Mutero inzvimbo inotangira gadziriro yokugadzira yeIndia, kuendesa mari kubva kumataundi namabasa okugadzira zvinhu kunzvimbo huru dzokumaruwa dzinooneka kuti dzinovakwa ne 65% yevagari vomunyika. Pasina kuwanda kwemitero yakatsiga, gadziriro dzokuvaka migwagwa yomumusha, kuisa mitero yemichero, uye kugovera mari yezveutano yaicharamba iri pasi pevavariro dzezvido. Kubatana pakati pemitero nokukura kwemaruwa hakusi kungovawo zvako kudzora; iko kudzora kwamaune kuri kudzora mitengo, kururamisa mitengo yemitengo yeruwa, uye kupfuuyisa mitero yemari. Nyaya inonzvera kuti zvirongwa zvemari yomumaruwa zvakasiyana, zvirongwa zvikuru zvehurumende izvo zvinotsamira pamaripo, mhinganidzo yokuunganidza, uye kuvandudza inodikanwa kuita gadziriro inowirirana.

Kukosha Kwokubhadhara Mitero Nokuda Kwekufambira Mberi Mumaruwa

Zvirongwa zvokubudirira zvokumaruwa (kubva pakuvaka migwagwa yose yemari kusvika pakutanga zvivako zvokurapa zvikuru zvinoiswa mumugwagwa uye mari inoshandiswazve. Mitero inopa mari yakawanda yehurumende dzepakati nehurumende. Mukuwirirana nezvinyorwa zvemari yemari yegore negore, mari dzemitero (kukwereta) inowanzova nheswo huru yemari inopfuura 80% yemari yose yehurumende. Chikamu chikuru chaikoku chinobviswa kuti chishande kupfurikidza nomutero weProviti yemari, iyo mipimo inoremarira zvikuru sechiverengero chavagari vemo, nharaunda, uye mari inobetserwa yavose yakabetsera varombo zvikuru, nyika dzomuruwa dzakavaruwa.

Kupfuura kusimudzirwa kwakananga, mitero inotsigirawo zvirongwa zvemitero zvinotsigirwa nepakati (CSS) zvinoda urombo hwomumaruwa, basa, uye zvirongwa. Fanince Commission[ imene inorumbidza kugoverana mitero yeUNICEF (kubatanidza mitero yebhizimisi, mutero womunhu oga, uye GST(to kuvimbisa kuti kunyange nyika dzine mari shomanene yemari yemukati inogona kupa mabasa makuru. Iyi misha yehurumende inokosha nemhaka yokuti mitumbi yomuruwa (pachatats) ine mibayiro yakaganhurirwa, inotsamira zvikurukuru pamitero yemari, mitero yomunhu oga, uye mari inobhadharwa yapamutemo. Pasi pemitero yenyika, kukurangaro yose yemitengo yomumaruwa yezvikoro kubva kumapuraneti okunze.[8]

Marudzi Emitero Inotsigira Mabasa Okumaruwa

Kunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu epasi akasiyana - siyana anoshanda sei kunobatsira sei kunzwisisa zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo.

Mutero Wemari

Mitero yemari yomunhu oga neyamakambani ndiyo mipiro mikurusa kuConstated Fund yeIndia. Chikamu chakatemwa (panguva ino 41% se 15 Commission yeMari ye 15) ideredzerwa kutevedzerwa serutivi rwedziva remitero. Madziro anorongera mari iyi kuti iende kumitezo yemitemo yemitengo yomumaruwa, yokurima, uye yegarikano. Mari inobhadharwa (somuenzaniso, mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwechikamu chenzanga) dzimwe nguva inoiswa mumichina yezvirongwa zvakafanana ne Pradhan Mantan Ari Yas . Kuwedzera, Mutengo wemari inogovera mari yokubudirira yemaruwa (g. .G. chigawo 35A, chikamu chamanyuko, zvinokachindi cheP.S

Mabhizimisi Nemasangano (GST)

GST yakatsiva mitero yakawanda isina kunanga uye mutero unogoverwa pakati peCentre nehurumende. Chikamu chehurumende GST (SGST) chinowedzera zvakananga mari yehurumende, inogona kushandiswa pamabasa omumaruwa. GST (CGST) inodiranawo mumitero yeUNICEF nokuda kwemitero inotsigirwa nenzvimbo. Kupfuura, [[FL:][0] Compensation... Cess [jeka] mitero yemitero yemafashoni nenhuro dzemazaidhirefuro nedzemari yakashandiswa kutsiva nyika nokuda kwebhadharo, kuisa mari yakasununguka nokuda kwokushandisa mari yomumaruwa. Chifo chaJuly 2017, GST yakawadza mutero munharaunda dzomumaruwa, ichiunza vatengesi vaduku uye vatengesi vemitero.

Mutero Wezvinhu

Mutero wezvinhu unounganidzwa zvikurukuru nemitumbi yomumaguta, asi mapani emisha munyika dzakawanda anopawo mitero yemisha pazvivako, nzvimbo dzedzimba, uye nzvimbo dzokurima (inowanzonzi “mutero weimba” kana kuti“ mari inobhadharwa munyika”). Nepo mutero wacho uri wakaderera, itsime rakakomba nokuda kwechikwereti chepanchayats, inopa mitero iri nani. 14 ne 15 yemari yebasa rokuita zvinhu [ inorumbidza kubhadhara mari yepani inokweverwa mari yemari inokwira mari yemari inowedzerwa kubhadha, mukubhadhara mitero iri nani yomunzvimbomo. Mushoko rakadai seKeralas neTamil, Naudha, mari yemari yemari, mari yemari yemari, mumugwagwa, uye kugovera tsvina yezvirongwa zvezvitoro.

Mitero Yezvekurima

Bumbiro reMitemo reIndia rinopa simba rokupa mitero yemari inobhadharwa, asi maruwa mazhinjisa akaisunungura kudzivirira varimi vaduku. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyika dzinoti ravy mutero wakaderera wemari inotambirwa ([FLT: 1] paminda (tea, kofi, rabha) kana kuti papurazi guru rokurima. Kubhadharwa mitero yakadaro kunoenda zvakananga kumasheketi, kazhinji kazhinji kunoiswa nokuda kwemitero yokuwedzera yourimi, kudiridza mari, uye migwagwa yomumaruwa. Mukuwedzera, mari yepanyika yepando tsika yemaswokubhadharizoro inotovapo papuraziro asi ichiripo panyika yokurima.

Mimwe Mitero NamaRevhi

Basa rokuita kuti zvinhu zvive nokunwa doro uye mutero wemotokari zvinopawo nenzira isina kunanga. Manyika anowanzogovera mugove wemari yemitengo yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwokubudirira kwomumaruwa. [[FLT:] Swachh Bharat Mission [GRAM), somuenzaniso, anogamuchira rutivi rwegoverano yehurumende yepakati yezvipo zvepetro nedhizi. Nenzira yakafanana, basa nemitengo yemitengo yezvinhu zvomumaruwa uye nzvimbo dzemaruwa dzinoshandiswa kuhurumende uye nzvimbo dzemaruwa.

Vari Kutanga Kutungamirira Hurumende Vanobhadharwa Nemitero

Hurumende yeIndia inoita mapurogiramu akawanda okubudirira kumaruwa nemari inopiwa mari yakawanda nemitero.Pazasi pane mamwe emabasa anotarisirwa nemauto anoratidza kubatana kwakaita kuunganidzwa kwomutero nemaruwa.

Mahatma Gandhi National Account Act (MGNREGA)

MGNREGA inovimbisa mazuva 100 okushanda kwemari inobhadharwa pasina unyanzvi pamusha womumaruwa. Chirongwa chacho chinodokutsigirwa chose chose nehurumende yepakati kupfurikidza namariti omutero (kubatanidza Mitemo Escs [ yakasumwa muna 2011, kunyange zvazvo gare gare yakabatanidzwa neGST cesss). MuUNION Batement 2024-25, MGREGA yakawana mugove wevanopfuura 0886 000, ichiita imwe yepurogiramu hurusasero yeurombo. Mari inoshandiswa kubhadhara mari yechisiko, kutenga zvinhu zvinobatsira (madhamudhingi, mishanga yomumaruwa), uye mutengo yokutarisira. MGREGA yakakwidza mamiriyoni evarombo zvikuru uye masangano.

Pradhan Mantri Aas Yojana (Gramin)

Iyi gadziriro yedzimba yepucca ine mibato mikuru kumhuri dzomumaruwa dzisina nzvimbo nedzisina misha. Inotsigirwa kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wemari yemari yomutero yapakati uye mipiro yehurumende inowirirana. Mari yePMAY-G muFY2024-25 yakanga iri inenge 764,500 croo. Mabhazi anowana betsero yakananga kuvaka dzimba, kazhinji kazhinji netsigiro yechikwereti kubva kumabhangi. Rubudiriro rwePM.

Kushandira Mumisha yoUtano hwaMaruwa (NRHM)

NRHM, zvino rutivi rweNational Health Mission, inonangidzira ngwariro pakusimbisa zvivako zvoutano hwavanhu vose mumisha nemomumaruwa. “Kuvaka nzvimbo dzezvoutano dzapakati, nharaunda huru (PHC), uye nzvimbo dzezveutano munzanga. Kunotsigirwa nemari kupfurikidza nemari yemitero yehurumende nemari yehurumende. Basa racho rakatungamirira kukuderera kukuru munhamba yezvoutano hwaamai nedzevacheche munharaunda dzomumaruwa. MuFY202424 -25, basa routano rakagamuchira hwerengedzo yehwerengedzo ye $6 000, nechero yakati kuti yemitengwa yemiitiro youtano yomumaruwa.

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)

PMSKY inoronga kuwedzera kufukidzwa nokuvandudza kushanda kwemvura. Inobatanidza zvinhu zvakafanana nokushandisa mvura miduku, kugadzirwa kwemvura, uye kukura kwenharaunda. Chirongwa chinobhadharwa kupfurikidza nemitero yehurumende dzepakati nehurumende, nehwerengedzo yemari inopfuura 768 000 gore negore mubhajeti dzemari ichangobva kugadzirwa. PMSSY yakabetsera kuderedza nhamo yavarimi kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kugoverwa kwemvura nokuda kwezvirimwa.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

PMSY inobatanidza misha isina kubatanidzwa nemigwagwa yose. Inotsigirwa chose chose nehurumende yapakati (kupfurikidza nemari yomutero netsorori netsorosi) nehurumende dzehurumende dzinogovera munda nokugadziridzwa. Chirongwa chakavaka makiromita anopfuura 800 000 emigwagwa yomumaruwa chifo chokutanga kwayo, kusimudzira mubato wemari nokuwana misika, zvikoro, uye zvipatara. Mari inogoverwa nokuda kwePMSY nguva dzose yave ichipfuura 1 185,000 crore mumakore achangobva kupfuura.

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

Iyi gadziriro yezvokuchenesa yakakurumbira yavaka mamiriyoni ezvimbudzi zveimba uye migodhi inonyungudutswa zvikurukuru nepfuma yemitero nehurumende. Basa rakaita chinangwa charo chokuita kuti India ivhurwe yakasununguka muna 2019. Chikamu chemitero chinobatanidza chikamu chemari inobhadharwa yeGST. Kubudirira kweSBM-G kunoratidza kuti mitero yakatsaurirwa inogona sei kuchinja utano hwavanhu vomumaruwa.

Zvimwe Zvirongwa Zvinooneka

Hurumende yeMabasa yeMabasa purogiramu (muremo, Deen Dayal Udadiya Grameen Kaunikaya Yoyayaya Yhoyaya) uye Rifolifibituty Missions[ (seZVE-NRLM)] zvinotsamirawo pamitero. [[FLT:]] National Livelication Livelication Mis Mission Mission [ yakaita kuti vakadzi vatsigire simba kupfurikidza namapoka ebetsero yeyapamburirano nemiduku, inotsigirwa zvakananga nebhajeri remari. [[FLT] [FLD]

Zvinetso Mumitero uye Kutamira Kunzvimbo Dziri Kubudirira Mumaruwa

Pasinei nokuti mitero inoita kuti zviome, kuoma kwezvivako kunoita kuti mari ipere uye ibudirire inoita kuti zvirongwa zvomumaruwa zvisave nyore.

Kubviswa Kwemitero Nokuparadzwa Kwenyika

Refudziro yemutero weIndia inoderera kusvika kuGDP mu11-12%, yakaderera kupfuura upfumi huri kubudirira. Kunzvenga kwakapararira nemhaka yomubato wemari wamasanga (zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa nenzvimbo duku dzemisha) kunoderedza mutengo. Somuenzaniso, vatengesi vaduku vazhinji mumisika yomumaruwa vanonzvenga mutero neGST. Kusimbisa kutevedzerwa kupfurikidza namaidi anodzivisa, e-itikitiko, uye kurondwa kunokosha. GST Network yakatobetsera kuwirirana namaketani okugovera zvinhu mumaruwa, asi vazhinji vanoda kuitwa.

Kuunganidza Zvakaringana Nemitumbi Yomunzvimbomo

Panchayats haina kushongedzerwa zvakanaka kuti ipese mitero yenhumbi. Vazhinji havachengeti marekodhi evhu akafanira kana kuti mabhuroko anoyera. Mwero wokutera mitero yenzvimbo mumaruwa unowanzova pasi pe 30%. Iri simba rinotsamira pamipiro, iyo inouya nemigariro yakaganhurirwa, inoderedza kuchinjika kwomunzvimbomo. Department Commission yakabatanidza kupa mari yemitero yenzvimbo, asi chivako chamabasa chinononoka.

Kukohwa uye Kusakwanisa Kushandisa Mari

Kunyange apo mutero unogoverwa, mari yemitero inodzorwa mukuitwa kwepurogiramu ($MV, Uori, uye kushaikwa kwokutarisira) chinja muuyo. MGREGA yakatarisana nokutsoropodzwa kwavashandi vezvipoko nemibhadharo inononotsa. Kusimbisa DBT, zvinyorwa zvenzanga, uye kunzvera chaikoiko kwenguva kunogona kuvandudza mari.

Misiyano Mhiri Kwenyika

Nyika dzakapfuma dzine mitero yakasimba (mutoo, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu) dzinogona kutsigira kukura kwemisha pasina kuvimba kukuru nezvipo zvepakati. Maruwa ePureter (zvikurukuru, Bihar, Utar Pradesh, Odhisha) ane zvikamu zvakaganhurirwa zvimene zvemitero uye anotsamira zvikuru pamutero wepakati. Kuedza kweMajeni kururamisa ikoku, asi kusadzikama kwakananga uye kwakaenzana kunopfuurira. Muitiro unofambira mberi zvikuru wemitero ungagona kubetsera.

Mitemo Yemitero Inosava Nechokwadi

Chinjo dzenguva dzose mumwero weGST, mascesses, uye mitemo yemitero yakananga zvinoparira kusapanikira nokuda kwavarongi venyika. Somuenzaniso, maces eGST ambuya yeripo yeGST pakuvamba aiitirwa kuva mwero wechinguvana, asi kufutunurwa kwayo nokushandiswa kwemariwo zvayo zvakadzikatidza batano pakati pemitero chaiyo nendyiko yomumaruwa. Migove yemitero inogona kuvandudza kuzvidavirira.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Kubudirira Kwemutero Nexus

Kuti ikurumidze kukura mumaruwa, India inofanira kushandisa nzira yakasiyana - siyana yokuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwemitero uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mari inosvika kune vanoishandira.

Kuwedzera Mutero

Kuunza yakawanda yemari isina kurongwa mumbure remitero kunonetsa. Gadziriro yeGST yakatonyoresa mamirioni amabhizimisi maduku, asi akawanda achiri kushanda pasi pechikumbaridzo. Kuderedza mukova weGST muzvikamu, pamwe chete nokubvuma kwakapfava, kunogona kuwedzera mari. Nenzira yakafanana, kubhadhara mari yemari pamusoro pechitsama chakati (umr., 7610 lakh) kungaparira mari inokosha pasina kukuvadza varimi vaduku. Ikoku kungada bvumirano yezvamatongerwe enyika negadziriro yakafanira kudzivisa kubuda.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Rwokufema

Miunganidzwa yezvinowirirana panguva chaiyoiyo kupfurikidza nemitengo inokamurwa, giramu yenzvimbo, uye kurongwa kwemakombiyuta kwezvinyorwa zvevhu zvinogona kuvandudza kuyera nokuunganidzwa kwemitero yezvinhu muPanchayats. akhawunti yeAggregator Frames [ ne [FLT] communice corrective corrective [[FLLT:3]] inogona kupfavisa mitero yemitero yemitero yemitengo munharaunda dziri kure. Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa mari mumapato avose nokuda kwetsigiro yemitero mumisha.

Kunyora Nzeve uye Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Kugadzira Indaneti Cess kana kuti batano yakajeka pakati pechikamu cheexcaise/mutero unotambirwa nomumaruwa kunogona kuwedzera chivimbo chavose. Somuenzaniso, mutengo muduku pakuwana mari yakakwirira ungagona kugadzirirwa migwagwa yomumaruwa nezvikoro. Hurumende inofanira kubudisa “Rumbidzo rweZvomutero” inoratidzira zvakajeka mitero kurangariro imwe neimwe, ichiita kuti vagari vadzori vashande.

Kusimbisa Kuzvishandisa Kwomunzvimbomo

Panchayats dzinofanira kupiwa simba rokuita kuti dzizviunganidzire mitero yadzo dzisitongorina kudzorwa kwakawanda kwehurumende.

Kusimudzira Mitero Yakasvibira Nokuda Kwekufambira Mberi Mumaruwa

Mitero yemhoteredzo ine chokuita (mutero wecarbon, tsvina yepurasitiki, mapendi egirini pamotokari) ingagona kuendeswa zvakajeka kumabasa okuchinja mugariro wokunze womumaruwa, akadai serokufambisa mvura, mamicrogrid anomutsidzirwa, uye tsigiro yezvinorimwa. Ikoku kwaizowiriranisa nharidzano dzekukura kwemhoteredzo namaruwa.

Itambano pakati pemitero nokukura kwemaruwa haisati iri bedzi nhau yeruramisiro yomunzanga. Gadziriro yemitero yakasanorongwa iyo inounganidza zvakanaka uye inopedza nenzira inojekeswa inogona kukurumidzisa chinjo yemisha yeIndia. Kupfurikidza nokukudza nzvimbo yemitero, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kuvandudza hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vomunzvimbomo, hurumende inogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti mari inosimudzwa kubva kuvagari vose vamo nevoruwa, vapfumi navarombo (jeka) vanoiswa munzira inosimudzira nzvimbo dzinoshaiwa zvikurusa. Ipapo bedzi ndimo ichava nebviro yakazara yeparamendedzero yenzvimbo dzinowanika dzeIndia.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nongedzera ku Nhamba yeChiitiko chaMaruwa mishumo yegore negore, NITIOG mapepa emitemo pamusoro pemitemo yemaruwa, [[FLT]] [FLT] .Reserver Bank yeIndia[[[FLT][5] yemari yehurumende, kuongorora kwemitero yeWorld Bank muIndia , uye mapepa egore negore eUNIO anobudiswa noH) Mitengo yemari. Mabhuku aya anogovera mashoko anonzwika pamusoro pokugadzirwa kwemitero mumaruwa uye kugadzirirwa kwemitero.