubviswa kwenhungamiro dzazvino uno uye kubvumira nzanga dzomunzvimbomo kusarudza zviri mukati medzidzo yavo vamene. Vatsigiri veboka racho “vakavakirwa padanho redzidzo” mudzidzisi nokusarudza chikoro, vachifuridzwa nemifananidzo yeAmerica yetsika dzechikoro. Chikwata cheKomonisiti yeKomonisiti yeJapan (JCP), nepo chiri chiduku, chine chinyorwa chinowirirana chezvikamu zvose zvehondo nedzidzo yenyika. Kunodawo kubviswa kwakakwana kwedzidzo yetsika nedzoreso yeboka rechikoro chomunzvimbomo. JCPPFFF inodawo kuderedzwa kukuru mumiosa yedzidzo yavose. Mamwe mapoka maduku, seRewa Shinmisen, vadzidzi vedzidzo yepachena uye vadzidzi vedzidzo yedzidzo yapachena.

Dzidzo Huru Nemasimba Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Aidzitevera

Kuchinja Kwedzidzo Yetsika kwa 2015: Urudzi Mukirasi

Chimwe chezvinjo dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa dzegadziriro yeAbe kwakanga kuri kukwidziridzwa kwedzidzo yetsika kubva ku “nguva” kusvikira kumusoro wetsika, wemagiredhi muna 2015. LDP yakataura kuti ikoku kwaidikanwa kuroverera mipimo yetsika ndokurwisa zvinetso zvenzanga zvakadai sokushusha nokusakendenga. Vatsoropodzi, kubatanidza CDP, JCP, uye vadzidzi vazhinji, vaizoinyevera kuti yaizoshandiswa kusimudzira kutsigira nyika nokuvandudza kwenhau. Dzidzidzo itsva dzinobatanidza misoro yakadai se “rudo rwenyika,” uye“ kuzivikanwa kwegamuchidzanwa,” uye “kuzvibaira nokuda kwokuzvibayira.[no] Kometo] vimbisa kuti madudziro ezvamatongerwe enyika aisazoraira, kushambadza kushatsatisisa. Mabhodhi emo uye vadzidzi vakaparapatirira kuidzika kupfumbadzira pasina kukanganisa kukanganisa kusha kwehurumende.

Entrance Exam Reformations: Betwiteth Faithism and Reformation

Makwikwi anotyisa okupindwa muyunivhesiti dzapamusoro ave ari manyuko edzvinyiriro nekusaenzana muJapan. LDP yakadzivisa kare chinjo huru kugadziriro yebvunzo, ichitya kurasikirwa nefanidzo. Zvisinei, muna 2018, hurumende yakazivisa gadziriro yokutsiva National Center Asting ne “Cmon Test” iyo yaizobatanidza mibvunzo nemabasa okunzvera kufunga kwakakomba nechinetso. Chinjo yakanonotswa uye yakaderedzwa pashure pokupikiswa navadzidzisi, uye kunyange mukati meLDP, iyo inonetseka pamusoro pemari inotengwa neruramisiro. CDP yakasimudzira nokuda kwekuderera kukuru kukuru kwechekero, kutsigira nokuda kwenzira kwakawanda kwokupinda nokupinda mutevedzero, dare rinoyera, rinoyera, uye kubvunzurudzwa. Kupesana kwakabuda “pamberi pakati pezvikamu zvechienzi nerevoruzhinji zvechiNgeri mumutauro cheGene.

Kushandiswa Kwezvidhina uye Chirongwa cheChikoro cheGIGA: A Rare Bipartisan Consensus

COVID-19 yakafumura kukamukana kwemitemo muzvikoro zveJapan, uko vakawanda vakanga vasina zvishandiso zvakakwana nokupinda paInternet. Hurumende yeLDPrged yakapindura neGIRIGA School Program, mabhiriyoni 360 000 okupa mutambo mumwe kana kuti taputi pavadzidzi paMarch 2023. Zvose zviri zviviri LDP neCDP zvakatsigira nhamburiko iyi, kunyange zvazvo zvakasiana mukusimbisa. LDP yakaidzwa sechishandiso chemibato yemakwikwikwikwikwi uye kushandurwa kwemifungo, nepo CDP yakasimbisa kurovedzwa kwemabhirijini nemudzidzisi. Kometo yakasunda kubatanidza intersecurity nedziviriro zvakavanzika. Somupidhinga yehurumende inofanira kubuda nokukurumidza zvikuru uye zvinova chinhu chokudzidza. Zvisinei, nguva inopfuurira pamusoro pemascmhindio, uye basa remabhizinesi mukirasi yemabhiridhinyo inoratidzwa mukirasi. Kometo inoto inotongedza kudzosera kudzo yehurumende kana kuti idzongedzese.

Mamiriro Ebasa Omudzidzisi Nehondo Yenyanzvi Dzezvokurapa

Vadzidzisi veJapan vanotambura nokushanda zvikuru kwenguva refu, muripo wakaderera pamusoro pedzimwe nyanzvi, uye mwero yakakwirira yokuneta. CDP yakaita kuti garikano yomudzidzisi ive nhau yokusaina, ichiisa makapu yapamutemo pauremu, ichipinza vashandi vazhinji, uye ichideredza mabasa okutarisira anomanikidzirwa. LDP, nepo ichibvuma chinetso chacho, yave ichizengurira kuwedzera dzidzo inotedzerwa, ichida kuvimba ne “chinjo dzinobudirira” nenhamburiko dzokuzvidira. JCP inopfuurira, ichiraira kuderera kukuru muukuru hweboka kuvadzidzi 20 kana kuti vashoma. RDP. P.K.KP.Komito yemiss aidzo inotoita kuti vanhu vashande mutemo mu 2019 kupfuudza vadzidzi nguva yakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Mubatanidzwa, zvikurukuru neCD neJCP, unopfuurira kusimbisa mira mberi nokuda kwenhau inoto huru zvikuru nokuda kwekutokutosha vanhu vanoshanda, kutotototototoita vanhu vaduku.

Basa Rehurumende Nemapoka Anofarira Mugadziriro Yepaboka

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika haashandi ari muchinhu chisiri chinhu. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) inoita basa guru mukunyora zvikwereti, kugadza nhungamiro dzedzidzo, uye kudzora bhuku. Vezvamatongerwe enyika vanowanzokudziridza batano dzapedyo naMEXT bureaucats, asi ukama hwacho hahusi unongova bedzi humwe hwemirairo. Vashandi vehurumende vanogona kushandisa purogiramu yebato kupfurikidza nokupa miganhuro yemibato nemiitiro yetsika. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mapoka efariro akarongwa, seJapan Teachersso Union (Nikōso) uye Federation of Economic Organizations (Kadrenren), masangano edzidzo, masangano edzidzo, uye masangano echiNgezi kupfurikidza negadziriro yezvirongwa zvechiNgezi, anoumba reze, uye migove yezvirongwa zvechiNgekito, zvinoumba zvechiNgezi, zvinoumba zvechiNgeziro, zvinoumba zvechiNgezi, zvinoumba.

Mabhodhi ezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo akasarudzwa neyazvimirira nepesvedzero yenzvimbo yeIndaneti yeIndaneti yeIndal Autonomy Law(*). Pakadzora hurumende dzehurumende kana kuti dzemanisiparati, vanogona kushandisa mitemo inofambira mberi inodenha mirairo mikuru, yakadai sokuramba kugamuchira zvikamu zvedzidzo yetsika kana kuti kupa dzidzo yevatano yakasiyana. Ikoku kunoparira basa rakaganhurirwa rokushandisa muJapan, kunyange mukati megadziriro imwe cheteyo yenyika.

Kuenzanisa Kwakaita Matongerwe Enyika eBoka reJapan Nedzimwe Nyika

Mukusafanana muUnited States, umo dzidzo iri zvikurukuru nyika nehurumende yomunzvimbomo, Japan inochengeta udzori hwakasimba pamusoro pezvidzidzo nemabhuku, ichiita kuti makwikwi ebato renyika yose ave echiitwe. Mukupesana neUnited Kingdom, apo mapoka eLabour neConservation akachinjana nezvinochinja zvikuru kuzvivako zvechikoro (masangano, zvikoro zvakasununguka), Japan yakachengeta tsika yavose yakatsiga negadziridzo duku duku. Mutezo weLDP weP inoparira chinjo huru pane kunyanyisa, kunze kwenhambo dzehurumende inoshora yakarongeka, somuna 2009-2012. Zvisinei, ukurunako kweCDP dzinotamburira kupfurikidza nokushanda kwayo mukurukurirano yadzokororongedzerwa kwemarudzi ose. Basa reKomeritirome inoparira kuchinja kwakatanhamara pakati penyika inodzoro, kunze kwenhambo dzechipoteshi yehurumende yokusaririra kutendeka kwesimba renyika dzenyika dzenyika yose.

Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi Yedzidzo Yechinjo muArena yePolitical yeJapan

Japan inotarisana nenjodzi yenhamba yavagari vemo: vakwegura nokukurumidza uye mavambo epwere anoderera achamanikidza zvikoro kusimbisa, kuderedza uwandu hwemapurani, kana kuti kupinza zita renyika. Mapati ose anobvumirana padikanwo ye “Society 5.0” ayo anobatanidza II nerobhoti mudzidzo, asi anosiana pamipimo yenzanga inofanira kuperekedza iyi nhambo yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. LDP ichapfuurira kumanikidza nokuda kwedzidzo yetsika yetsika yetsika nezivikanwoidzo yorudzi. CDP ichadzivisa kudzorwa kwapakati nezvinodikanwa zvokuderedza kusaenzana. Komeito ichatsvaka kupfavisa miganhuro yenyika uye kuvimbisa kodzero dzavanhu zvinoremekedzwa. Sezvicho, vaduku, vanowana simba renzanga neratine, PDP ingamanikidzirwa kugadziridza dzidzo yayo kuti iende kutsika. “Makapoka, seboka reReshinari, savabereki vachateerera vadzidzi, vanoona voutswa, vanoona dzidzo kuti vadzoke, kuti vadzokorokorodzatedzedzedzedzerwe.

Mumhedziso, basa ramasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika mukuumba zvirongwa zvokuvandudza dzidzo yeJapan harina kusiana kana kuti kupesana. Idi shoo huru yepfungwa, zvamatongerwe enyika zvakabatanidzwa, simba renzanga, uye dzvinyiriro yenzanga. Kubva pakudzokororwa kweChinyorwa cheMitemo chePremily School kusvikira kumifungo yemakirasi, chinjo huru iri yose ine mifungo yemabato. Vacherekedzi vanofanira kutarira kupfuura misoro yenhau kuti vanzwisise kuti chiono chebato chii chiri kudzora uye kuti ipfungwai dziri kudivirira. Sezvo Japan inofamba nenguva yemberi isina kuvikirwa, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa mumatare eDiet nemiitiro yemabato zvichavakwa kwamakumi amakore kuti zviitwe. Nokuda kwokunyungurira mumiitiro, varavi vao vehurumende vangabvunza kuti vadzore sezvakanyorwa namapepa echipomendero: [BFokiective][1][3]