Kufambisa kwevanhu mumaguta ndiko kunokonzera kufambiswa kwemataundi, kubatana nevanhu nemabasa, dzidzo, utano, uye mikana yokugarika. Zvisinei, kunaka, kuvimbika, uye kusvika kwegadziriro dzokufambisa kwakabatana zvakananga nezviwanikwa zvemari zvakatsaurirwa kwavari. Pasina mari yakakwana, kunyange michina inogadzirwa zvakanaka yezvifambiso inogona kuparara, zvichitungamirira kukuderera kwebasa, nguva refu yokumirira, uye kuderedza kukwanisa kuwanika. Maguta anoedza kuva anoshandira kuva anowirirana uye anofambiswa neanokwanisa, anonzwisisa basa remari yokufambisa vanhu vose mumaguta anowanikwa. Nyaya inoongorora kuti kudzosai kudzosaidzwa kwemitengo yezvifambiso, migumisiro yezvirongwa pasi pezvipfuyo, uye unyanzvi hwokuchengetedza zvinhu zvinobatsira vanhu vose.

Nzvimbo Inotsigirwa Nemari Yokufambisa Vanhu

Mari yokufambisa vanhu muUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda inobva pabasa rehurumende, rehurumende, uye remo. Mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende ine mabasa akasiyana nedenho, uye dzikamo pakati padzo inogona kutapura zvinoshamisa mano eguta okuchengetedza nokuwedzera chikwata chayo chokufambisa. Maererano neAmerican Public Transportation Association (APTA), muna 20222, mari inoshandiswa pakufambisa vanhu muU.S. inodarika $80 bhiriyoni, nokutengwa kwemari yedzimbahwe ichiwedzera mamwe mabhiriyoni. Asi gadziriro dzakawanda dzinotambura kuti dziite zvinodiwa kuti dziwane nokumira kana kuti dzisave mari.

Kutsigira Kutsigira Mari: Fandesheni Neganhuriro Dzayo

Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari inokosha kupfurikidza namapurogiramu akafanana neFederal Transit Administration’s Capital Investices [CIG] uye nzira inopa pasi peBiparteran Infrastrusation Law (BIL). Iyi mari inokosha mukuvaka mitsetse mitsva yeraundi, kutenga mabhazi, kuvandudza zviteshi, uye kushandisa kuvandudza kufambiswa. Somuenzaniso, FTA's [FLT:] Low kana kuti Eusts[FLT] program] gadziriro yakabetsera makambani anotenga mabhazi emagetsi, kuderedza mhoteredzo nokushandisa. Zvisinei, mari inodzo inodzorwa kazhinji inoganhurirwa kumabasa makuru uye haigoni kugadzirwa nokuda kwegadziriro iyi. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende inokwanisa kuvaka mugwagwa mutsva, kana kuti igove inoidziswe, kana kuti ishaidziswe vara magetsi.

Uyezve, mari yehurumende inopiwa nhambo dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye hondo. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kukwikwidzana nokuda kwezvipo zvakaganhurirwa, uye makore okusava nechokwadi anogona kumira kuronga nguva refu. Somuenzaniso, Fix America’s Surface Surface Totion (FAST) Act[FLT)] ya 2015 yakagovera makore mashanu okutsigira mari yakatsiga, asi kuguma kwayo kwakatungamirira kukuwedzera kwenguva pfupi kutozosvikira ZVITATI ZVINOTANGAITA muna 201. Kusagadzikana kwakadaro kunoita kuti kuome nokuda kwamasangano anotakura kuhaya tsvi, kuronge kwafamba kwenguva refu, kana kuti kuzoita zvibvumirano zvemakore akawanda.

State Nechipo Chokugara: Mabhiza Okushanda Anodeya Kutaurwa

Hurumende nehurumende dzinotanga kubudisa mari inoshandiswa pamasangano ezvifambiso akawanda. Mumaruwa akawanda, mitero yokutengesa, mitero yepeturesi, uye mari inobhadharwa motokari zvakatsaurirwa kudzoro. Somuenzaniso, Los Angeles County’s Emeeting M[[[FFLT:1]] (20) yakasimudza mutero nehafu yesendikiti yokubhadhara mitero yenjanji nebhazi. Nenzira yakafanana, SATTTY’S Sound Transit Transit[ inotsamira pamutero wokutengesa, mutero, uye motokari zvinotenderwa nezvinotenderwa nevhotera zvakatenderwa.

Zvisinei, haasi maguta ose ane chido chezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti chiremera chapamutemo chokukwidza mitero nokuda kwokufamba. Muhurumende dzine miganhu yemari inodzorwa kana kuti umo vavhoti vanoramba nenzira inodzorwa nemitero, masangano okufambisa anotarisana nokusarerutswa. Somuenzaniso, chiCicago Transtit Authority [CTA) yakaparapatika kwamakumi amakore nemari isina kukwana, inotungamirira kukuchenedzerwa kugadziridzwa, kugadziridzwa, uye kuchembera. Muuyo igadziriro iyo, nepo ichiri kushanda, inokundikana yeikarirwa navatasvi mumashoko ekuvimbika nenyaradzo.

Manyuko Okushandisa Zvitsva uye Okutsiva

Kuwedzera mari inowanwa yagara iripo, masangano akawanda okufambisa ari kunzvera miitiro mitsva. .[FLT] anobvumira dzimbahwe rapachivande kubhadhara zvirongwa zvemitemo refu. Mimwe mizhinji inobatanidza [[[FLT:] Dever Union station [[[FLT]][3] , uko mitengo yakawedzera [[FLT:]] na[FLT]] RAMFLT] Rope Yongedzero yeBVUP [[[FLT:]] (itsigiro inodzorwa zvikuru nomuP3). Imwe nzira i [FLT].[FL:6], apo zvinhu zvakawedzerwa zvinoiswa mumugwagwa unoto, inowedzerwa.[FFF]

Pakupedzisira, mamwe maguta ari kuedza mitero yakavakirwa pa yemifungo yavashandisi sechitsinhano chemitero inoderera. Sezvo motokari dzemagetsi dzinova dzinozivikanwa zvikuru, mitero yegasi ichaderera, kuita mari yakadaro inotsigirwa. purogiramu yeOregon COUT] ipurogiramu inodzosa vatyairi padaro remairaundi.

Kuchinja Kunoita Mari Mumaguta

Kuwanikwa mumaguta ipfungwa yakakura inobatanidza kwete bedzi kusvika kwomuviri nokuda kwavanhu vane urema asiwo kufukidza nzvimbo, uwandu hwebasa, mari, uye kubatana. Rimwe nerimwe remativi aya rinopesvedzerwa zvakananga nomwero nokugadzikana kwemari yokufambisa.

Kuzivikanwa Mumuviri

Nokuda kwavanhu vane ganhuriro dzokufamba, kuwanikwa kwomuviri hakubviri. Pasi pe Americans neChiteshi cheUrema (ADA), motokari dzose itsva nezvishandiso zvinofanira kuva zvinosvikwa, asi zvinoda gadzirirwa zvazvinorereka zvinodhura. Mabhazi akaderera-florior, magwesi, mashefu panzvimbo dzokufambisa, maburefu ejeti, mabhuroko akavanzika, uye manzwi ezviziviso zvose zvinoda kutengwa kupfuurira. [[FFLT:]] [FFFT]] , muBoston[FLT: 3], somuenzaniso, apedzerwa mabhiriyoni pakuforokunyudzwa, bva kusingawaniswiwa nemhaka yokuwana kwakakwana kwemari inodzosesaidzosesa. [5]

Kufukidzwa Kwomugariro Wenyika Nokuwanda

Gadziriro dzokufambisa dzakasanorongwa dzinogona kushanda nzira dzakawanda, kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, uye kwamaawa marefu zvikuru. Ikoku kunovandudza zvakananga kusvika kumikana yokuwana mari yakaderera nevagari vemo vanomhanya kunze avo vangava vasina motokari. Somuenzaniso, San Francisco Mupanicipal Traffation Agency Agency (SFMTA)[FL:1] inoshandisa mari yayo yomunzvimbomo (PPP) kuchengetedza mumwe wemitero yebhazi yakakwirira zvikurusa munyika, ichivimbisa kuti kunyange mishatiro yakapoteredza ine zvoukuru inoona mabhazi 10-15 ari ose mumaminiti. Mutsika, mafashoni anogaro anogara pasi pezvikamu zvaveri pasi pemaSutlt /8] Mabhazikero anenge kamwe chete pashure pe8 PM, kuinoita kuti ive isingabviri yevashandi vanoshanda vanofamba.

Huvarowo inotambanukira kumibatanidzwa yokutanga neyokupedzisira. Mari inogona kutsigira zvitundu zviduku zvinofamba, kubatana kwebhasikoro, uye kuvandudza zvivako zvetsoka panzvimbo dzezviteshi. Los Angeles Metro yeForst/Fred Mile Strategitic Plan[[FLT:] inopa mari yemari kugadziridza nzira dzomumugwagwa, kupaka bhasikoro, uye nharaunda dzose dzinofambika, idzo dzinowedzera kusvika kunobudirira kwegadziriro yokufambisa.

Kunaka Nokukwana

Mari dzinodzorwa imhinganidzo inokosha nokuda kwemhuri dzinowana mari shoma. Pasina migove, masangano angada kusimudza mari kuti afukidze ndyiko dzokushanda, dzinodzinga vatasvi ndokukuvadza avo vanogona kubhadhara zvimwe zvinhu. Mari inokwana yokushanda inobvumira masangano kuchengeta mabhazi akaderera kana kuti kunyange kutanga mapurogiramu okufambisa asingabhadharwi. Kansas City’s Fare Transit [[FLLT] purogiramu, inotsigirwa nokutengesa mutero womunzvimbomo neyamubatanidzwa weCHOVID, inobvisa mari pamabhazi nemotokari ose avanhu, inokwira na 18% mugore rokutanga. Nenzira yakafanana, maguta mazhinji eEurope (g.g. Luxembourg) anoshandisa nyika kana kuti atsigire mari yokufambisa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvehurumende zvehurumende. Nepo vapamhoveri vasingagoni kuratidzira zvakananga kuti vashambadzirwe.

Kune rumwe rutivi, apo mari inoshandiswa zvikuru, zvinhu zvokutanga kuchekwa zvinowanzova nzira dzapashure pousiku, basa rokupera kwevhiki, uye mitsetse yakaderera yerwendo inoshanda vanhu vane njodzi zvikurusa. Ikoku kunoparira denda rinotyisa: basa shoma, iro rinoderedza mari inowanwa, uko kunoparira kucheneswa kwakawanda. Kuputsa denderedzwa iroro kunoda kutsiga, kutsigira mari kunotsaurirwa kumabasa ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Migumisiro Yokuseka: Kudzidza Nenyaya

Miuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika yokusagona kutsigira mari inogona kuonwa mumaguta anoverengeka eU.S. Detroit Department of Transportation (DDT) yakatambura kwenguva refu nokushaikwa kwehurumende netsigiro yomunzvimbomo. Muna 2019, sisitemu yebhazi yaDetroit yakava nemwero wakakwirira wedests munyika, nemotokari dzakawanda dzinopfuura makore 20. Vatasvi vakashuma kuti 60-90 yebhazi ringasasvika ose. Muuyo wakanga uri muitiro wakakundikana kubatanidza vagari vemo. Zvikurukuru mumasharo amaguta kana kuti mumusha. Pasinei zvapo na202020 anowedzera basa racho remari inopfumisa, gadziriro yomunzvimbomo inoramba iripo.

Mumwe muenzaniso ndi Shahington Metropolitan Arevice (WMATA), inoshanda Metro mu D.C., Maryland, uye Virginia. Kwamakore, purogiramu yedzimbahwe reWMATA yakadzorwa, ichitungamirira kunzvimbo inochengetwa yakaguma muna 2015 L’Enfant Plaza chiitiko (chakauraya mumwe mukwiri) uye purogiramu yeSave Track yakaparira mwedzi yakawanda yebasa. Zvirongwa zvenharaunda zvakabvumirana kutsaurira mari yakawanda zvikuru, kubatanidza chitsama 2018 chekushandisa uye mari yemari. Nhasi, WMATES ichiri kudzoka pa $50 000 000 000 000 yegore, inongoratidza bhiripo yacho yose.

Mienzaniso yenyika dzakawanda inoratidzirawo miuyo. London Underbround yakatambura namakumi amakore okubatira pamwe kwapamberi pekusimudzwa kwe 2000 Public-Private Offices yakasimudzirwa, asi gadziriro iyoyo yakanga ichidhura uye pakupedzisira yakadzoserwa muimba. Chidzidzo: Mari yavose isingachinji, yakakwana kazhinji kazhinji inotsiga zvikuru uye inozvidavirira kupfuura mari yapachivanze.

Mabasa Okufambisa Mari Inotsigirwa

Nemhaka yezvinetso zvokusakodzera, maguta nenharaunda zvinofanira kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokuwana nadzo mari kuti zvive nenguva refu yakadzikama uye kuti zviwanike.

Kutsaurira Mari Yemitero Yomunzvimbomo

Nzira yakavimbika zvikurusa yokutsigira nayo kufambiswa ndeyokutsaurira mutero wakananga (g., mutero wokutengesa, mutero wezvinhu, mutero werocker) uye kuraira vhoti yavose kuuchinja. Inopfuura 30 U.S. nyika dzinobvumira matanho akadaro, uye dzave dzichibudirira zvikuru. Houston Metro’s [[FLT:]] mutero wakatsaurirwa wemari wakabvumira sangano kuvaka gadziriro yenjanja uye kushanda mumwe wemibatanidzwa yebhazi rakakwirira zvikurusa muTexas. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT] Portland] Trit [FLT:]] mutero wakatsaurirwa wakaregwa mutero waro waronzeripo yaronge yakaunzwa kubva mukugurwa kwehurumende.

Kugomera Nokutambisa

Kupa vatyairi mubhadharo wokushandisa migwagwa yakatsvikinyidzana kunowana mari uye kunokurudzira shifiti yemiitiro. London] Mutero wokukwidzanisa we wakwidza mabhiriyoni mabhiriyoni $5,5 kubva 2003, chikamu chemari yebhazi neTube kunatsiridza. Tsroume] tsika ye [ inotova yakatowedzera zvikuru kubatanidzwa nokufambisa, nemibato inotsigirwa zvakananga. New York City inotangwa kutanga purogiramu yakadaro muU.S.2024, nemubhadharo wemapuro yebasa ye $56] gore rimwe nerimwe nokuda kweMTA.

Kukosha Kwokubatwa Nenzvimbo Nenzvimbo

Kuisa mari yokuisa zvinhu kunowedzera mipimo yenhumbi dziri pedyo, uye kubata mimwe yeiyo inowedzera kupfurikidza nokunzvera chaiko kana kuti mari yemitero (TIFF) inogona kutsigira kufamba kumene. Hudson Yards[ kuvandudzwa muNew York kwakashandiswa kubatwa kubetsera kufutunurwa kwomutsetse wezvitima zvino 7. Nenzira yakafanana, Portland’s Streetcar [ kunotsigirwa murutivi noruwa rwomunzvimbomo apo varidzi vezvinhu vanobhadhara mubhadharo muwi kukuvara kwavo kumutsetse.

Kushandira pamwe kwevoruzhinji (P3s)

Nepo isati iri nzvimbo inoshandiswa, P3s inogona kuunza kushanda zvakanaka kwemavhiri echikamu chapachivande uye dzimbahwe rapamberi. Fasracks purogiramu yakashandisa magadzirire-macompance-main-maintainin (DBFME) zvibvumirano zvemitsetse yenjanji inoverengeka, kukurumidza kuendesa. Zvisinei, kungwarira kunodikanwa kudzivisa ndyiko nokudzivirira fariro yavose. `Long Beather-part Lavery's Supy Supy zvinonzvera giramupidhi yeP3 nokuda kwechikamu. Kubudirira P3 kuvimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzinodzorwa namatoorwa.

Kushanda Kwehurumende uye Kugadziridza

Masangano okufambisa anofanira kuronda nokushingaira zvipo zvehurumende, asi anofanirawo kuronga mari yomunzvimbomo kuti iwirirane nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, maguta ane mari yakasimba yeBIL achibatanidza Mubatanidzwa Pilot purogiramu yemari iyo yaibatanidza kubviswa kwezvifambiso zvomuguta nebhazi rinomhanya zvikuru (BRT) kana kuti rabhurebhu. Maguta ane mari yakasimba yemunzvimbomo inotenga nokufanana ari makwikwikwi nokuda kwezvipo zvakadaro. AAUTS anogonawo kubatira pamwe chete kupfurikidza na TRANS

Nguva Yemberi Yokutsigira Nokuwanika

Maguta zvaanochinja, ndizvo zvinofanira kuitawo vanhu vaanopa mari.

Mavhaitiki Anozvitonga Nemhomho-a-a-Service (MaaS)

Zvitundutundu zvinozvimirira uye pamicrotransit miduku ingagona kuderedza ndyiko dzokushanda asi inoda purojeti inodzorwa. Mari ingabva panjanji inofambiswa namadzitateguru ichienda kumabasa akapfava, akavakirwa paruzivo. Zvisinei, pasina mari yavose, aya mabasa angagona kuva zvinhu zvinonyanyoshandiswa zvisati zviri vatasvi vakaderera vanotambirwa. Masangano anofanira kurangarira mifanikiso mitsva inoshandiswa navanoiswa pasi pevhu, zvakadai sokupa batano dzapachena dzezvitima.

Kugadzikana Kwomugariro Wokunze Nevavariro Dzemhoteredzo

Maguta mazhinji nehurumende dzakaita zvisakiso zvokuderedza kushatisa kwegasi rinopisa zvinodenha zvinoda kufutunurwa kukuru kwokufamba. Somuenzaniso, California’s SB 375 inoda gadziriro dzinotsigika dzenzanga dzinobatanidza kushandiswa kwenyika nokufamba. Kutenga kuchada kuwedzera kuderedza bhazi, kukudza raisi, uye kuvaka zvinotemesa. Leags Fact Program imavambo, asi magadziro uye nzvimbo dzinofanira kuisa mari yakawanda. Zvisarudzo zvinobatanidza kutengesa carbon (se California nespetra) zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwokufambisa.

Mutasvi Wepasi Nemibereko

COVOID-19 denda rakaderedzwa zvikuru kwazvo, richiratidzira kusashanda zvakanaka kwemibatanidzwa inovimba nokuwandisa mari inobhadharwa. Masangano akawanda akavamba kufamba achienda ku “mugove webasa rokusashanda” umo kufamba kunoonekwa sechinhu chakanaka chavose panzvimbo pebhizimisi. Ikoku kunoreva kuchinja kubva pabhokisi remari kuenda kumari yomutero yakakwirira. Transformation Task Motion Force in Los Angeles yakarumbidza kubvisa mari yebhazi uye kutsamira zvikuru pamutero wokutengesa nemitero. Kukurukurirana kwakafanana kuri kuitika muSattle, Portland, uye Denver.

Pakupedzisira, kukura kwebasa riri kure nerine mhando dzakachinja. Mitoo yemari yakavakirwa panzendo dzapamusoro peawa ingada kugadziridzwa. Zvirongwa zvichada kugadziridza nokuchinja basa renguva dzose, pfuma chaiyo inoiswa mumikoto yomumusha, uye kushandira pamwe navashandiri nokuda kwezviito zviduku.

mhedziso

Mari yokufambisa yavose haisati iri chinhuwo zvacho chiri mumutsara mubhajeti yeguta, chaidzorosa kubatanidzwa muupenyu hwomuguta. Kukwana, kutsigika, uye mari inowirirana inobvumira maguta kuvaka nokuchengeta gadziriro dzinowanika mumuviri, dzakakura, dzakakura, uye dzinoda mari. Pasina izvozvo, vagari vemo vakanyanya kukuvadzwa, uye maguta anokundikana kukwanisa kudzora mukana wavo wokuva noupenyu hweguta. Nokuwanzika kwemitero yakazvitsaurira, ukoshi hunovakwa, kuvaka, kuisa, uye kubatana kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokubatanidza mifananidzo mitsva inoderedza kuvimba nemari, nzvimbo dzinowanika mumaguta anogona kuvimbisa kuti kuve chishandiso chikuru chezvishandiso chavose nokuda kwokuwana mumaguta. Chisarudzo chokutakura mari ndicho chisarudzo chikuru pamusoro pezvatinoda kugara muguta.