Kunzwisisa Kuoma Kwakaita Kufurira

Nzvero inomanikidzira haisi nzvero yapamutemo. Kusafanana nenzvero yapachokwadi yemurangariro, iyo inovavarira kuunganidza mashoko asina kusarura, nzvero icherekedzo yezvamatongerwe enyika chishandiso chekurukurirano yakavanzika senzvero. Inowanzovamba ne “kushatisa” manyoro, asi nokukurumidza kutendeukira kumitengo inoiswa mumibvunzo inokuvadza pamusoro pomutengi kana kuti miraudzo. Somuenzaniso, mukumbiri angabvunza, kana aiziva kuti Candidate Smith ataurwa nokuda kwokuvhotera mutero, izvo zvingakuita kuti uve nomukana mukuru wokuvhotera mauri? Iyi nzira inoiridza kurukurirano yakashata mundangariro yavanhu, pasinei hako kana kuti kupomerwa ichokwadi. Chibvumirano cheAmerica chePreacement (APORCEF) [FLEctal]

Nzvero dzokuvhota dzinoitwa kazhinji kazhinji ne “nhamba” kana kuti vashanyi vanorarama vanomhanya murunyoro, vachidzivisa banza ripi neripi romupinduri rokubvunza mibvunzo kana kuti ufakazi hunodikanwa. Ruzha rwekudanidzira runowanzoganhurirwa kuruwa rwakati kana kuti kuwanda, kuvhotera kana kuti kuvhota. Nemhaka yokuti danidzo dzacho ndedzipfupi uye mutsigiri kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji akavanzika seboka renzvero yakazvimirira risingawanzoziva kuti dzakashandiswa. Ichi chimiro chinonyengera chinoparira kuvhotera chimiro cheparadzo yezvamatongerwe enyika icho chinosekesa perero yehurukuro yedemocracy.

Chikonzero Nei Kungwarira Kuchikosha Nokuda Kwoutongi Hunosarudzwa Navanhu

Kuvadziko inoparirwa nenzvero dzinosundwa inotambanuka kupfuura nhambo imwe yokuvhota. Apo vavhoti vanoratidzirwa kumashoko asina kushatiswa kana kuti akamonyaniswa, chivimbo chavo mumuitiro wevhota chinoparadzwa. Nzvero 2019 nePew Research Center yakawanikwa kuti vanopfuura hafu yevagari veAmerica vanodavira mashoko asina kururama ane “nenehasha” kana kuti“ pesvedzero huru pamiuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika [[. Kunzvera kwokumanikidza kunonyandura iyi kombano kupfurikidza nenhau dzenhema pasi pesayenzi. Pasi pokuziva kwakapararira, kunyange vagari vemo vanosanoziva vangapesvedzerwa nemibvunzo iyo inonzwa senzvero asi inoitirwa zvomenemene kuti vachinjire ndangariro dzavo.

Ndyiko yakaderera nengozi yakaderera yenzvero dzokumanikidzira dzinovaita chishandiso chinokwezva nokuda kwenhimbe dzokupererwa nezano. Kusafanana nokushambadzira kwamagamuchidzanwa, uko kunogona kucherekedzwa nokupindurwa pachena, kumanikidza kuvhota kunoshanda mumimvuri, kusvika vavhoti mukurukurirano dzapafoni dzavanhu. Chiyereso bedzi chinoshanda inzanga inogona kuziva nokudzingadzinga iyi mitoo isati yadzika midzi. Naizvozvo mirairo yedzidzo haisati iriwo zvayo chinhu chakaisvonaka chokuvakira nokuda kwehurumende inotonga yavanhu vane utano.

Kuvaka Mushandirapamwe Wedzidzo: Zvikoro

Kuverenga Nokunyora Muzvikoro

Chinodzivisa zvikurusa kunzvera kwokumanikidzira ndiko kuva necherekedzo yapakuvamba yokufunga kwokutsoropodza pamusoro pemitoo yokunzvera. Zvikoro zvinogona kubatanidza mayuniti etsika dzokunzvera, tsvusvuro, uye musiano pakati peyereso yemifungo nokushandisa pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, vadzidzi vanogona kunzvera manyoro ezvinonzvera chaizvoizvo (kana mashoko akabviswa) ndokuaenzanisa namanyoro kubva mukunzvera kwapamutemo kunoitwa navanzveri vakakurumbira seGallup kana kuti Pew Research Center. Iyi nzira inodzidzisa vadzidzi kuziva mibvunzo inotungamirira, kumanikidza kunyora mapepa, uye kusavapo kwemibvunzo mitsvuku inoongororwa inoiswa pakunzvera.

Kupinza aya mashoko mumakirasi ezvidzidzo zvezvinobudisa nhau kunovimbisa kuti mugari ari wose, pasinei hapo nokuti avhota, anonzwisisa unyanzvi. Masangano akadai se nokuda kweMedia Literacy[[FLT: 1] anogovera zvinhu zvamahara zvinogona kugadzirirwa chinangwa ichi. Panosvika nguva ino vavhoti vaduku vanosangana nenzvero inomanikidzirwa panzvimbo yenhimbe, vanotova nechokushandisa chendangariro chokurembera kana kuti kurasa mashoko acho.

2. Mabhazi Omunzanga Nezvirongwa Zvevanhu Vose

Nepo dzidzo yakavakirwa pachikoro ichibetsera vavhoti vomunguva yemberi, vakuru vanotova mudikanwo yavavhoti inosvikika, mashoko anokurumidza. Masangano eNonpartis, maraibhurari, uye nzvimbo dzenzanga zvinogona kuva nenzvimbo dzokushandira dzinotsanangura kumanikidza kuvhota nomutauro wakajeka. Marusando anobatira:

  • Musiyano uri pakati penzvero yemurangariro, nzvero yokunzvera yezvokutengeserana, uye nzvero yokumanikidza.
  • Zviratidzo zvinonyevera zvinozivikanwa: munhu anoridza runhare anoramba kupa zita romutsigiri, mibvunzo inotanga ne “kana waiziva...”, uye manyoro asingabvunzi pamusoro pechiverengero chavagari vemo.
  • Nzira yokupindura nayo: Anoramba nenzira yokuremekedza kupindura, kumbira zita nesangano zvomushanyi, uye shuma danidzo dzinonyumwira kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende vesarudzo kana kuti Federal Communications Commission.
  • Kutamba basa rinobatsira panenge paine vanhu vanoshandisa mabhii anenge akanyorwa.

Kana vavakidzani vakagoverana zvakaitika zvokuwana kuvhota kwokumanikidzwa, unyanzvi hwacho hunorasikirwa nokukwanisa kwahwo kuparira vhiringidziko mukuparadzana. Kubudisa nhau kwemunzvimbomo kunogona kuwedzera izvi zvirongwa kupfurikidza nenhau dzinobatanidza zviratidzo zvenyevero, kuchiparira muuyo wekuwedzera.

3. Kurovedza Vatori Venhau Nokushuma Kwokuvimbika

Vatori venhau ndivo vanopa mifarwa yenhimbe, asi vazhinji havana rovedzo chaiyo mutsika dzokuvhota zvamatongerwe enyika. Zviteshi zvenhau zvinogona kukumbanirana nemitumbi yenyanzvi dzakadai seAmerican Association of Political Consurents (AAAPC) kana kuti nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzapadzidzo dzokupa makosi mapfupi nokuda kwavatori venhau. Unyanzvi hunokosha hunobatanidza:

  • Nzira yokuona nayo nzvero inosundwa apo mupfuri anopa runyoro rwokuridza runhare.
  • Kunyora mashoko echokwadi: Cherechedza kuti idhi refoni nderipi, kutsvakurudza sangano rinotsigira mari, uye kuenzanisa mabhii acho nezvinonzi zvinonzi zvinonzi zvinonzverwa.
  • Kushuma kwokungwarira: panzvimbo pokubudisa rondedzero yenhema yenzvero yokumanikidza (iyo inogona kuwedzera shoko), shuma pamusoro peidi rokuti nhimbe yokuvhota inomanikidzira iripo uye zita mubhadhari kana kuti boka riri shure kwayo.
  • Kunyorazve chinoitika chacho: kutsanangurira varavi chikonzero nei nzvero dzokumanikidza dzichikuvadza uye chavanogona kuita kana vakagamuchira imwe.

Vatori venhau vakasanorovedzwa vanogona kuchinja nhau yokuvhota ive nguva inodzidzisika panzvimbo pechinonyadzisa chinoparadzira mashoko asina kururama nokusaziva. Website APAOR inogovera bumbiro remitemo rakajeka retsika [[[FLT: 1]] iyo vatori venhau vanogona kunongedzera painonzvera kutaura kwokuvhota.

4. Kuchinja Kwezvirongwa Zvemakombiyuta uye Kushanda Kwezvinobudisa Nhau

Internet nesocial media zvinopa purojekiti yakaderera, mikoto yakakwirira yokupa mikana yokupa ngwariro. Masangano anogona kugadzira mavhidhiyo mapfupi anotsanangura pfungwa dzako, magirabhu, uye mameta anogona kugovera zviratidzo zvinonyevera nezviono zvisingakanganwiki. Somuenzaniso, vhidhiyo yesecond TikTok inogona kuratidza mukumbiri achibvunza mubvunzo apo rugwaro ruchivhura: “Iyi inzvero yesimba here? Kana ichiedza kuchinja ndangariro yako, hungu!" Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuparadzirwa kupfurikidza nemibatanidzwa yeSangano yeSarudzo yomunzvimbomo, Chinzwano cheWomen Voters, uye mapoka okurangana.

Kushambadza kwemasangano anodzorwa nevenzanga kunoitirwa kuti nyika kana kuti maruwa aonekwe nenzira yenhau kunogona kuwedzera kusvika kudzidzo. Nemhaka yokuti kumanikidza kuongorora kunowanzova kunanga kumira panzvimbo dzakati, nhimbe dzemichina dzinogonawo kuiswa panzvimbo idzodzo, kuva nechokwadi chokuti shoko rokuziva rinosvika panguva imwe cheteyo apo runhare rwokunzverwa runomanikidzira. Mubatanidzwa wekumhanya nokuronga foni unoita kuti mikoto ive rutivi runokosha rwenzira dzinoshandiswa zvikuru.

Kuyera Kunoita Nhimbe Dzokuzivisa

Kuti vatsigire kutsigira mari uye kuedza kuenzana, vadzidzisi vanofanira kuongorora kana mabhizimisi achinyatsochinja unhu.

  • Kuyeuka[[FLT: 1]: Pamberi napashure penhimbe, vavhoti vanobvunzwa kana vanoziva kuti nzvero inosunda chii. Wedzero mukuzivikanwa kwakarurama (mutoo, “danidzo inoedza kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama muchimiro chokuvhota”) inoratidzira budiriro.
  • Chiito chakashumwa: Kuronda kuti vanhu vazhinji sei vanoti vangaturika kana kuti kushuma nzvero yokumanikidzira. Nzvero dzinotevedzerwa dzinogona kuyera mwero chaiyo yokushuma, kunyange zvazvo fungidziro yokuzvishuma dzichifanira kunzi irwo.
  • .Direct mubudiriro[[FLT: 1]: Mukuedza kudzorwa, vanzveri vanogona kuedzesera kunzvera nokuedza kana kuziva kuchideredza mwero apo vapinduri vanochinja mirangariro yavo. A meta-analysis yakabudiswa mu Journal of Political Markinging[ yakawana kuti kupindira kupfupi kwekunyora nokunyora kwemashoko kwakaderedza pesvedzero yokunyengetedza no15 /30%.
  • .Complifit data[: Mabhodhi esarudzo neFCC nyunyuto dzenzira pamusoro peshanyo dzinonyumwirwa. Kukwirira kukuru pashure penhimbe yedzidzo kunogona kuva chiratidzo chokuti shoko riri kutevedzerwa, kuchisunda vagari vemo kuita chiito.

Somuenzaniso, kana kushambadza kwemakombiyuta kuchibudisa kuyeuka kukuru asi kuchibudisa mashoko mashoma, kugona kugadziridzwa kuti kuonekwe kuti kutumira mashoko kunoitwa sei uye kupi, pane kungoziva kuti kungazivikanwa sei.

Matambudziko Nemisungo Yokutarisira Kuitika

Zvipingamupinyi zvinoverengeka zvinogona kuganhurira kubudirira kwazvo:

Ngwariro Yakaderera Yakaneta uye Yakaremerwa

Mitambo inotutirwa mashoko mukati memwaka wesarudzo. Shoko rimwe pamusoro penzvero dzokukakavara rinogona kurasika nyore nyore muruzha. Mibato inofanira kudzokorora zviratidzo zvikuru zvenyevero mumikoto mizhinji uye nokufamba kwenguva. Kushandisa fashoni kana kuti kuvhara kusingakanganwiki (mutoo, “Kana kuchinzwa sechinoshatiswa munzvero, ibvunzo inosunda” inogona kusimudzira kurangarira.

Kuzviziva

Mamwe mapoka anoitisa nzvero azova anonyengera, achishandisa nhetembo dzenhamba dzakakwirira dzinodaidza nokuridza mhete kubva kunhamba dzinooneka dzomunzvimbomo. Mamwe akavamba kubatanidza muvhiyi pamugumo chaipo perunhare (pashure pokunge mibvunzo yokunyengetedza yabvunzwa. Iyi nzira inogutsa zvinodikanwa zvepamutemo mune dzimwe nyika apo vanenge vachiri kusvika nharidzano. Vadzidzisi vanofanira kuvandudza nyevero dzavo semitoo yokunzvera inopesvedzera inochinja.

Kudzivisa Kwepaparuwa

Mumhoteredzo dzakanyanyisa, vamwe vavhoti vangaramba nhimbe yedzidzo sorutivi rwegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kudzivisa ikoku, mashoko anofanira kupiwa navasiri vapartisan, manzwi omunzvimbomo anovimbwa((cbic vatungamiriri veSarudzo, kana kuti vapurofesa veyunivhesiti) kupfuura mapoka ehurumende. Kuderedza nhau yacho senhau yeperero yesarudzo, kwete betsero yebato, kunogona kuderedza kudzivisa.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Masangano asingabetseri purofiti nedziviriro dzesarudzo kazhinji kazhinji ane mari shoma. Vanofanira kusarudza kana vachizoisa mari mudzidzo yokuvhota kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvokutanga zvakadai sokunyoresa muvhoti kana kuti kurwisa mashoko paIndaneti. Kushandira pamwe namakambani enhau, marekomu, uye zviteshi zvokubatsirana zvinogona kubetsera kubhadhara mari. Somuenzaniso, kambani yerunhare inogona kupa michina inodzorwa zvinhu nezvinovhara zvinhu nepo inodzidzisawo vatengi pamusoro pokuziva nzira yokuwana nayo kuvhota.

Fundo Yenhau: Nhimbe Yokufambisa yeHurumende 2020

Muenzaniso unokosha wenhimbe yedzidzo inobudirira wakaitika mukati mesarudzo yapresidente yeU.S. muMichigan, Wisconsin, uye Pennsylvania. Mubatanidzwa wamapoka asingaparati, kubatanidza League of Women Voters neCampaign Legal Center, wakatanga fambiro mberi yakarongwa mukungwarirwa muna August 2020. Vakabudisa vhidhiyo ye 90-second yokutsanangura kuti yaibudisa panzvimbo dzetayela dzomunzvimbomo uye yaidirana munhepfekero. Vhidhiyo yacho yakaratidza runhare rwokuseka: inzwi roushamwari rinoti, “Iyi inzvero yokukurumidza (jekedzo yezvinga) yauchave wakabvira zvikuru kuvhotera nokuda kwaSmith kana ukaziva kuti akatsigira mutero unoputsa nokuda kwavapfumi?” Ipapo rugwaro rwaitsanangura zviratidzo zvenyevero.

Mubatanidzwa unoparadzirawo vapfuri panzvimbo dzenzanga ndokutanga mashoko anopisa umo vavhoti vaigona kushuma runhare runonyumwira. Mukati mevhiki rimwe rokuvhura, mutsetse unopisa wakagamuchira mishumo inopfuura 4 000. Nharo dzakasimbisa kuti vakawanda vanozivikanwa vaiwirirana namanyoro okuvhota. Mubatanidzwa wacho wakakwanisa kutaura pachena boka rokubvunza shure kwenziyo, uko kwakanyandura kufukidzwazve kwemashoko kwaiwedzera mashoko edzidzo. Post-ocompution yakawana kuti kuziva kwokuedza kunzvera pakati pezvimwe zvinenge zvavhota pakati pevavhoti mumaruwa iwayo kwakakwira kubva pa 34% kusvikira ku62 October, uye peputi yevhoti yavana vavhotera vakataura kuti vaizokwira panzverwa panzvero inonyurwa nevanonyumwirwa kubva pa 19% kusvikira ku4%.

Nepo kusingabviri kuisa miuyo yechapamupindu kunhimbe imwe, nhamburiko 2020 inoratidzira kuti nhano yedzidzo yakasanoshandiswa, inofambiswa nechakati inogona kuchinja zivo yavanhu nomufambiro munhambo pfupi. Zvinhu zvikuru zvakanga zviri kutumira mashoko kwakajeka, chivimbo chomunzvimbomo, uye mhinduro yakapfava, ingagona kuitwa (kunyora wirirano inopisa).

Mugumisiro: Mutambo Murefu Wekubudisa Manzwi

Kuvhota kwokumanikidza hakusi kupera. Chero bedzi vashandi venhimbe vachitsvaka nzira dzakachipa, dzisingasvikiki dzokunyengetedza vavhoti vasina kurongeka, mutoo wacho uchapukunyuka ndokuchinja. Mushonga wacho hausati uri kunzvera kana kuti ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu bedzi.

Nhimbe dzedzidzo ndiyo honzeri yemhinduro. Nokunyora mashoko okunyora muzvikoro, kurovedza vatori venhau, kubatanidzwa munzanga mumashopu okugadzira zvinhu, uye kushandisa maturusi emagetsi kuti tipedzisire mhedziso, tinoita kuti pave nokungwara kunosunda kuvhota kusingashandisi uye kusingafadzi. Muvhoti ari wose anoisa panzvimbo yaanonyora, mutori wenhau wose anofumura manyorerwo emashoko, mudzidzisi wose anoongorora munzvero pakati penzvero chaiyo uye kuvhotera. Ndyiko yeda inotengwa nokukurumidza inoita kuti ive democracycy yakasimba zvikuru. (nguva inotengwa, inotengwa neyamaduku zvikuru kudarika nguva refu yokurasikirwa nokuvimbwa. Nokuda kwevatsigiri vekuvimbika musaruko, basa rakajeka rakajeka, kudzidzisa dzidzo kazhinji, uye kusatongofunga kuti kuvhotera kudzivirira kunodiwa zvikuru.