Kutanga: Kubatana Kunokosha Pakati Penzanga Yehurumende Neutarisiri Hwehurumende

Mumasangano ehurumende azvino uno, ukama pakati pehurumende nevagari vayo hunoumbwa namasangano uye miitiro inovimbisa simba zvinoshandiswa nenzira ine musoro. Pamwoyo peiyi nzanga ine simba iripo nzanga yevagari vemo(masangano akasiyana nehurumende, masangano enzanga, mapoka ezvemasangano enzanga, uye masangano euswa anoshanda pasina nyika. Masangano aya anobatira sechionioni nerodhibhu, anoratidzira zvinofungwa nehurumende apo inenge ichiongorora. Murangariro wenzanga yavagari vemo hausiwo pfungwawo zvayo isinganzwisisiki; isimba rinoshanda rinosunda kujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye kutungamirira mutemo. Pasi penzanga ine simba rehurumende, kusava nouori hunova nouori, kunyengera. Nyaya iyi inonzvera kuti nzanga itsigire mitoo yavagari vemo yehurumende, uye kudzorwa kwehurumende kudzorwa kwehurumende.

Kunzwisisa nzanga Yevagari Vemo: Tsananguro, Sipo, uye Mabasa

Chaunga chavagari vemo chinowanzorondedzerwa se “chikamu chechitatu” chenzanga, chakasiana nehurumende (chikamu chokutanga) nebhizimisi (chikamu chechipiri). Chinobatanidza marudzi akawanda amasangano: masangano amabasa (NGO) asiri ehurumende, masangano avashandi, mapoka akavakirwa pakutenda, masangano ezvokufunga, masangano ezvokubereka, uye masangano anosimudzirwa munzanga. Chinoabatanidza ndiwo magariro awo okuzvidira, kuzvimirira kwawo mukudzora kwenyika, uye kuzvipira kwawo kufambisira mberi fariro dzavose panzvimbo pemhindu dzavose.

Mabasa enzanga yevagari vemo anotambanukira kupfuura kungomirira. Masangano aya anoshanda senzira dzokutora nadzo rutivi rwevagari vemo, achigonesa vanhu kutaura zvinonetsa, muitiro unopesvedzera, uye kubetsera kuita zvisarudzo. Anoshandawo savadzidzisi, achisimudzira kuziva pamusoro pekodzero, mitemo, uye miitiro yokudzora. Nhamba, nzanga yevagari vemo inoshanda secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende kupfurikidza nokuongorora zvinodiwa nevoruzhinji, kuongororwa kwemiitiro, uye kushatisa. Basa iri rokurinda rinokosha zvikurukuru mumashoko umo masangano anotarisira pamutemo, matare, kana kuti masangano anoongorora anoderera kana kuti anobatira pamwe chete.

Zvirongwa zvenyika zvinoziva ukoshi hwenzanga yevagari vemo. Somuenzaniso, Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose rinosimbisa basa renzanga yevagari vemo mukuwana nharidzano dzinobudirira, zvikurukuru Njodzi 16, iyo inoda nzanga dzine rugare, dzakarurama, uye dzinobatanidza dzine masangano akasimba. Nenzira yakafanana, African Union neEurope Union zvine miitiro yekubatanidzwa kwenzanga mukudzora uye kutarisirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Uku kutsigira kunosimbisa kuti nzanga yevagari vemo haisati iri chinhu chinosarudzwa asi chinhu chinokosha chokuwedzera kutungamirira kwedemocracy.

Kukosha Kwoutariri hweHurumende: Chikonzero Nei Huchikosha

Kutarisira hurumende kunonongedzera kumasangano anotarisira, kuongorora, uye kumanikidza kushandiswa kwechiremera chavanhu. Kunokosha pakudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, kuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yavose inoshandiswa zvakanaka uye mutsika, uye kuchengeta chivimbo chavanhu mumasangano ehurumende. Kutarisira kunogona kuitwa nemasangano ehurumende. Kwakadai separamende, mahofisi okuongorora, mahofisi, uye masangano anodzivisa uori (8) aya masangano anoshanda bedzi sedzvinyiriro uye mashoko zvinogoverwa nenzanga.

Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoshanda mabasa anoverengeka anokosha:

  • Ubhadharo: Hunoita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire nokuda kwezviito zvavo nezvisarudzo, kuchiparira miuyo nokuda kwokusazvibata kana kuti kuregeredza.
  • Tractrect: Inomanikidza hurumende kuzarura mabasa adzo kuti dzinzvere vanhu, kuchideredza nzvimbo yezvibvumirano zvakavanzika uye simba risingaverengeki.
  • [[[FT: 0] Kushanda:[[FLT: 1] Kunobetsera kuziva tsvina, unyengeri, uye kusatarisira zvakanaka, kuchitungamirira kukugoverwa kuri nani kwemari yomutero.
  • Pariciotic: Rinogonesa vagari vemo kupinda mukutonga kupfuura sarudzo, kusimudzira tsika yokutaura kunopfuurira uye kunakidzwa.
  • Rwunosimbisa gadziriro dzapamutemo kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoshandiswa nguva dzose uye kuti hapana munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo.

Pasina utariri hwakasimba, hurumende dzinogona kutendeukira kumiitiro yechiremera, uko zvisarudzo zvinoitwa murima uye mukusabvumirana zvinodzorwa. nzanga yavagari vemo kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro pamiitiro yakadaro, ichishandisa nzvimbo yayo yokuona nayo yakatanhamara kuti ione zviratidzo zvenyevero uye inyandure kuita kwavose.

Ukama Pakati Penzanga Yehurumende Neutariri hweHurumende: Michina Netapuro

Masangano ehurumende (CSOS) anoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kuti atsigire uye asimbise kutarisira hurumende.

Kudzora uye Kudzora

CSOS anotsigira mitemo, mirau, uye chinjo dzesangano izvo zvinowedzera kujeka nokuzvidavirira. Somuenzaniso, vanosunda kupfuudzwa kwerusununguko rwezviito zvamashoko, mitemo inorwisana nouori, kurira magetsi, uye miitiro yemari yokushandisa. Munyika dzakawanda, mapoka enzanga akadzvinyirira nenzira inobudirira hurumende kuvamba mitumbi yavanhu yakazvimirira, yakadai semasangano anodzivisa uori kana kuti masangano ekodzero dzavanhu. Chibvumirano chinogona kuita chimiro chenhimberi, kutsigira zvakananga vapikishanisi, kana kuti kutora rutivi mumasangano ekurukurirano apamutemo.

Kuongorora Uye Kutarisira Mibato Yembwa

Zvichida mupiro wakananga zvikurusa wenzanga yevagari vemo kuutariri mano ayo okunzvera zviito zvehurumende nokufumura chakaipa. CSOS anoitisa nzvero dzakazvimirira, anonzvera mashoko ehurumende, uye anobudisa mishumo inojekesa nhau dzinovambira pakuputswa kwemhoteredzo kusvikira kukushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwekodzero dzavanhu. Vanopindawo mu “kunzvera kwenzanga,” umo vagari vemo vanonzvera kunaka kwemabasa avose sezvoutano, dzidzo, kana kuti zvirongwa zvemitengo. Somuenzaniso, masangano akafanana ne Transparatency International [[[FLTM:1]] yakakudziridza zvishandiso zvakafanana nePerceptions Index, iyo inoisa bhini revhuro rezvouoridzo, iyo inoshara mapepa rehurumende kuti igadzirise.

Dzidzo Yavose Nokungwarira

Hurumende inopa simba vagari vemo nezivo pamusoro pekodzero dzavo uye kushanda kwehurumende.

Kukwikwidza Vanhu Uye Kuunganidza Vanhu

Hurumende padzinokundikana kuita chimwe chinhu kumiitiro yakarongwa yokutarisira, nzanga inogona kukurudzira nzanga. Kuramba kworugare, zvikumbiro, uye fariro yavose zvishandiso izvo CSOs anoshandisa kumanikidza ngwariro panhau dzinoregeredzwa. “Arab Spring” namasangano akawanda ehurumende munyika yose anoenzanisira kuti nzanga yevagari vemo inogona kuchinja sei apo tarisiro yesangano inokundikana. Zvisinei, kuunganidza kunoshanda zvikurusa apo kunobatanidzwa nokudzorwa nokudzorwa kunopfuuridzirwa, panzvimbo pokupopotedza kwoga.

Kupomerwa uye Kuzvidavirira Kwepamutemo

CSOS yakawanda inoshandisa matare kudenha zviito zvehurumende zvinoputsa mitemo kana kuti nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Nhevedzo yakarongwa yakadai sokubvisa mhindu yavose kuti itsigire mirau yemhoteredzo kana kuti kumisa nyika isiri yapamutemo inobata hwunogona kumanikidza hurumende kuti dziwirirane nemipimo yapamutemo. Masangano akafanana ne maruramiro eHuman Watch uye [FLT:] Amnety International[[] kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anotsigira nhau dzakadaro uye anoshandisa kunzvera kwavo kuzivisa zvibvumikiso zvapamutemo.

Kushandira Pamwe Nemitumbi Yakatarisirwa Nevakuru - vakuru

Kutarisira kunobudirira kunowanzoda kuti vanhu vashande pamwe chete nemasangano ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, CSOS inogona kupa uchapupu kumatare eparamende, kubatsira mahofisi okuongorora mashoko pakuongorora mashoko, kana kuti kunoshanda semarekodhi emashoko. Mune dzimwe nyika, vamiririri vehurumende vanogara pamadare anotarisira kana kuti matare anorambidza uori.

Kuongorora Zvakaitika Kunzanga Yevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete Kunokanganisa Kutarisira Kwehurumende

Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidzira kuti chaunga chevagari vemo chakaumba sei tarisiro yehurumende kupota nyika.

Nyika Dzose Dzinoona Zvakanaka Nesangano Rinorwisa Uori Munyika Yose

Rakavambwa muna 1993, Transparency International (TI) sangano revagari vemo rakakurumbira rakatsaurirwa kurwisa uori. Kupfurikidza namaganhuro aro enyika, TI inonzvera kutendeseka kwehurumende, vatsigiri vechinjo dzapamutemo, uye rinobudisa uori hunodudzwa zvikuru. Munyika dzakadai seIndia, basa reTi rakabetsera kusunda Right to Information Act, iyo yakapa vagari vemo simba rokuraira marekodhi ehurumende. MuKenya, kunzvera kweTi kwapachena kufumura zvikanganiso kwakatungamirira kukuchinja kwemitemo. Mano esangano kubatana nokunzvera neIndia.

Kodzero Dzevanhu Nesimba Rokushuma

Human Rights Watch (HRW) inonzvera kusabatwa zvisina kufanira munyika yose uye nhau dzine udzame hwemishumo iyo hurumende dzinodzvinyirira kuita chiito. Muna 2018, chinyorwa chaHRW cheutsinye muMyanmar chakabetsera kunyandura zvirango zvamarudzi ose nenzvero yokuparadza rudzi. MuLatin America, HRW yakaongorora masimba masimba amapurisa, uori hwedare, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji kuchigovera ufakazi hunoshandiswa namasangano ekodzero dzavanhu dzomunharaunda. Kupfurikidza nokusimudzira kuziva nyika yose uye vapari vemhosva, HRW inoparira mutengo unogona kupesvedzera tsika dzehurumende, kunyange apo kutarisira kwemhuri kunenge kusina kusimba.

Nyika Dzose dzeAmnesty Nemadhirosi

Amnesty International (AI) inozivikanwa nokuda kwenhimbe dzayo dzenyika yose, dzakadai se “Bharani nokuda kwekodzero,” iyo inosimudzira mamiriyoni evanhu kuti vadzorere hurumende panhau dzakati. Nzvero yaAl pamusoro pokushandiswa kwokutambudza, kusungwa kwokuzvidira, uye ganhuriro pakutaura zvakasununguka zvakatungamirira kukuchinja kwemitemo uye kusunungurwa kwevasungwa. Kuwedzera kukuva pamutemo, AI inotsigira mapoka enzanga, ichivabetsera kuvaka simba rokutarisira nokushuma kodzero dzavanhu.

MaGO Omunzvimbomo: Ma Grassroot anozvidavirira kumabasa

Kupfuura mahombe enyika yose, zviuru zvemasangano omunzvimbomo zvinopinda mubasa routariri zuva riri rose. muBrazil, NGO Contas Abertas inotarisira kushandwa kwemari yavose uye inogovera vagari vemo kunzvera kuri nyore kutemwa kwemari. MuPhilippines, Bantata [[FLT]] KiLT] [ [INHAU]] inoshanda kuvimbisa kuti mari inopfumbarira nzanga dzinobetsera nzanga kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwakajeka. MuNigeria, [[FG.FLT:] chikuva chitima chinoshandisa mashoko okuzarura mari uye unyanzvi hwemapiyona kuti zvibvumire vagarika basa risati raitwa nevo. Iyi mienzaniso inopfurira kutungamirira nzanga inoshanda zvikuru mundima dzinoshanda mundima dzakapoteredza.

Matambudziko Akasangana Nenzanga Yevagari Vomunyika Mukusimudzira Kutarisira

Pasinei zvapo nebasa rawo rinokosha, masangano enzanga anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvinogona kuvhiringidza kubudirira kwawo.

Kudzvinyirirwa Kwehurumende Neganhuriro Dzapamutemo

Munyika dzakawanda, hurumende dzinorangarira nzanga yavagari vemo yakazvimirira setyisidziro uye dzinopindura nezviito zvinodzvinyirira. Mitemo inoda CSOs kunyoresa nehurumende, ganhuriro pamari yokumwe, uye gadziriro dzechengeteko dzamarudzi dzisina kujeka dzinoshandiswa kunyaradza vatsoropodzi. Muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa, vashingairi vanonetswa, vanosungwa, kana kuti vanourawa. Somuenzaniso, muRussia, “mumiriri wehurumende” akamanikidzira NGOs kumisa mabasa kana kuti kuva pedyo. MuHungary, mutemo unoraira masangano anogamuchira mari yokumwe nyika wakaganhurira mano awo okutarisira hurumende. Zvimiro zvakadaro hazvisati zvichingodzvinyirira bedzi asi zvinobvisa chivimbo chavose mumurangariro chaiwo wokutonga kwazviga.

Kutsigira Varapi uye Kuvimba Nevamwe

CSOS zhinjisa dzinovimba nezvipo zvinobva kunheyo, vapi vemipiro, kana kuti masangano amarudzi ose. Mari inowanzova nguva pfupi, yakavakirwa pagadziriro, uye yakabatanidzwa nezvinokosha zvakati, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvinangwa zvomunzvimbomo. Uyezve, apo mari inoderedzwa (panotsamira pamitengo yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti kuneta kwomupi) kungava kunofanira kukwira nokuderera kana kuti kuva pedyo, kurasikirwa neyeuko yesangano nounyanzvi. COVID-19 yakatsiva chinetso ichi, sezvo vapi vazhinji vanodzosera mari vanodzoserwa kumhinduro dzoutano. Kubetsera kunoramba kuri denho yenguva dzose nokuda kwenzanga yavagari vemo pasi pose.

Zvinofungwa Nevanhu uye Zvinoita

Vamwe vagari vemo vanorangarira CSOs nenyumwiro, vachivaona savakakwirira, vakakurumbira, vakabatanidzwa, kana kuti vakawiriraniswa nefariro dzakati dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupomerwa kworusaruro kana kuti kusaoneka pakati peCSOs vamene kunogona kusekesa chiremera chavo chetsika. Mukuwedzera, munzanga dzakaparadzana, CSOs iyo inodenha hurumende inganzi haina ruvengo kana kuti vamiriri vamasimba okumwe. Kuvaka nokuchengeta kuvimbika kunoda kutendeseka kunowirirana, kurukurirano yakajeka, uye simba rinoratidzirwa.

Kuparadzana uye Kubatana Mune Zvokunamata

Chikamu chenzanga yevagari vemo chinowanzoparadzaniswa, namasangano maduku akawanda anoshanda panhau dzakafanana pasina kubatana. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukuitwa kwenhamburiko, pfuma inoshandiswa, uye inzwi risina simba zvikuru. Makwikwi okutsigira mari angaodzawo batira pamwe. Masangano akasimba nemubatanidzwa zvinodikanwa kuti pave nesimba guru, asi kuvaka chivimbo uye kuronga zvinoda nguva nenhamburiko zvinoda kunyanya kuchinja nokukurumidza mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika.

Kutyisidzira Nekuchengeteka Mumadhigirii

Sezvo CSO inowedzera kushandisa maturusi emagetsi nokuda kwokuongorora nokushandisa zvirongwa zvemari, inova vanyajambwa vokunzverwa, kucherwa, uye kusazivikanwa. Hurumende dzingashandisa vasori kutevera vatsigiri, kana kuti kutanga nhimbe dzepaIndaneti kuti dzizvishore. Kurwisa kwemakombiyuta kungabvumiranisa panzvimbo yemashoko anokurumidza kuzivikanwa pamusoro pevapfuridzi kana kuti vanyajambwa vokubatwa zvisina kufanira. Masangano akawanda haana pfuma yokuzvidzivirira zvakakwana, zvichiita kuti kuva kwoungwaru kwezvamagariro hunowedzera nokuda kwokubudirira kwenzanga.

Kuedza Kusimbisa Basa Renzanga Yevanhu Vemo Mukutarisira

Kuti akunde matambudziko aya uye kuti awedzere kukanganisa kwaanoita, masangano ehurumende nevatsigiri vawo vanogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana.

Kuvaka Zvinzwano Nemanetwork

Kubatanidza manzwi nezviwanikwa. CSOS inofanira kuumba zvikwata zvinobatanidzwa panharidzano dzinogoveranwa “‘ dzakadai sehurumende yakazaruka kana kuti antious(apos) uye kupinda musonganiro yesangano, nzvero, uye shopu. Manetwork anogonawo kugovera tsigiro, zivo, uye dziviriro mudzvinyiriro. Semuenzaniso, inounza hurumende nenzanga yehurumende kuti zviite misengwa yokuvandudza, kuvamba chiteshi chakagadzirwa chakarongwa nokuda kwokubatira pamwe.

Kushanda Muchivako Chine Basa

Masangano anoda unyanzvi mukunzvera, kunzvera mashoko, unyanzvi hwepamutemo, unyanzvi hwetsika, uye chengeteko yemichina. Vashandisi navatsimba vanofanira kuisa mipiro yenguva refu yokuvaka, kwete mari yokushandisa. Zvirongwa zvokurovedza, kupiwa mazano, uye kuchinjana kwavezerana zvinogona kubatsira CSOs kuti akwanise kushandirana asingarasiki. Kusimbisa kudzora kwomukati nokuzvidavirira mukati meCSOs zvinokoshawo kuti zvivimbwe.

Kubatanidza Masangano Avose Neokuvaka

Kudzora kunotsigirwa zvikuru apo kunorayirwa nemuzinda wakafara wevagari vemo. CSOS inofanira kuisa mari mukutsvaka vanhu, kushandisa zvinobudisa nhau, redhiyo, uye zvinoitika zvavose kuita kuti nhau dzokutarisira dzisvike uye dzisadzore. Zvishandiso zviduku zvakadai semapurogiramu anofambirwa nemotokari nokuda kwokushuma uori kana kuti mapepa enzanga ezvirongwa zvehurumende zvinogona kuita kuti vagari vemo vasare vachishanda vave vatarisiri vanoshingaira. Vagari vemo vakawanda vanonzwa kuti kutarisira mutoro wavo, kuoma kukuva kuti hurumende dzizvifuratire.

Kutsigira Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Nemhoteredzo Dzinoderera

CSOS inofanira kutsigira kwete bedzi mitemo chaiyo asiwo gadziriro yapamutemo inodzivirira kuvapo kwavo vamene.Iyi inobatanidza mitemo inovimbisa rusununguko rwesonganiro, kutaura, uye gungano, pamwe chete nedziviriro nokuda kwavaridzi veridzo nedziviriro dzamaruramiro avanhu.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemashoko Zvinocheneswa

Maturusi emagetsi akachinja utarisiro. CSOS anogona kushandisa zvikamu zvakavhurika zvemashoko kutevera mari inopedzwa nehurumende, mifananidzo yesatellite kuongorora kutevedzerwa kwemhoteredzo, uye brockchain kuti ichengetedze cheni dzinoiswa. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu harusi chinhu chinopangwa; runofanira kubatanidzwa nokunzvera munhu uye kuyera. CSOS inofanirawo kushanda kuti ivhare muganhu wemakombiyuta, kuvimbisa kuti ruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa hakudzivisi nzanga dzisina kudzivirirwa. World Justice Project inogovera mitemo yetsika yomutemo inogona kubetsera CSOsbel project tration tration yazvokufambisa vhinzi yavo.

Manyuko Okugovera Mari Kuparadzanisa

Kuderedza kutsamirana, CSOS inofanira kunzvera mari dzakasiyana- siyana: kubetserana kwemhuri, kufadza vanhu, mari yemitezo, uye mabhizimisi enzanga. Kuvaka mavambo evapi vaduku (asi nguva dzose) kunogona kugovera dzikamo yemari uyewo kuwedzera kuvimbisana kwavanhu. Hurumende dzinoshanda muhurumende dzinotonga dzinogonawo kugadzira mari yokuzvimirira nokuda kwenzanga, dzichishandisa muitiro unojeka uye wakareba zvombo kudzivisa kudzorwa.

mhedziso

Chaunga chavagari vemo hachisi chinhu choumbozha chehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakatsiga; chinodikanwa kuti hurumende ipi neipi ide kuva inozvidavirira, inopa miuyo, uye inogamuchira. Miitiro youtariri(advocacy), kuongorora, dzidzo, kuunganidza, uye mubatanidzwa (inongova bedzi yakasimba samasangano anozvishandisa. apo nzanga inobudirira, hurumende dzine bviro huru yokuteerera mutemo, kugovera zvakanaka, uye kuremekedza maruramiro avagari vemo. Apo inodzvinyirirwa, suo rinozarura kurangwa nokubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Zvinetso zvinorondedzerwa munyaya ino ndezvechokwadi uye zvinokura, asi hazvikundiki. Nokuvaka mibatanidzwa, kuisa basa, kutsigira voruzhinji, kutsigira mitemo, uye kuumba ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, nzanga yevagari vemo inogona kupfuurira kushanduka nokuchinja. Nharidzano huru ndeyokusangofumura zvakaipa asi kuumba tsika yezvematongerwe enyika umo utariri hunova muitiro uye hunotarisirwa. Mupfungwa iyoyo, basa renzanga yevagari vemo nderokukurumidza uye kwenguva refu: inochengeta hurumende iripo ichiongorora apo inoumba nguva yemberi yokutonga kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Savagari vemo vemo, vanotsigira nzanga kupfurikidza nemipiro, kuzvipira, kana kuti kungogara vakaziviswa nenzira dzinobudirira zvikurusa kuvimbisa kuti hurumende ive mubatiri, kwete tenzi.