Kushandiswa Kwemaketi Nedzikamo kweBumbiro Romutemo

Gadziriro yecheki nedzinodzika muUnited States haisati iri donzo risina kujeka, ichivako chakasanovakwa muNhevedzano I, II, uye II yeBumbiro reMitemo. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rinogamuchira mazita anodudzwa, asi rinogara nhakawo maturusi chaiwo kuganhurira mamwe. Mukati menjodzi, iyi gadziriro inoedzwa kusvikira kumiganhu yayo nemhaka yokuti kurumidziro inogona kuedza bazi kuenda kupfuure, nepo vamwe vaviri vanofanira kusarudza kana vachidzokera shure kana kuti kumira. Kunzwisisa muteve unoumba musengwa kunobetsera chikonzero nei njodzi dzinoparira rwisano dzinoshanda zvikuru dzakadaro.

Bazu rewiso remitemo ([[FLT: 0]] Article I) rinobata simba rechikwama, chiremera chokuzivisa hondo, uye mano okusimbisa vatongi. Bazu rehurumende ([[FLT:]]]] Article II []) rakavakwa nomutoro wokuita kuti mitemo itsigire, kuraira chiuto, uye kutungamirira muitiro wokumwe. Bazu rokutonga ([[FLT:]] Arthucle III [[FLT:]]]) rinofanira kutsanangura mitemo uye kuyera kupfurikidza nesimba raro remitemo kupfurikidza nesimba rokuongorora, rakaumbwa [FOct6] v.[FM]

Bazu Romutemo: Kurega Kushanda Kunowana Nhamo

Congress yakagadzirirwa kuva bazi rinopa ganhuriro zvikurusa, rine makamuri maviri, kutongwa kwedare, uye muitiro wemitemo unononoka.Criss, zvisinei, anoda kukurumidza. Apo ngwavaira kana kuti tyisidziro yorudzi inomuka, Congress inofanira kusarudza kuti inogona kuita nokukurumidza sei pasina kuisa tarisiro. Zvishandiso zvayo zvikuru zvenjodzi zvinobatanidza mutemo wekurumidziro, tarisiro, kubvumirwa kwesimba, uye kudzorwa kwemari.

Mitemo Yekurumidziro Nokushandisa Mari

Mhinduro yakananga zvikurusa yemitemo ndeyokupfuudza musengwa unogovera zviwanikwa kana kuti kupa chiremera kumukuru wehurumende. Mienzaniso inobatanidza CARES Act [20], iyo yakagovera $2,000 yemabhiriyoni (2,50,5) musununguro yemari mukati meCHOVID-19, uye Entective Economicmentation Edication Act[, iyo yakaparira program yeYamushonga yeYamuko (TARP) mukati me mamiriro emari. Mitemo iyi inowanzokurukurwa mumazuva kana kuti mwedzi inopfuura, ichiita nguva yenguva dzose yokuita mutemo.

Mutemo mukati menjodzi ungatumirawo masimba echinguvana kuna purezidhendi. National Confectives Act (1976] inogovera gadziriro yemitemo yokuzivisa migariro yekurumidziro, asi Congress inogona kugumisa kutaura kwakadaro kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chakabatana. Zvisinei, kupfuurira, kudzoro dzezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji kunodzivisa kubviswa, sezvinoonekwa apo Congress yakundikana kudzora Purezidhendi Trump wekurumidziro yorudzi nokuda kwokupinzwa kwemibatanidzwa wemadziro muna 2019.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora

Kutarisira kweCongress kunova kwakakomba munjodzi. Matare ane zvipupuriro zvinotemwa, zvikamu zviduku, uye chipupuriro chinopiwa navakuru vakuru. Mukati me CAVID-19, House Sacle Computeettee paCoronavirus Crisis. Pamushonga wedavirus. Mukati me shamhu yedare reSangano reSangano reMagedhoni], Dare reSangano reWatergate rinobudisa kushata kwesimba kwakatungamirira kuPuntrial Nixon's. Kupfuura kunzvera kunogona kufumura, kuisa pfungwa yavose, uye chiito chavose.

Simba Rehondo Nokubvumirwa Kwesimba

Pasi peChikamu I, Congress bedzi inogona kuzivisa hondo. Bva njodzi dzazvino uno kazhinji kazhinji dzinobatanidza chiito chehondo chipfupi kuzivisa kwechibvumirano chehondo. Simba reHondo Revolution (1973]) rakaitwa kuti rizopazve chiremera chehurumende pashure pehondo yeVietnam. Rinoda kuti purezidhendi azivise Congress mukati memaawa 48 okuita mauto ane zvombo neganhuriro kumazuva 60 kutoti kana Congress Comment yaast yaachibvumira. Chisarudzo chave chave chave chiri manyuko eganhuro yemitemo yeChibvumirano cheRevolution. Chikanga chaveripo chakadai sechinosangana na 2011 Chibvumirano chakaona kupindira mudare paObama kuti hapana kubvumira dare kwapamutemo kwakanga kuchidikanwa nokuda kwokudenha, kuongorora miganhuro yeHondo zveHondo zveHondo zveHondo.

Bazi Rine Vatungamiriri: Kukurumidza Uye Chiito Chakakomba

Bazu guru rakakodzerwa nechiito chokukurumidza. Purezidhendi mugadziri mumwe anogona kubudisa mirairo, kutumira mauto, uye kuunganidza masangano ehurumende pasina kumirira vhoti. Iyi nhanho inokosha zvikuru mumigariro inokurumidzira, asi inoparirawo ngozi hurusa yokunyengera. Bumbiro remitemo rinopa purezidhendi masimba okugara nhaka somutungamiriri mukuru nemukuru webazu, asi aya masimba haana kuganhurirwa.

Mitemo Yekurumidziro Nemirayiridzo Yavakuru

Purezidhendi anogona kuzivisa njodzi yenyika mu National Confective Act, achizarura zviremera zvemitemo kuti Congress yakabvumira. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi George W.Bush akazivisa njodzi yorudzi pashure pedenho 9/11, achigonesa chiito chehondo muAfghanistan. Purezidhendi Trump akazivisa ngozi muna 2019 kudzosera mari dzokuvaka dzehondo kumuganhu. Purezidhendi Biden akashandisa kuzivisa kwekurumidziro mukati meCHOVAD shaola yokupfuurira kumira kubhadhara chikwereti chavadzidzi uye mamwe madanho.

Mirayiro inotungamirira ndichimwe chishandiso chine simba. Mutungamiriri weProfesi Franklin D. Roosevelt akashandisa Mirairo 906 kubvumira kubatana kweJapan muHondo Yenyika II(chiito) chakazodenhwa uye kupiwa mhosva. Muteveri mukuru wehurumende Harry Truman akabudisa Dective Order 9981 kubvisa chiuto, kudzora , kudzora Hurumende. Munjodzi, zvirairo zvehurumende zvinogona kudzosa gira muraudzo, asi zvinogona kudzorwa kupfurikidza nomutemo.

Kubatanidzwa Kwegadziriro Dzehurumende

Bazu guru rinotarisira mhinduro yenjodzi kupfurikidza namasangano akafanana . Mukati mengwavaira dzomusikirwo , [[FLT]CDC, uye . Munhambo dzengwavaira dzomusikirwo, purezidhendi anogona kuraira yamuro yehurumende kuti izivikanwe. Mukati memipimo youtano yavose, masangano anopa nhungamiro uye anogovera zvinhu. Mutemo weHousethryth [[FLT:]] unodzora njodzi, uye [[FLT] , .P] .UPUPUPUP. , .

Kushandisa Miitiro Yokumwe uye Kushanda Kwehondo

Samukuru mukuru, purezidhendi anogona kuraira mauto pasina mvumo yapamberi pedare rinobvumira mumigariro yakati . yakadai sokudzivirira upenyu hweAmerica kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu. Mapurezidhendi akadudza United Nations Security Council zvisarudzo[ kana [[FLT:]] ZVIBVUNGA] ZVINATO [ ZVIPOTI ZVINOTATI] ZVINOREKWA ZVINOREKWA ZVINOREMBITWA ZVINOBHANGA] ZVINOPA ZVIPAURO ZVEMAFUTA ZVINA] ZVIGADZIRO ZVINOSHANDIRAMA ZVINOSHATIWA ZVINOKURUNGANGANGASASASASASASASA. ZVINOURUSASASASASASASASA ZVINO ZVINO ZVINO ZVINOSHAKIKAPA.

Bazu Rokutonga: Kudzivirirwa Kunodzorwa Namaruramiro

Vatongi havatongoshongedzerwi kukurumidza kupindura njodzi. Basa ravo nderokududzira mutemo, kwete kugadzirisa kurumidziro. Bva matare anoita basa rinokosha mukunzvera mamwe mapazu mukati menjodzi. Kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare, anogona kuputsa mirairo yevakuru vakuru nemitemo inoputsa Bumbiro remitemo, kunyange mukati mekurumidziro. Denho iri kudzikamisa kudikanwa kwokukurumidza kwehurumende nedziviriro yekodzero dzavanhu.

Kuhwirudzura Ruramisiro Mumigariro Yakafanira

Dare rapamusoro rakapa hurumende chigadziko chapanguva yakare chinopiwa maruramiro makuru zvikuru mukati menguva yenjodzi nerudzi. Mu Korendatsu v. United States (1944), Dare rakatsigira kudzorwa kwemaJapan okuAmerica, chisarudzo chinoshurikidzwa zvikuru nhasi. Presitten Comment Comment à perse & Tube Co. v. Sawyer[[[FLT]] [1952], Dare rakavhara Police Turman zvigadziko zvesimbi mukati mehondo yeKorea, richisimbisa chirongwa chedare rehurumende yokuranga: apo purezidhendi anoita nechibvumirano, simba rayo rakakwirira; apo kupesana kweGauanglesscers, riri pamusoro penhau yaro.

Mukati me DAMBUDZIKO, matare akanzwa denho dzakawanda kumirairo yavakuru vakuru neganhuriro dzehurumende, kubatanidza mhaka pamusoro pezvipikirwa zvokuvanza mabhakitire, kudzinga, uye zvinodikanwa zvenhomba. Mu NFIB v. Department of Labor[FLT] [2002] [202]), Dare rakarovanyata, dare reOSH raidzoka mishonga yekurumidziro yekudzivirira, richiita kuti chishandiso chipfuure chiremera charo. [[FLT:] Muchikamu] Alabama reRealtars v. H [FLT] [FFFF] [FLT] [5] [202], Dare reCCM] rakavharome, rikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu adzorongetekisirome kuti chipfumbiso.

Kudzivirirwa Kwokusunungurwa Kwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Masuru anowanzomutsa zviito zvehurumende zvinotyora kodzero dzebumbiro-mitemo: kunzvera kusina pamutemo, kupfigirwa pasina kutongwa, kunzverwa kwekutaura, kana kuti ganhuriro pagungano. matare anobatira sedzoresa. Pashure pa 9/11, Dare Gurusa raitonga mu HAmdi v. Rumsfeld [200]] [200]] U.S. vagari vomuvengi vadzori vanofanira kuva nekodzero dzakafanira kuitwa. MuMumusc. Mitengodzi] (2003]), Dare rakawedzerwa maruramiro eGutanupus paGuantmo. Idzi dzakanzvera maruramiro ehurumende yehondo.

Mukati mekuramba 2020 pashure pokuponda kwaGeorge Floyd, kudzikamisa kwomutemo kwehurumende kwakashandisa simba kubvisa Lafayette Square nokuda kwepikicha yakaitwa naPrezidenti Trump. Matare gare gare akanzvera kuva pamutemo kweizvi zviito. Mu Milife Mirimo Mitema Matter D.C. v. Trump[[FLT] [20] [20], mutongi wehurumende akaramba kutaura kwapurezidhendi kwokuzvidzivirira kwakakwana, achibvumira kupomera mhaka kupfuurira. Kuda kuongorora chiito chomukuru mukuru mukuru kunokosha kunokosha kunokosha kunokosha kunokosha kuchengeta rusununguko mukati menjodzi.

Kuongorora Mhaka Kwenhau: Kuongorora uye Kudzikama Kunoshanda

Kunyatsoongorora matambudziko kunoratidza kuti mapazi matatu aibatana sei, aishandira pamwe, uye dzimwe nguva airwisana sei.

Kuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi Nechiito Chitsva

Apo Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt akatanga New Deal, Congress yakabudisa mutemo mukuru wakafanana ne National Industrial Revelop Recement Act ne [[FLT:] Agriculturalformation Sect[. Dare Rapamusoro rakaputsa zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zvinokosha, zvichitungamirira kuidzo dzakanzi nevanotsoropodza "Court-packing" chirongwa neFDR kuwedzera ruramisiro yakawanda kuDare. Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chacho chakakundikana mune zvematongerwe enyika, chakamanikidza Dare kuti risarudze jasiro, uye chakatsigira mutemo wapashure peDhindiro. Chiitiso ichi chinoratidza kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru anorwisana neJudiary, nepo Congresssion yakaramba kukudza Dare racho, kushandira kuzvitonga.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kurwisa maruramiro avagari vemo kwakabatanidza mapazu ose matatu. Congress yakapfuudza Chibvumirano cheRevolution cha 1964 uye Commoting Rights Act ya 1965. Dare Rapamusoro rakabudisa mitemo yakatanhamara yakadai se [[FLT:] Brown v. Board yeDzidzo [1954] [[FLT]) uye Rinov. Virginia[FLT:] [67] [197])) yakaraira mitemo iyi, naPrezidhenderus Eisborn mauto kuRChock kuSypystries anoshandisa mirayiridzous anoshanda kudzo yesangano rehurumende kurambidza kubatana. [[Focka] Virginiakv64] yairairawo.

Mvura Inoyerera Neganhuriro Dzesimba Rinodzora

Purezidhendi Nixon anoshandisa zvisina kufanira FBI neCIA kuti avanze paradzano inoparira njodzi yebumbiro remitemo. Congress yakafeyafeya ndokuvhota nyaya dzekusaindwa. Dare Gurusa, muUnited States v. Nixon [7974], yakaraira purezidhendi kubudisa tepimeti yeWhite House, kuramba kutaura kweropafadzo yapamutemo yakakwana. Yakatarisana nokusatenderwa nokurasikirwa netsigiro yavose, Nixon akabviswa basa. Mhaka iyi inoratidzira kuti mapazu ose matatu anogona sei kushanda pamwe chete kunzvera kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwoukuru: Congress, judiary anonyoresa mate, masupena, uye mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende anoridzimwa pakupedzisira.

9/11 Uye Hondo Inotyisidzira

Pashure pedenho dzaSeptember 11, Congress yakapa maruramiro okushandisa Urongwa hweMatomu. . na PARITIOTT, achibvumira kuongorora kwakafara namasimba okuchengeta. Udzori hweBush hwakaumba matare ehondo nemadziro echivako eGuantana Bay pasina kutongwa. Dare Rapamusoro gare gare gare rakadzosa kutonga [[[FLT:]] Riul v.[FLT: 5,] [5] .[5]] [FFFT]

Dambudziko Remari ra2008

Kuderera kwezvemari kwa2008 kwakaparira chiito chechienzi chehurumende nechamasangano. Munyori weMari yeMari yeMariyoni Henry Paulson naFederal Reserve Ben Bernanke vakashanda neDare kunyora Astuvet Relution Programme (TEM), kupa Bheki ye $700 yemabhiriyoni okutenga zvinhu zvine vhiringidziko. Purogiramu yacho yakava nenharo yakakwirira. Matare akaitawo basa: mu [FLT:] Strater International Co. United States[FLT:] (20], Federal translate yakasarudza kuti kukwidzwa kwehurumende Manie naFred Madie purofice kwakanga kusiri pamutemo. Chinetso chemiteko chedare reSangano reProucial chakaratidzwawo.

Zvinetso Zvazvino Uno Zvokuongorora Nokudzikama

Nepo gadziriro yacho yakapukunyuka njodzi dzakawanda, dzvinyiriro dzinoverengeka dzegadziriro nedzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotyisidzira kubudirira kwayo nhasi.

Kusarudza

Criss anoda kumhanya, asi kurangarira rutivi rwechekeso nedzikamo. Apo Congress inononoka kana kuti inofa. Mapurezidhendi anoedzwa kuita chimwe chinhu. Mirairo yechiremera, zviziviso zvekurumidziro, uye kuiswa kwemitemo zvinogona kutsiva mutemo. Nokufamba kwenguva, ikoku kunogona kuchinja simba zvechigarire kumukuru mukuru. Office yeMatare ne [FLT] Basarogion Research yeSangano reProjistal

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika

Marongedzero anoita kuti zviome kuti Dare ritarisire kana kuti ripe mutemo wenjodzi. Filibuster muDare rinoda mavhoti 60 nokuda kwezvikwereti zvikuru, bhawa rakakwirira panguva yenjodzi. Kana rimwe boka rinodzora denderedzwa uye rimwe rinodzora panenge pakamuri rimwe, kutarisira kunozova chombo chezvamatongerwe enyika pane kuongorora kusatora rutivi. Kuongorora kunotapurawo kusimbisa, namapurezidhendi achigadza vatongi vakabatana nenzira yetsika, zvichideredza kuzvimirira kunenge kwaonekwa nematare.

Kutonga Kusina Kufanira uye Chechi yeChechi

Munhau dzakawanda dzinowirirana nenjodzi, matare anokurudzira dzidziso dzinoganhurira basa rawo. dzidziso yenhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika inorangarira kuti dzimwe nhau dzakadai semiitiro yokumwe kana kuti miitiro yokusafunda (ichiri nani kusiiwa kumapazu ezvamatongerwe enyika). Dare Rapamusoro rakashandisa iyi dzidziso kudzivisa denho dzokunzwa kuHondo yeVietnam. Mukati meCovID-19, mamwe matare anozviisa kuhurumende nezviremera zveutano pasi pe "mugariro wekurumidziro yezveutano hwehurumende". Nepo kuzviisa pasi penguva imwe nguva kwakakodzera, kunogona kubvumirawo kubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Masimba Ekurumidziro Anodedera

Kana njodzi yangoziviswa bedzi, masimba anopiwa mukuru mukuru anogona kupfuurira kwenguva refu pashure pokunge njodzi yapera. Nhamo yepasi pose inoziviswa pashure pe 9/11] yamutsidzirwa napurezidhendi mumwe nomumwe chifo. Chiremera chokuisa zvirango, zvinhu zvakagara pamabhuku, uye kutora zvinhu zvinosara. Nationalal Emerditution Act[ Inoda kuvandudzwazve kwegore negore, asi Congresssssssssssss as " izvi "masimba enguva duku duku zvinopfuvura. Kuda kuti zvigamuchidzo zvechinzvimbo yapamusoro zvive zvamasimba.

Nguva Yemberi Yemakeja Nedzikamo Munjodzi

Gadziriro yeAmerica yechekedzo nedzikamo yakagadzirwa navatangi vasina chivimbo simba guru. Ivo vakakarira njodzi(//uye vakaparira kusawirirana mutsika noune, kudzongonyedza chiito chokukurumidza. Rwisano iyoyo inogona kuva inokangaidza apo mhinduro dzapakarepo dzinodikanwa, asi inodzivirirawo padzvinyiriro dzechisimba. Sezvo rudzi runotarisana nenjodzi dzenguva yemberi (mazango, ngwavaira dzemhoteredzo, kudzorwa kwekombiyuta, kana kuti kusagadzikana kwemhuri) kubatanidzwa pakati pamapazu matatu kuchasarudza kana hurumende ichiita nenzira inobudirira apo inochengeta mirangariro yedemocratic.

Zvinjo dzinoverengeka dzakakarakadzwa kusimbisa nzvero nedzikamo: kuganhurira ukuru hwezviziviso zvekurumidziro, kuda tendero yesangano nokuda kwechiito chehondo chakawedzerwa, kutanga gadziriro dzokutarisira dzinozvimirira, uye kurerutsa muitiro wemitemo nokuda kwezvikwereti zvokukurumidzira. Kana iyi chinjo ichiwana wirirano inotsamira pakunzwisisa pachena mapango(* uye pakudisa kwebazu rimwe nerimwe kudzivirira basa raro rimene rebumbiro remitemo.

Chinyorwa chenhau yeAmerica chinoratidza kuti muitiro unoshanda zvakanakisisa apo mapazi ose matatu akasimba uye akazvimirira. Apo bazi rimwe rinodzora, kusadzikama kunobuda. Apo ose ari matatu anopinda mudariro(Conren sign, denderer asting, matare achirangarira -- chipikirwa cheBumbiro remitemo chehurumende yakadzikama chinozadzikwa, kunyange munguva dzinoedza zvikurusa.