Table of Contents
Bazu remitemo rinomira sechimwe chezvikamu zvine simba zvikurusa nezvinokosha zvehurumende yedemocracy, richibatira senzwi ravanhu uye dare guru rokuita mitemo muUnited States. Kuvavhoti vanoda kutora rutivi mune revoruzhinji nenzira ine revo, vachinzwisisa kuti bazu remitemo rinoshanda sei, gadziriro yaro, masimba, uye ukama kumamwe mapazu ehurumende zvinokosha. Iyi nhungamiro ine revo yakakwana inonzvera chinhu chiri chose chaunoda kuziva pamusoro pebazu remitemo uye kuti rinotapura sei upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva.
Chii Chiri Bazu Romutemo?
Bazu remitemo rinotangwa neChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. uye rinoumbwa neImba yaVamiriri neDare. Sarimwe ramapazu matatu akaenzana ehurumende parutivi pamapazu makuru neamatare, bazu remitemo rine mutoro mukuru wokuumba, kuitisana nharo, kudzosa, uye kupfuudza mitemo inodzora rudzi.
Madzibaba Akawanikwa akaronga noune bazu romutemo kuva bazi rokutanga rinorondedzerwa muBumbiro reMitemo, anoratidzira chitendero chavo chokuti simba rokuita mitemo rinofanira kumira navamiriri vanosarudzwa zvakananga navanhu. ichi chivako chinovimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba ichizvidavirira kuvagari vayo uye kuti mitemo inoratidzira kuda nezvinodikanwa zvavagari vemo.
Bidameral Programme: Dare Riviri Rinoshanda Pamwe Chete
Kunzwisisa Kunyanyisa
Bidameral inoreva kuti Congress ine dzimba mbiri: Imba yoMumiriri neDare. Iyi gadziriro yezvikemera zviviri haina kusarudzwa nenzira yokuzvidira asi yakabva mukurangarira kwokungwarira nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira mukati meKokorodzano yeBumbiro reMitemo ya 1787.
Vavambi vakasarudza kuti imba yomutemo ine matende maviri yaizova yakanakisisa, sezvo makamuri maviri aizogovera imwe nhekidzo nedzikamo mukati meDare. James Madison akacherekedza kuti chibhinameralism chaizoumba mitumbi miviri yavanhu yakasiana- siyana yaungatarira nokunzverana.
Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira Kukuru
Tine dzimba mbiri dzeCongress nemhaka yokubvumirana kwakaitwa neKuumba Vanababa muConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo.Kukakavadzana kwaireva kuti nyika dzinofanira kumiririrwa sei mudare idzva rehurumende.
Chigadzikiso chacho, chinozivikanwa seGreat Relation kana kuti Connecticut Relation, chakagadzira chirongwa chebudral apo vagadziri vemitemo vakagovera nokuda kwebazu remitemo rebhimeral nomufananidzo wakaenzana muDare uye kumirira kwakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vehurumende muImba. Iyi gadziriro yakadzikamisa fariro dzezvose zviri zviviri nyika huru neduku apo yaigadzira gadziriro yecheki dzomukati mukati mebazu romutemo rimene.
Imba Yavamiriri
Imba yavamiriri iboka guru rine mitezo yakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo chehurumende imwe neimwe. Nemitezo ine zana rimwe, Dare idare rapedyo zvikuru, rapamutemo shoma zvikuru kupfuura Imba, ine mitezo 435 ikasarudzwa kubva kumaruwa iyo inenge mwero mumwe cheteyo muvagari vemo.
Gadziriro yedu inogovera nguva yamakore maviri yehofisi yemitezo yeNzvimbo dzakavakirwa pavagari vemo 435. Iyi nguva pfupi yakaitirwa namaune, yakarongedzerwa kuchengeta vamiriri vakabatana zvikuru navanhu vavanoshumira uye vanogamuchira murangariro wavanhu unochinja. Imba yakafungwa se “kamuri ravanhu," rakasarudzwa zvakananga navagari vemo uye rinoratidzira itiro hanya dzapakarepo nefariro dzenzanga dzomunzvimbomo.
Nemhaka youkuru hwayo uye uzhinji hwesarudzo, Imba inokombamira kuva inogamuchira zvikuru miitiro yazvino yezvamatongerwe enyika nemirangariro yavose.
Dare reUnited States
MuDare, vavhoti vehurumende imwe neimwe vanosarudza vaSenator vaviri, avo vanobatira mashoko amakore 6 anopindirana (akadai sokuti chikamu chimwe bedzi cheimba chakagadzwa nokuda kwesarudzo munhambo ipi neipi inopiwa). Ichi chivako chinogovera dzikamo nokupfuurira mumuitiro wemitemo, chichiva nechokwadi chokuti Dare rinochengeta zivo yesangano uye ruzivo kunyange sezvo mimwe mitezo inochinja.
Dare rakatanga kugadzirwa kuva muviri unorerutsa zvikuru, uchigovera pesvedzero inotonhora paImba ine bviro huru. Mitemo yeDare nemiitiro, kuno rumwe rutivi, kurangarira chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo rinogovera simba retsika rehwaro kuSandisita mumwe nomumwe. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyange vatengi vamwe navamwe vanogona kuva nepesvedzero huru pamuitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakadai senfacillbuster uye kuomerera pamiitiro.
Imba bedzi inogona kuvamba mutemo wemari, uye Dare bedzi rinosimbisa kunyoreswa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zvinotenderwa, asi kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakasiana - siana kumutemo mumwe chetewo muchimiro chimwe chetecho asati aupa kuna Purezidhendi. Aya masimba echienzi anoratidzira mabasa akasiyana - siyana akamuri rimwe nerimwe rinotamba muhurumende yomubatanidzwa.
Kushanda Kunoita Gadziriro Yomutemo
Kubva Mupfungwa Kuenda Kusumo
Mitemo inotanga sepfungwa.
Muitiro womutemo wokunyora wakaoma uye unoda ngwariro yokungwarira kumutauro wepamutemo nemirau iripo. Mitezo yeDare inoshanda zvikuru navashandi vemitemo uye nyanzvi dzemitemo kuva nechokwadi chokuti mabhiri anokarakadzwa akarongwa zvakanaka uye anonzwika zviri pamutemo. Angonyorwa, kana mumiririri angotangwa, mutsigiri anotangwa muImba. Kana Senator ari mutsigiri, mutemo unotangwa muDare.
Mugove Wedare Nokuhwirudzura
Mutengo wacho unogoverwa kudare refundo. Matare mabhiza ebasa eCongress, umo nzvero ine udzame nokunatsirwa kwomutemo zvinoitika. Mumakamuri ose ari maviri, maongororo emitemo akawanda ari mumatare akamira – zvikamu zvemitezo yakabva kumativi ose ari maviri anotungamirira mukukudziridza nokunzvera mutemo. Mitezo inowanzobatira pachiverengero chiduku chamatare, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kwamakore akawanda, inoabvumira kuva anoziva zvikuru mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kana dare riine dare rinenge riine chikwereti, rinosanoongororwa uye bviro dzaro dzokupfuura naro dzinosarudzwa neDare rose. Dare ringatosarudza kuva nokutongwa kuti rinzwisise zviri nani rerevo yomutemo.Kunzwa kunobvumira mirangariro yebazu guru, nyanzvi, vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende navatsigiri, uye vashori vomutemo kuti zvinyorwe.
Dare rinotonga zvinangwa zvakawanda. Dzinopa nzvimbo yokuunganidza mashoko, dzinobvumira vadzori vemhosva kutaura mirangariro yavo, dzinoita chinyorwa chavose chouchapupu noufakazi, uye dzinobetsera mitezo yedare kuita zvisarudzo zvakaziviswa pamusoro pokuti kana kuti kupfuurira sei nemitemo. Kana dare risingashandi papepa remitemo, mutengo wacho unorangarirwa kuva "wakafa".
Nharo Dzomudenga Nokutamba
Kana yabudiswa nedare, chikwereti chacho chinoiswa pakarenda kuti chivhoterwe, kukurukurwa kana kuti kugadziridzwa. Gakava repauriri rinosiyana zvikuru pakati peImba neDare, richiratidza ukuru hwaro hwakasiyana nemitemo yetsika.
MuImba, gakava rakasanorongwa zvikuru uye rakaiswa muganhu wenguva, neDare reMitemo kazhinji kazhinji rinogadza miganhu yakananga nokuda kwenguva refu yekurukurirano uye kuti zvigadziridzo zvinogona kupiwa. MuDare, gakava rinowanzova rakajeka zvikuru, uye vamiriri vane rusununguko rukuru rwokupa gadziridzo ndokutaura kwenguva refu pamusoro penhau.
Kana mubatanidzwa wacho ukaita zvokungopfuura nevoruzhinji (218 ve435), mutemo wacho unoenda kuDare reHurumende. Zvisinei, rwendo rwemitemo harusati rwapera panguva ino.
Kugadzirisa Kusiyana Pakati Pedzimba
Kana mitumbi yose iri miviri yangovhota bedzi kuti igamuchire mubatanidzwa wemitemo, inofanira kupedza misiyano ipi neipi pakati peshanduro mbiri.
United States Congress ine matare emisangano yokupedza kusabvumirana pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare dzemitemo, dzakafanana ne "Conferences" muparamende yeWestminster. Matare eMusangano mitumbi yechinguvana inoumbwa nemitezo inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri anoshanda kugadzira shanduro imwe, yakabatana yemutemo uyo dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzinogona kugamuchira.
Chiito Chapurezidhendi
Kana makamuri ose ari maviri abvumira zvimiro zvakafanana zvechibvumirano, zvinoenda kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwokurangarira. Kana Purezidhendi achitendera mutemo, unosainwa ndokuva mutemo. Kana Purezidhendi asingatorei chiito kwamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge iri murusando, mutezo wacho unova mutemo.
Kana purezidhendi akasarudza kuisa mutongo, muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa Dare rinogona kuvhota kubvisa gweta iroro uye mutongo wacho uchiva mutemo. Kana vose vari vaviri Dare neImba zvikapfuudza mutongo wacho nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu, shefu yaPurezidhendi inodzorwa, uye mutongo wacho unova mutemo. Zvisinei, kukunda kushoma zvikuru, kunoda tsigiro chaiyo yebhipartis.
Asi kana purezidhendi akasaina pabhiri uye rinoramba risina kuiswa chiratidzo apo Congress inenge isati ichiri murusando, mutongo wacho uchapedzwa nokusarongwa. Ichi chiito chinonzi nhivi yomuhomwe, uye hachigoni kushatiswa neCongress.
Gadziriro yeDare: Uko Basa Chairoiro Rinoitika
Matare anowanzotsanangurwa semasangano eCongress, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka.
Matare Akamira
Matare akamira matare enguva dzose anonangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo chaidzo dzemiitiro dzakadai sedzokurima, mabasa ane zvombo, dzidzo, mari, kana kuti ukama hwokumwe. Aya matare aripo kubva paDare rimwe kusvikira kune rimwe rinotevera uye anobata basa guru remitemo. Dare rimwe nerimwe rimire rine zviremera pamarudzi akati emitemo, uye zvikwereti zvinogoverwa kumatare akavakirwa panhau yazvo.
Matare ose akagadzwa nomutezo webato revoruzhinji, kunyange zvazvo zvigaro zvichiwanzoshanda pedyo nemutezo wavakurusa wedare, mutezo mukurusa webato duku padare. Ichi chivako chinobvumira zvose zviri zviviri udzori hwavazhinji nemubatanidzwa muduku mumuitiro wedare.
Sarudza Matare Anokosha
Matare akasarudzwa kana kuti chaiwo matare echinguvana akaumbwa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakati, kazhinji kazhinji kunzvera nhau dzakati kana kuti kuitisa fundo chaidzo.
Matare Ehama
Matare akabatana anobatanidza mitezo inobva mose muri muviri Imba neDare uye zvikurukuru anonangidzira ngwariro panhau dzokutarisira kana kuti dzokuchengeta dzimba panzvimbo pomutemo.Mienzaniso inobatanidza Dare Romubatanidzwa paKudhinda neDare Romubatanidzwa paRaibhurari. Aya matare anobetsera kutsinhiranisa mibato pakati pemakamuri maviri nenhau dzehurukuro dzinotapura Dare rose zvaro.
Matare Omusangano
Sezvadudzwa pakuvamba, matare emisangano mabhii echinguvana anoumbwa kuyananisa misiyano pakati peshanduro dzeNzvimbo neDare dzemitemo imwe cheteyo.
Simba Nemabasa Ebazu Rine Mitemo
Kunzwisisa masimba aya kunobatsira vavhoti kunzwisisa kukosha kwokusarudza kunoitwa nedare uye simba rinoitwa nevanoronga mitemo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Kupa Chiremera Chomutemo
Simba guru nerinokosha zvikurusa rebazu romutemo ichiremera chokuita mitemo.Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinopa masimba ose omutemo kuBasa reBakaral Congress: Imba yaVamiriri neDare izvo zviri muuyo we "Kubvumirana Pamberi Kukuru" kutsvaka kudzikamisa tapuro dzezvinhu zvikuru zvakakurumbira nefariro dzenyika.
Iri simba rokuita mutemo rinobatanidza zvose, rinofukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pamutero nokushandisa kusvikira kumurairo wezvokutengeserana, muitiro wokutama, mutemo woutsotsi, uye dzimwe nharaunda dzisingaverengeki dzemiitiro yavose. mutemo mumwe nomumwe wehurumende, kubva pakuchinja kukuru kusvikira kugadziridzo duku dzounyanzvi, unofanira kupfuura nomuitiro womutemo muCongress.
Simba Rezvidyiro
Rimwe ramasimba anokosha zvikurusa ndiro kudzora pakushandisa mari kwehurumende. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Congress chiremera chapoga kumari yakafanira, kureva kuti hapana mari inogona kupedzwa mupfuma yehurumende pasina mvumo yedare. Iri "simba rechikwama" rinopa Congress simba guru pamusoro pebazu guru namasangano ehurumende.
Gore rimwe nerimwe, Congress inofanira kupfuudza zvikwereti zvemari kuti itsigire mabasa ehurumende.
Kutarisira Nokuongorora
Kutarisira kweCongregational kunovimbisa kuti masangano emapazi makuru ari kuita mabasa awo nenzira yakakodzera, ari kushandisa mari seCongress yaidiwa, uye ari kushanda mukati memiganhu yechiremera chawo chepamutemo.
Matare anotungamirira nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira kutongwa uko vakuru vakuru vemasangano vanopupurira, anoongorora nhau dzakati kana kuti pomero dzokukanganisa, uye mishumo yenguva dzose inodiwa kumasangano anotungamirira.
Zano Nebvumirano
Dare rine mutoro wechienzi webumbiro remitemo wokugovera "kubvuma nokubvumirana" parumbidzo rwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano. Ikoku kunoreva kuti Dare rinofanira kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi munzvimbo huru, kubatanidza vanyori veKibitai, vatongi vehurumende, nhume, uye vakuru vamasangano makuru.
Muitiro wesimbiro unobvumira vatenzi kunzvera vamanikidzi, kunzvera zvikwaniriso zvavo, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vakakodzera nokuda kwenzvimbo dzavo. Nenzira yakafanana, Dare rinofanira kutendera zvibvumirano zvinotaurirwa naPrezidhendi namarudzi okumwe, richida vhoti mbiri tatu nokuda kwokukweva. Iri simba rinopa pesvedzero huru padare renyika yokumwe uye kuvambwa kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.
Kurayira
Congress ine simba rokubvisa vakuru vakuru vomubatanidzwa, kubatanidza Purezidhendi, kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokusatendeseka. Imba yaVamiririri ine simba rimwe rokupa (pomero yakarongwa) vakuru vakuru ne "mhosva huru navarevi," nepo Dare rine simba rimwe rokuedza mhaka dzokutonga ndokubvisa vakuru vakuru muhofisi nevhoti mbiri.
Kunyange zvazvo kushora kusingawanzoitiki uye kuchichengeterwa mufambiro wakashata, kunomirira nzvero inokosha pasimba revakuru vakuru nerokutonga, kuvimbisa kuti hapana mukuru mukuru ari pamusoro pomutemo.
Simba Rehondo
Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Dare simba rokuzivisa hondo, kusimudza nokutsigira mauto, kuchengeta boka rengarava dzehondo, uye kuita mitemo inodzora mauto ane zvombo.
Uku kukamukana kwemasimba ehondo kwave kuri manyuko enyanduko pakati pamapazu emitemo neanotungamirira munhau yose yeAmerica, zvikurukuru munhambo yazvino uno apo rwisano dzehondo dzinowanzoitika pasina ziviso dzehondo dzakarongwa.
Macheki Nedzikamo: Bazu Romutemo Mundima
Riripo serimwe remakemikari akagadzirwa nokungwarira anodzivirira kuti bazi rehurumende risanyanyova nesimba.
Kuongorora Bazi Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru
Kupfuura muitiro wokuita mitemo pachawo, unomanikidza Purezidhendi kuita, Congress anodzora mari yebasa rebazi guru, anosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi, anogona kukurira masangano anotungamirira, uye mufambiro wemasangano anotungamirira.
Chibvumirano cheSangano reSangano chinodzosa simba rokuita kuti pave nesimba uye zvose zviri zviviri mano okubvisa Purezidhendi anopazve cheki. Dare rinogonawo kupfuudza mutemo pamusoro peveto yapurezidhendi uye rine simba rokunzvera mibato yebazu rapamusoro.
Kunzvera Bazu Rokutonga
Kunyange zvazvo bazi rinotonga richitaura mitemo, Dare rinogadzira mitemo iyoyo uye rinogona kuichinja kana ikasabvumirana netsananguro dzedare.
Congress inewo simba rokugadza matare ehurumende akaderera, kusarudza udzori hwawo, uye kugadza nhamba yevatongi veDare Gurusa. Munhau dzakakomba zvikuru, Congress inogona kubvisa vatongi vehurumende. Mukuwedzera, Congress inogona kukarakadza zvibvumirano zvebumbiro remitemo kuti zvikudze zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro Zvikuru zvakavakirwa pakududzirwa kwebumbiro remitemo.
Maonero Anoita Mamwe Mapazi Dare
Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo dzinoshanda mumirayiridzo mizhinji. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuisa mutemo unopiwa neCongress, achimanikidzira vaiti vemitemo kuchinja mutoo wavo kana kuti kuunganidza voruzhinji vane mativi matatu maviri kuti vakurire dare. Zvichida zvikuru, simba rokuita kuti zvikwereti zvipfupirwe naCongress. Sezvo kusiri kwenguva dzose kuti mutemo uitwe pamusoro papurezidhendi weveto, Congress zvikurukuru inofanira kuva nenzvimbo yapurezidhendi pamiitiro inokarakadzwa.
Bazu rinotonga rinogona kuzivisa mitemo inopiwa neCongress isiri yemitemo, inoita kuti ishaye simba. Iri simba rokuongorora kutonga, rakatangwa munhau yemajeri yeMarbury v. Madison, rinoshanda senzvero inokosha pasimba romutemo uye rinovimbisa kuti Congress inoshanda mukati memiganhu yebumbiro remitemo.
Chikonzero Nei Mapazu Ane Mitemo Aine Nhau Kuvatsigiri Vemari
Zvisarudzo zvinoitwa neCongress zvinonyatsochinja zvinhu zvose zvoupenyu hweAmerica, kubva pakuchengetedza mari uye kutarisira utano kusvika padzidzo, zvinhu zvinokosha, kuchengeteka kwenyika, uye kodzero dzevanhu.
Tapuro Yakananga Paupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva
Zvisarudzo zveCongress zvinosarudza mari yemitero yaunotora kumba pacheki yemubhadharo wako uye mari yaunobhadhara paunotenga.Varevereri vanosarudza mari inoshandiswa muzvikoro, migwagwa, mabhiriji, uye zvokufambisa. Vanogadzira uye kugadziridza mapurogiramu akadai seSocial Security, Medicare, uye Medicaid kuti mamiriyoni eAmerica anovimba nayo.
Dare rinopa mitemo inodzora chengeteko yebasa, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, zvinhu zvinotengeswa, zvokudya zvakakotsekana, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingaverengeki dzinotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva.Apo unoshandisa Internet, kutyaira motokari, kushandisa mushonga, kana kuti kutumira vana vako kuchikoro, uri kukurukurirana negadziriro dzakaumbwa nemitemo yekokorodzano.
Mufananidzo Nenzwi
Mitezo yeCongress inoitirwa kumirira fariro dzayo neitiro hanya muhurumende yomubatanidzwa. Vamiriri venyu navatevedzani vanofanira kuva inzwi renyu muWashington, vachitsigira mitemo inobetsera nzanga yenyu uye inoshora avo vangaikuvadza.
Zvisinei, mumiririri uyu anoshanda chete apo vavhoti vanoramba vakaziviswa uye vavimbisana.Vatongi vanogamuchira dzvinyiriro yemapoka, uye vatsigiri vanoshingaira, vane pesvedzero huru zvikuru kupfuura avo vanoramba vakanyarara kana kuti vasinganyoresi.
Kuzvidavirira Kupfurikidza Nesarudzo
Nzira yakananga zvikurusa inopesvedzera nayo bazu remitemo iri kupfurikidza nesarudzo. Makore maviri ari ose, zvigaro zvose zveImba 435 nezvinenge zvigaro zveDare zvakakwidzwa nokuda kwesarudzo. Sarudzo idzi dzenguva dzose dzinovimbisa kuti vaiti vemitemo varambe vachizvidavirira kuvanhu vavanomirira.
Kupfurikidza nokuvhota mukusarudza kwesangano, vagari vemo vanogona kupa mubayiro vamiriri vanobatira fariro dzavo zvakanaka ndokutsiva avo vasingatendi. uku kuzvidavirira kwokusarudza kunokosha kukudzora kwehurumende yedemocracy uye kunopa vagariwo zvavo simba chairoiro pahurumende yavo.
Nzira Iyo Vota dzeMajeri Dzinogona Kubatanidzwa Nayo Nebazu Romutemo
Kupa basa musarudzo kunokosha, asi haisati iri nzira bedzi iyo vagari vemo vanogona kubatanidzwa nayo navaiti vavo vemitemo ndokupesvedzera muitiro wemitemo. Kutora rutivi kwehurumende kwokushingaira pakati pesarudzo kunogona kuva kunokosha zvakafanana.
Kuonana Nevamiriri Vako
Imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa dzokuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe ndeyokuonana navamiriri vako navatevedzeri.
Unogona kuona vatemi vemitemo vako kupfurikidza nemitoo yakasiana - siana kubatanidza runhare, maemail, tsamba, uye zvinobudisa nhau. Mitezo mizhinji yeCongress inoitawo misangano yehoro yetaundi nezvimwe zvinoitika zvavose umo vamiriri vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo ndokutaura mirangariro yavo zvakananga. Pakuonana navamiriri vako, iva pachena pamusoro penhau yauri kutaura, tsanangura kuti inotapura sei iwe kana kuti nzanga yako, uye taura zvakananga chiito chaunoda kuti vaite.
Mubato Womutemo Unotevera
Social Congress yehurumende inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pezvikwereti, marekodhi okuvhota, mabasa edare, uye karenda yemitemo.
Masangano akawanda enhau namapoka okudzora anogoverawo kunzvera nokugadziridza pamubato wesangano, kuchibetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa mutemo wakaoma kunzwisisa nemiuyo yawo inobvira.
Kutora Rutivi Mubasa Roufundisi
Mapoka aya anoronga zvirongwa zvokupesvedzera mutemo, anopa mashoko kuti abatsire vagari vemo kuita basa rinobudirira, uye kazhinji kazhinji akatanga ukama nemahofisi esangano anogona kuita kuti kuronga zvinhu kubudirire zvikuru.
Kunyora kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda, kubva pakusaina zvikumbiro nokutora rutivi munhimbe dzakanyorwa tsamba kusvikira kumisangano, kusangana navashandi vesangano, kana kuti kupupurira pakutonga kwavose. chiito chokuunganidza kupfurikidza nokuronga kupfurikidza nokunyora kazhinji kazhinji chine tapuro huru kupfuura nhamburiko dzomunhu oga.
Kunzwisisa Karenda Yomutemo
Karenda yemitemo inosanganisira nguva apo Dare remitemo riri papurogiramu uye parinoita kuti pave nemitemo, uyewo nguva dzokusagadzikana apo nhengo dzinodzokera kunyika dzadzo uye kumaruwa.
Kunzwisisa karenda yemitemo kunobetserawo kuronga nhamburiko dzako nokuda kwesimba guru, zvakadai sokuonana navaiti vemitemo pamberi pevhoti huru kana kuti mukati merangariro yedare yezvikwereti zvaunoitira hanya.
Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pebazu Rinotungamirirwa Nomutemo
Mifungo yakasiana - siana yakasiana pamusoro peCongress nomuitiro wokutonga kunogona kutungamirira kunyongano kana kuti kariro dzisiri dzechokwadi.
Kufungidzira Kusina Kunaka: Purezidhendi Anoita Mitemo
Nepo Purezidhendi achiita basa rinokosha mumuitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nesimba rokusaina kana kuti kuisa zvikwereti, uye anogona kukarakadza mutemo ndokuisa zvinhu zvokutanga zvetsika, Purezidhendi haaiti mitemo. Chibvumirano bedzi chine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokuita mutemo. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupesvedzera muitiro wemitemo, asi haagoni kuita mitemo pasina nguva.
Kufungidzira Kusina Kururama: Mabhiri ose Anova Mitemo
Chaizvoizvo, zviuru zvezvikwereti zvinotangwa muCongress hazvitongovi mutemo. Zviuru zvemabhiri zvinotangwa murusando rumwe norumwe rwedare, asi chikamu chiduku bedzi muzana chinozviita kupfurikidza nomuitiro wose wemitemo.
Uyu mwero wokundikano wakakwirira hausi hawo musengwa. Chinetso chokupfuudza mutemo chinovimbisa kuti mitemo inogamuchira nzvero yakakwana uye kuti zvikarakadzo bedzi netsigiro yakafara zvinova mutemo. Inoratidzirawo rudzi rusingabetseri rwomuitiro womutemo uye nzvero zhinji dzakavakwa mugadziriro.
Pfungwa Isina Kunaka: Dare Rinogara Richivhiringidzwa
Nepo vatongi vachiva nevanopesana uye vanoshanda pamwe chete nehurumende vachiwana ngwariro huru yezvinobudisa nhau, Congress inopfuurira kuisa mutemo kunyange mukati menhambo dzehurumende yakakamukana.
Kunzwisisa kwenguva dzose kunowanzobva mukukundikana kwemativi makuru kusvitsa mutemo mukuru, asi izvozvi zvinomirira bedzi chikamu chebasa remisangano. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunobetsera vavhoti kuchengeta kariro chaidzoidzo nepo vachiri kurangarira kuti vaiti vemitemo vanozvidavirira nokuda kwokukurukura nhau dzinokosha.
Kushanduka - shanduka Kwebazu Rine Mitemo
Bazu remitemo rakava rezvechinjo zvikuru chifo chaapo Bumbiro reMitemo rakatenderwa, kuchichinjira kumigariro inochinja nepo richichengeta chimiro charo chinokosha nedonzo.
Kukura Uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa
Dare rokutanga raiva nemitezo 65 yeImba uye vamiririri 26 vaimirira nyika 13. Nhasi Congress inobatanidza 435 uye 100 vamiririri vanomirira nyika 50 uye vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 330. Nhamba yevanhu vanomiririrwa nenhengo imwe yakawedzera kubva pa210 583 muna 1910 kusvika ku64,947 muna 2000 uye 710767 muna 2010.
Uku kukura kwakaparira chinjo mumashandire anoita Congress, kubatanidza gadziriro dzamadare dzakasanorongwa zvikuru, vashandi vakuru, uye mitemo yakaoma zvikuru. Congress yazvino uno isangano rakarongeka zvikuru uye rakarongeka kupfuura chibvumirano chemisi imwe chete chinofungidzirwa naVavambi vemitemo.
Kukura Kwesimba Rinotonga Nehurumende
Masangano apakuvamba akabata zvikurukuru nezvinoitwa nehurumende, ukama hwedzimwe nyika, uye muitiro wemhuri wakaganhurirwa.
Uku kukura kunoratidzira chinjo huru munzanga yeAmerica, kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kugadzirwa kwamaguta, fambiro mberi yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye nzwisiso dzinobvisa dzemutoro womubatanidzwa. Nepo gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro poukuru hwakakodzera hwesimba rehurumende, hapana panikiro yokuti Dare nhasi rinobata nenhau dzakawanda zvikuru kupfuura zvarakaita muRepublic yapakuvamba.
Chinjo Munzira Iyo Mitezo Inorangarirwa Nayo
Bhuku rinonzi Seventeenth Amendment, rakabvumirwa muna 1913, rakachinja izvi kuti zvisarudzwe zvakananga nevatenzi vedare, zvichiita kuti Dare reHurumende rizvidavirire zvakananga kuvanhu.
Dzimwe chinjo dzakatapurawo sarudzo dzamasangano, kubatanidza kuwedzerwa kwamaruramiro okuvhota kumapoka aibviswa kare, mirau yezvemari yenhimbe, uye kushandiswa kwesarudzo huru kusarudza vamirineri vebato.
Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nebazi Remazuva Ano Rinopa Mitemo
Dare ranhasi rinotarisana nezvinetso zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kukwanisa kwaro kushanda zvinobudirira uye kuchengeta chivimbo chevanhu.
Kuchinja Kunoita Kudenga
Kuwedzera kwekubatana kwemapoka kwaita kuti kubatira pamwe kwebipartis kuome zvikuru uye kwakaparira kuronga kwemitemo panhau huru. Mitezo yeCongress inosarudzwa zvikuru neboka kupfuura munguva dzakapfuura, nemitezo ine mwero mishomanene inodisa kuyambuka mitsetse yebato.
Kuparadzana uku kunoratidza kupesana kukuru munzanga yeAmerica asiwo kunoita kuti zviome kuti Dare rigadzirise zvinetso zvakaoma zvinoda kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye kushandira pamwe.
Kuvimbwa Kwavo Norupo Nokutenderwa
Kuyera kwetendero kwedare kwave kwakaderera kwamakore, kuchiratidzira vhiringidziko yavanhu nezvinorangarirwa kuva zvisina kumira zvakanaka, kukakavadzana kwemapoka, uye kukundikana kupedza zvinetso zvinomanikidzira. Kuvimba navanhu muCongress kunogona kuderedza kuva pamutemo kwegadziriro yemitemo ndokukuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuti vaiti vemitemo vagova netsigiro nokuda kwemitemo iri madikanwa asi yakaoma.
Kuvakazve chivimbo chavose hakudi bedzi kuita kuri nani kweDare asiwo kunzwisisa kuri nani pachena nzira iyo muitiro wemitemo unoshanda nayo uye chikonzero nei wakarongedzerwa kuva unorerutsa uye pane dzimwe nguva unononoka.
Mari Muzvamatongerwe Enyika
Basa remari munhimbe dzokuronga nokukurudzira rinomutsa funganyo pamusoro pokuti vaiti vemitemo vanogamuchira zvikuru vapi vakapfuma nezvinodiwa chaizvo kupfuura vanhuwo zvavo.
Mashoko Nemashoko Asina Kunaka
Kunyange zvazvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ruchiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vagari vemo vawane mashoko pamusoro pebasa redare, zvinoitawo kuti kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asiri iwo kuve nyore uye zvinoita kuti vavhoti vasiyane mashoko akavimbika nemashoko anoparadzirwa kana kuti nhema.
Vatongi vanofanira kuongorora mhoteredzo iyi yakaoma kunzwisisa vachiedza kukurukurirana zvinobudirira nevanhu vanobatanidzwa voita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo zvinobva pamashoko akarurama.
Mabasa Anokosha Evatongi: Kuongorora Kwakazara
Mitezo yeCongress ine mitoro yakawanda kudarika kungovhota pamutemo.Kunzwisisa aya mabasa akasiana - siana kunobetsera vavhoti kuyera kuita kwavamiriri vavo nomutoo wakajeka zvikuru.
Kudra uye Kukurudzira
Vatongi vanoona zvinetso zvinoda kugadziriswa kwemitemo uye vashande kuti vagadzirise zvikwereti zvemitero yebhizimisi kuti vagadzirise zvinetso izvozvo.
Vaiti vemitemo vanobudirira havangorovi chete zvikwereti; vanoshanda nenzira inoshanda kuti vafambisire mberi mutemo une mukana chaiwoiwo wokupfuura nepo vachishandisa sumo dzezvibvumirano kuti vasaone nzvimbo uye kuti vaone nhau dzinokosha.
Kuderera Kwomutemo
Kuitirana nharo kweCongress kunopa vanhu mukana wokutsanangura zvavanofunga, kunyengetedza vamwe, kudzidzisa vanhu, uye kunyora kuti matare angaita kuti pave nechinangwa chokutonga.
Kukakavadzana kwakanaka kunoda kuti vaiti vemitemo vanzwisise nhau zvikuru, nharo dzakajeka zvakajeka, uye vabatanidze nemirangariro inopesana.
Kukoshesa Mitemo
Kudzosa zvichida mutoro unooneka zvikurusa wemitemo. Vhoti imwe neimwe inomirira chisarudzo pamusoro pomuitiro wavanhu uyo unogona kuva nemiuyo inosvika kure. Vareveri vanofanira kudzikamisa mirangariro yakawanda apo kuvhota, kubatanidza chisarudzo chavo vamene, zvisarudzo zvavo, nzvimbo dzebato, uye fariro huru yavose.
Zvinyorwa zvokunyora zvinogovera mashoko akajeka pamusoro penzira iyo vamiririri vazvo vanoita nayo panhau dzinokosha, zvichiita kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvikoshe nokuda kwokuzvidavirira kwavavhoti.
Kunyanyofunga Nezvehurumende
Basa iri rokutarisira rinosanganisira kutongwa, kuongorora, kuongorora mishumo yesangano, uye kushandisa simba rokudzora kuti pave nemitemo yesangano.
Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoda ngwariro inotsigirwa nounyanzvi, sezvo vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kunzwisisa yose iri miviri mitemo yavakapfuudza uye kushanda kwakaoma kwamasangano ehurumende. Iri basa kazhinji kazhinji rinogamuchira ngwariro yavose shoma kupfuura mutemo wedare rakakwirira asi rinokosha nokuda kwokudzora kwakanaka.
Basa Rinogutsa
Kupfuura mabasa avo okutonga, nhengo dzeCongress dzinobatsira masangano ehurumende kuti ashandise zvirongwa zvehurumende, kupedza zvinetso nemasangano ehurumende, uye mahofisi ehurumende anobatsira vanhu vanoshanda. Mahofisi eCongression anobata zviuru zvezvikumbiro zvebasa, achibatsira kugadzirisa nyaya dzinobva pakubatsira vanhu kuti vave neNdengedzero yeSocial to mabasa evarwi anobatsira kugadzirisa nyaya dzokupinda munyika.
Iri basa rokutonga harisi misoro yenhau asi rinomirira nzira inokosha iyo vaiti vemitemo vanobatira nayo vamiririri vavo zvakananga uye vanochengeta batano navanhu vavanomirira.
Kumirira Fariro Dzinoshuviwa
Vatongi vanofanira kudzikamisa kumirira fariro dzavo vamene dzavanobatira nokushandisa chisarudzo chavo vamene pamusoro pemitemo inobetsera zvikurusa voruzhinji. Uku kunyanduka pakati pokuva nhume iyo inoratidzira zvayakada zvinogoverwa naanovimbwa naye anoshandisa chisarudzo chokuzvimirira kwave kuripo munhau yose yesangano.
Kumiririra zvinobudirira kunoda kuramba uine ukama nevanhu vaunotsigira, kunzwisisa zvavanofunga nezvavo uye zvavanokoshesa, uye kutsigira mitemo inobatsira ruwa kana kuti nyika uku uchifungawo zvinodiwa nenyika.
Bazu Romutemo Nechibvumirano
Kunzwisisa bazu romutemo kunodawo kunzwisisa basa raro mugadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica, umo simba rinokamuraniswa pakati pehurumende dzenyika nehurumende.
Masimba eHurumende
Kukamukana uku kwechiremera kunoreva kuti nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemitemo dzinobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri mutemo womubatanidzwa nehurumende, neCongress nehurumende imwe neimwe ichiita mabasa anokosha.
Kunzwisisa mwero upi wehurumende une chiremera panhau dzakasiyana - siyana kunobetsera vavhoti kutungamirira nhamburiko dzavo dzokunyengera nenzira yakafanira ndokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakarurama vazvidavirire nokuda kwemiuyo yemiitiro.
Kumirira Kunoita Dare Zvinofarirwa Nehurumende
Chivako chebhidral cheCongress chinoratidza kutsigira hurumende, Dare richigovera kumirira kwakaenzana nokuda kwenyika imwe neimwe pasinei zvapo noukuru hwayo, nepo Imba ichipa mufananidzo wakavakirwa pavagari vemo.
Vatari vanowanzozvirangarira vamene sevanomirira fariro dzavo dzehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, nepo mitezo yeImba inowanzonangidzira ngwariro huru kumaruwa avo chaiwo. Iyi mifanikiso miviri inobetsera kudzikamisa mirangariro yomunzvimbomo, nyika, uye yenyika mumuitiro womutemo.
Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda
Zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinogona kubetsera vavhoti kukudza nzwisiso yavo yebazu romutemo ndokugara vaziviswa pamusoro pomubato wemisangano.
Zviwanikwa zveHurumende
PaIndaneti yeImba neSamende inopa mashoko pamusoro penhengo, matare, uye masangano edare.Congregational Research Research Service inobudisa mishumo ine udzame panyaya dzemitemo uye nhau dzemitemo, dzakawanda dzacho dzinowanika pachena.
ZVINOTAURWA NEPURONISPU ZVINOTAURWA NEMASHOKO EPURT, zvinobvumira vagari vemo kutarira muitiro wemitemo unoshanda.
Masangano Edzidzo Nedzidzo
Masangano akadai seLeague of Women Voters, Common Century, uye mapoka akasiyana - siyana anonangidzirwa nemitemo anogovera zviwanikwa zvedzidzo pamusoro peCongress uye gadziriro yomutemo. Mayunivhesiti mazhinji namakasi anofunga anobudisa nzvero nenzvero pamubato wesangano nehurumende yeAmerica.
Masangano enhau ane vatori venhau vakazvitsaurira anogovera kufukidzwa nokuongororwa kunopfuurira kwomubato wemitemo.Kutevera manyuko akawanda ane mirangariro yakasiana - siana kunogona kukubetsera kutanga nzwisiso yakasanorongwa yenhau dzemisangano nenharo.
Zviwanikwa Zvako
Kosi dzepayunivhesiti pahurumende yeAmerica uye dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinowanzonyanya kusimbisa zvirongwa zvehurumende. Zvikoro zvepaIndaneti nemavhidhiyo edzidzo zvinogona kugovera mashoko anowanika okutanga kutevedzerwa kwemiitiro yemitemo uye kurongwa kwemitemo.
Kuita Chiito: Kuva Mushandi Akadzidza uye Akabatana
Pamusana pezvingaitwa, pane matanho chaiwo aungatora kuti unyatsonzwisisa uye ubudirire pakusarudza hurumende.
Ziva Vamiririri Vako
Dzidza nezvemamiriro avo ezvinhu, mabasa edare, zvinyorwa zvokuvhota, uye zvavanoisa pakutanga.
Kunzwisisa kuti ndiani ari kukumirira uye zvavari kuita muCongress ndiyo nheyo yokuvimbisana nokuzvidavirira kunobudirira.
Ronga Zvinosarudzwa Zvose
Sarudzo dzeCongress dzinoitika makore maviri ari ose, uye muvhoti anowanzova akaderera musarudzo pakati penhambo apo kunenge kusina nhangemutange yapurezidhendi. Zvisinei, kusarudza uku kunokosha zvikuru mukusarudza kuti ndiani anokumirira muCongress uye kuti ipati rinobata kamuri ripi.
Vanoda kunzvera pamberi pesarudzo, vachirangarira zvisarudzo zvavo panhau dzaunoitira hanya, zvikwaniriso zvavo noruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uye zvinyorwa zvavo kana vari vasarudzo. Ronga musarudzo huru pamwe chete nesarudzo kuti vave nepesvedzero huru pamusoro pako.
Ramba Uchiziva Nezvenyaya Dziri Kumuka
Tevera mashoko pamusoro pemibato yemisangano pamusoro penhau dzine chokuita newe. Nzwisisa kwete bedzi chiri kuitika asi chikonzero nei kuchikosha uye kuti kungatapura sei iwe nenzanga yako. Tsvaka manyuko akasiana - siana amashoko kuti uwane mifungo mizhinji panhau dzakaoma.
Kuziva kunoita kuti ukwanise kushamwaridzana nevamiririri vako uye kusarudza zviri nani pakuvhota.
Kurukurai Nevamiririri Venyu
Usamirira kusvikira washatirwa pamusoro pechimwe chinhu chokuonana navamiriri vako. Kumbira kuratidzira tsigiro apo vanoita nzvimbo dzaunobvumirana nadzo, bvunza mibvunzo pamusoro penhau dzauri kunetseka pamusoro padzo, uye goverana murangariro wako pamusoro pomutemo unomirira.
Tsanangura kuti nyaya dzinokukanganisa sei uye kuti ndezvipi zvaunoda kuti vamiririri vako vaite.
Ita Nenzanga Yako
Kuvimbisana hachisi chinhu chimwe chete. Iva pamwe nevamwe vomunharaunda yako vanokuudza zvinokunetsa. Enda pahoro dzetaundi nenzvimbo dzemitambo. Pindura mumasangano omunzvimbomo anoshanda panhau dzaunoda. Kubatanidza inzwi rimwe nerimwe uye kunogona kubudirira zvikuru pakupesvedzera muitiro.
Kuvaka ukama nevamwe vagari vemo vakavimbisana kuchakubatsirawo kuramba uchiziva uye kukurudzirwa kuramba uchibatanidzwa nokufamba kwenguva.
Funga Nguva Refu
Kuvimbisana kwehurumende kunobudirira inhangemutange, kwete kumhanya. Chinjo huru dzemiitiro kazhinji kazhinji dzinotora makore enhamburiko inopfuuridzirwa. Usaodzwa mwoyo kana miuyo yako yaunoda isati ikaitika nokukurumidza. Ramba wakavimbisana, ramba uchidzidza, uye chengeta kuzvipira kwako kukutora rutivi kwoubati ushe hwedemokrasi.
Yeuka kuti hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu inoda kuti vanhu varambe vachitora rutivi.
Mugumisiro: Kutonga Kunoitwa Nebazi uye Kutonga Kwehurumende Dzechidhimoni
Bazu remitemo rinomira pakati pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, richishandurira kuda kwavanhu mumutemo uye richigovera cheki dzinokosha pasimba roukuru nerokutonga. Kunzwisisa kuti Congress inoshanda sei (inoshanda sei) chirongwa, masimba, miitiro, uye denho() masimba anovhota kuti vatsigire nenzira inobudirira zvikuru muudzori hwedemocracy.
Kubva pagadziriro yebhidaral yakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa fariro dzinokwikwidzana negadziriro yedare yakaoma kunzwisisa uko basa remitemo rine udzame rinoitwa, kubvira pakungwarira kupfurikidza nokuva kwezvikwereti zvinova mitemo kusvikira kumubato unokosha wokutarisira uyo unoita kuti hurumende ide kuzvidavirira, bazi remitemo rinoratidzira nheyo yokuti hurumende inofanira kuva yazvo, inoitwa, uye nokuda kwavanhu.
Kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi hakungodiwi nevaiti vemitemo chete asi kunoda kuti vanhu vazive uye vazive kuti vanonzwisisa sei mashandiro anoita nyika uye kuti vatsigire hurumende yeruzhinji.
Muvhoti ari wose ane simba rokupesvedzera bazu romutemo kupfurikidza nesarudzo, kuvimbisana kwoudzori, uye kupfuurira kuvimbisana navamiriri. Kupfurikidza nokugara achiziviswa pamusoro pomubato wourongwa, kunzwisisa muitiro womutemo, uye kuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe, unogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti bazu remitemo ripedze basa raro remitemo uye rinobatira fariro yavose.
Utano hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica hunotsamira pabazu remitemo rinobudirira uye kuvimbisana kuirangarira kuti inozvidavirira. sezvaunopfuurira rwendo rwako somuvhoti anoziva, yeuka kuti nhau dzako dzokutora rutivi. Bazu romutemo rinoshanda zvakanakisisa apo vagari vemo vanorinzwisisa, vanorishandisa, uye vanoraira kuti rirarame mukuwirirana nemitoro yaro yebumbiro remitemo.
Kana uchionana navamiriri vako pamusoro pomutemo wakananga, kuvhota mukusarudza kwedare, kutevera kutonga kwedare pamusoro penhau dzaunoitira hanya, kana kuti kungodzidza bedzi pamusoro penzira iyo Congress inoshanda nayo, uri kubetsera kugadziriro inopfuurira yokuzvitonga kwehurumende yeruzhinji. Mupiro iwoyo, wawanza kumamirioni avagari vemo vakavimbiswa, ndiwo anoita kuti basa routongi hunomirira.
Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro peChibvumirano cheU.S. uye mutoo wemitemo, shanyira .Gov.