Kunzwisisa zvinoitika pashure pokunge chikwereti chapfuudzwa kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kunzwisisa kuti democracy inoshanda sei zvirokwazvo. Nguva inotsanura mativi ose ari maviri eDare haisati iri mugumo werwendo rwemitemo (inongova bedzi nhano inokosha. Nhanho dzinotevera dzinosarudza kana mutemo uchiva mutemo, kuti uchashandiswa sei, uye kuti ungachinja sei. Nyaya ino inonyudza zvikuru muitiro wose wepashure pedare, kubva kudhesiki raPresidhendi kuenda kukudzorwa kwomutemo, hwirudzura, uye pakupedzisira kugadziriswa kwemitemo. Pamugumo, uchava nemepu yakakwana yekuti mutemo wemitemo ichava sei inochinja pashure pechikarakadzo.

Zviito ZvaPurezidhendi: Suo Rokutanga Pashure Pokupfuura

Kana bhiri racho rangotenderwa navose vari vaviri Imba yavamiriri neDare muchimiro chakafanana, rinotapurwa ndokusainwa navakuru vakuru vanotungamirira vekamuri rimwe nerimwe.Mutengo wacho ipapo unoendeswa kuna Purezidhendi weUnited States, uyo ane mazuva gumi (anopfuudzira maSvondo) okuita chiito. Mukati meiyi windo, Purezidhendi anogona kutora imwe yenzira dzinoverengeka, imwe neimwe ine miuyo yakasiana.

Kuisa Bhiro racho Mumutemo

Mugumisiro wakananga ndewokuti Purezidhendi anobvumirana nemitemo oinyora zviratidzo. Panguva iyoyo, mutemo wacho unenge wava mutemo wavose, kazhinji kazhinji nemutambo wetsika uye kushandiswa kwemapeni akawanda. Kutaura kwokusaina kungaperekedza chiito, apo Purezidhendi anopa dudziro rake romutemo kana kuti anoratidza kuti bazu guru rinoda kuushandisa. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko akadaro asingasungi, anogona kudzora masangano omutemo uye angataurwa munyaya dzedare dzichatevera. Somuenzaniso, apo Purezidhendi George W. Bush akasaina USA PATRIOT Act muna 2001, mashoko ake okusaina akataura kuti bazi guru rehurumende raizotaura kuti zvinhu zvakati kuti ndezvinofanira kuitwa nenzira inowirirana nechiremera chibvumirano. Izvi zvave zvichiitwa, kunyanya kana kusaina mashoko anenge achinetsa kunzi ari kurwisana nedare redare renyika yeSangano.

Veto yenguva dzose

Kana Purezidhendi akadzivisa bhiri racho, angaridzosa kupfurikidza nokuridzorera kunzvimbo yarakabva, pamwe chete neshoko revhato rinodonongodza zvirambidzo. Ikoku kunozivikanwa seveto yoga yorurimi. Purezidhendi angashandisa chibvumirano chekusabvumirana kwemitemo, funganyo dzebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti ganhuriro. Munhau, vafundisi vakashandisa mutemo kuvhara mutemo vanorangarira kusachenjera kana kuti kusafunga kuti zvigaro. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt akashandisa madhiaposts avhareji ye6, nepokanhirositi yegore. Masangano anoshanda seapokan dare renyika inosaresa.

Pocket Veto

Chinosanozivikanwa zvikuru asi chinokosha zvikuru ndicho [ petrocket chuchuti. Ikoku kunoitika apo Purezidhendi haaiti chiito pagweta mukati menhambo yezuva gumi, uye Congress yakatozorongerwa kudzorwa [[[[FLT:]] zvisaririra zvinofa [[[FLT:]] (kudzongedzerwa) kana kuti kwemazuva anopfuura gumi. Muchinoitika ichocho, muromo haugoni kuva mutemo, uye Congressss haigoni kuudzosa nokuti haichiri murusando. Chisaririra chinouraya nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwechiito ichocho. Zvisinei, kana chinogara mukati nhambo yamazuva gumi, kundikano kuratidzira. Chisarudzo chikuru chinona miganhuro chakajeka chapa migaro yedare [Fogner][5]

Muzvinoitika zvisingawanzoitiki, Purezidhendi angasaita chiito apo Congress inoramba iri murusando (pamuchinoitika ichocho), mutemo unova mutemo pasina siginicha pashure pamazuva gumi. Ichochi chinozivikanwa se ratidziro yeidzoidzo [ uye yangoitika nguva shomanene munhau yeAmerica.

Kupindura Kwedare

Purezidhendi paanopa mutemo, Congress inopa mutemo wokuti Congress ipfuure chirevo, asi zvakaoma kuita nemaune.

Kukunda Munyu

Kukunda nhambo yenguva dzose, makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuurazve pamutemo, nguva ino nembiri muimba imwe neimwe. Chikumbaridzo ichi chakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura chinodikanwa chavazhinjisa vaidikanwa nokuda kwokutanga. Kana makamuri ose ari maviri aita mativi maviri ezvikamu zvikuru, pamutemo wacho unova mutemo pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvaPrezidhendi. Kubvira pakutangwa kweUnited States, vashomanene mu10% yagara iripo. Kudzora kunobatanidza Masimba eHondo mu 1973 (kutungamirira Purezidhendi Nixon’to) uye Kodzero yeChibvumirano chavagari vemo chapasi pa 1991 (kutungamirira Purezidhendi George H.W. Bush’s. inotard’s . inoto hurusa basa rebio rebiat rebindis, ramas crowncum, kana kuronge kuri kuro imwe.

Kuchinja Bhirobhu

Kana kuedza kwokukunda kukakundikana, Congress inowanzodzokera kudare rinonyora. Mashoko aPurezidhendi anopa zvirambidzo chaizvo, uye vagadziri vemitemo vangashandisa kugadziridza shanduro yakadzokororwa inokurukura zvinonetsa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kukurukurirano pakati peWhite House navakuru vakuru. Kazhinji kazhinji, mutemo unobvumira mari, kudzorwa kwemitengo, kana kuti mamwe mapfundo. Muzvimwe zviitiko, mutsigiri wokutanga angaparadzanisa mutemo kuva zvikwereti zviduku zvikuru kuderedza kushora. Muitiro wose unogona kutora mwedzi kana kuti makore, uye zvikwereti zvakawanda zvinogona kufa mukati mouku. Kunyange zvakadaro, bviro yokudzokorora inoita kuti mute muteve mutezo wemitemo uye unoramba uchiita kuti uchiita kuti ushande mute.

Kugadzira Nokuzivisa

Kana chibvumirano changosainwa mumutemo (kana kuti kukunda kunobudirira), chinogamuchira nhamba yomutemo wavose (muremo, P.L. 118-1) uye chinonyoreswa pamutemo. Archificist weUnited States anogadza zita rayo rokupedzisira. Mumazuva mashomanana, Government Publication Office inodhinda mutemo muchimiro che [[FL:0] United States Mitemos paGreat[[FL:1], muunganidzwa wechigarire wemitemo yose yavose neyapachivande. Mutemo unowedzerwawo kuUnited States Code, kuumbwa kwemiraudzo yose yemitemo uye yechigarire. Hofisi yeFederal Registery inoronga basa guru mugadziriro iyi, inosimbisa kuti rugwaro runowanika, uye kudare rinonyatso.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti musi wemutemo unoshanda haungavi musi wekusaina. Mitemo yakawanda inoratidza musi unoshanda munguva yemberi. Pano panenge patova nemazuva 60 kana 90 pashure pokunge vapa purogiramu yedanga rokugadzirira. Somuenzaniso, Affordible Care Act yakasainwa muna March 2010, asi urongwa hunokosha hahuna kushanda kusvikira muna 2014.

Kushandisa: Kubva Pakudzika Mitemo Kuenda Kumitemo Yenyika Chaiyoiyo

Pashure pokunge mutemo wabudiswa, nhano inotevera ibasa. Chikamu ichi sezvinooneka rutivi rwakaoma zvikurusa nerune simba rwegadziriro yemitemo. Nepo Congress inonyora muitiro wakafara, ibazu guru rinofanira kuita kuti mutemo iwoyo ushande. Kurongeka kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza masangano ehurumende akawanda, kuronga mitemo kukuru, uye zvisarudzo zvokushandisa mari.

Kutungamirira Nezvokutonga

Mitemo mizhinjisa inogadza chiremera kusangano rokutonga. Somuenzaniso, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoshandisa mitemo yemhoteredzo, Department of Health and Human Service (HS) inoshandisa mitemo yezvoutano, uye Securitive and Exchange Commission (SEC) inoshandisa miraudzo yemitemo. Konquro inofanira kutsanangura mutemo ndokuita mitemo yakananga inorondedzera mufambiro unorambidzwa, uye miitiro yokuchengeta. Kugadza mitemo kunowanzotevera Adroa Procediture Acture Active Act (A), zvinoda kuzivisa uye nguva yetsinhiro. Masangano anonyora miraudzo yenhau. [FL:] [FFF]] [5]

Somuenzaniso, apo Congress yakaita Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation and Consumer Protection Act muna 2010, mutemo mutsva waida kuumbwa kwemazana emitemo mitsva yaiumbwa nemasangano akawanda. Muitiro wokutonga wakadzokororwa kwamakore, nemimwe mitemo isati yapera makore gumi gare gare. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemitemo kunogona kunonotsa kana kuti kudzosazve chinangwa chemitemo.

Michina Inomanikidzirwa

Kana mitemo yangovapo, masangano angava ane mutoro wokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Izvi zvingabatanidza kuongorora, kuongorora, kuongorora, tsamba dzokunyevera, fashoni, kana kuti kunyange matsotsi anodzorwa. Somuenzaniso, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inoongorora mabasa kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti maererano nemitemo yokuchengeteka. Zvirongwa zvinowanzova nemitemo, kubva panhungamiro isina kurongwa. Kushanda kwomutemo kunowanzotsamira pazviwanikwa uye kuda kwesangano rokubhadharisa. Kana sangano risitongoshairwa mari kana kuti kusadiwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, dare rinosakaiswa ringatova netapuro duku.

Kutsigira uye Kubatsira

Kushandisa kunodawo mari. Nepo Congress ichibvumira purogiramu iri mumutemo, mari chaiyo inogoverwa kupfurikidza nechikwereti chegore negore. Kana dare rokupa mari risingapi mari yakakwana, sangano racho ringarwisa kuita mabasa aro. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kumukaha pakati peicho Congress yakarongedzerwa neinowanwa zvomenemene. Somuenzaniso, mitemo yemhoteredzo yakawanda yave ichidzorwa mukuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvayo, ichitungamirira kukubvumira kuhwirudzura nezviito.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga: Matare Ane Shoko Rokupedzisira

Kunyange pashure pokunge mutemo waitwa, pamutemo kana kuti dudziro yawo yemitemo inogona kudenhwa mudare. Kuhwirudzura kwedare redare redare redare reruwa ibwe rekona rehurumende yeAmerica. Munhu kana kuti sangano rinotapurwa nomutemo angaisa mhaka mudare kuti mutemo unoputsa Bumbiro remitemo kana kuti kuti sangano rinopfuura simba raro mukushandisa. Mhaka yacho inoshanda nzira yayo mudare reruwa: dare reruwa, dare rezvikumbiro, uye sezvinobvira Dare rapamusoro. Mbambo dzakaita se National Federation of Independent . Selius[FLT: 1] (20) inova nedare redare romutemo rinodzosa pamutemo. (20) rinogona kutsigira Affordcable Actal Actal Active Acts arrocts, nepo ivo havatongorina kudzokororwa somutezotezotemwa wacho. [FL.]

Kuongorora, Kuongorora, uye Kudzikamisa

Mutemo unoramba uchiitwa uye uchishandiswa, unotanga kuongororwa, kuongororwa, uye kudzokororwa kunobvira.

Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nevarwi

Congress inotonga, mishumo, uye inonzvera kuti masangano ari kushandisa sei mitemo. Matare akadai seGovernment Accouncial Office (GAO) anoongorora nokuongorora. Somuenzaniso, mazana emishumo gore rimwe nerimwe anoongorora purogiramu inoshanda, inoziva tsvina, uye inorumbidza kuvandudza. Iyi mishumo inogona kunyandura kugadziriswa kwemitemo kana kuti mutemo mutsva. Kutonga kwehurumende kunogoverawo vanhu nzvimbo yokuitira zvinhu pamusoro pemitengo kana kuti kukwidza.

Kuongorora uye Kuunganidza Mashoko

Masangano amene anounganidza mashoko kuti aedzedze miuyo. Hofisi yeMari yeBazi reUnion and Bactal (OMB) ingada kunzvera kwedzokororwa. Mitumbi yeependent seCongregational Drug Office (CBO) inowana miuyo yemari yemitemo uye inogona kuinzverazve munguva. Vatakuri vamabhii kubatanidza mapoka ezvokunyora, vamiririri veindasitiri, uye vanzveri dzedzidzo . Somuenzaniso, Children’s Health Insenser Program (CHI) yakafundwa zvikuru kunzwisisa muuyo wayo pamiuyo youtano hwavana, kuchitungamirira kukudzorwazve nokushanda kwemitengo.

Kugadziridzwa uye Kupiwa Kwemitemo Itsva

Yakavakirwa pakunzvera, Congress ingachinja mutemo wapakuvamba. Ikoku kunogona kuitika kupfurikidza nezvikwereti zvekunyorazve, kana kuti apo mutemo unotangwa nokuda kwokunyorwazve kwegadziriro nemisi yedenderedzwa. Somuenzaniso, Violence Against Women Act yakapfuudzwa pakuvamba muna 1994 uye yakatenderwazve kuchinjwa kanoverengeka kubvira. Kuchinja kunogona kutaura migumisiro isingadzorwi, kuwedzerwa mari, kana kuti miraudzo. Dzimwe nguva mutemo unotsiviwa chose chose nomutemo mutsva, sezvakaitika apo No Child Lend Behind Act yakatsiviwa neAct yeAct yeAct yeAct yeAppligit yeApply Severience iri muna 2015.

Gadziriro dzokutsvuka kwezuva dzimene dzinomanikidza hwirudzuro yenhambo nenhambo. Mutemo unobatanidza chitsama chezuva uchapera zvamazvirokwazvo pashure pomusi wakagadzwa kutoti Congress ichiuitazve. Ikoku kunoumba mutoo wakavakwa mutsva wokuyera nokuvandudza. USA PATRIOT AS Act ine gadziriro dzinoverengeka dzokuvira kwezuva dzezviremera zvakati zvokunzvera, kuchitungamirira kukurukurirano dzinonyandura pamusoro pokuvazve norugwaro.

Basa Rokubatanidzwa Kwavose

Mumuitiro wose wapashure pekupfuura, vanhu vanogona kungopesvedzera miuyo. Mukati monhambo yokugadza mutemo, vagari vemo vanogona kuzviisa tsinhiro kumasangano, kupinda matare avose, kana kuti kutora rutivi mumatare avose. Pashure pokunge mutemo waitwa, vanhu namasangano vanogona kutendeudzira Congress nokuda kwokugadziriswa, matare enhau, kana kuti kuita nhimbe dzechibvumirano chapamutemo. Muitiro wedemocracy haugumi pabhokisi rebhoroti(iroti) inopfuurira kupfurikidza nomwero uri wose womutemo woupenyu hwechipo.

mhedziso

Rwendo rwechibvumirano harupedzi apo chinopfuura Congress. Kuvambira padhesiki raPrezidhendi kusvikira kumasangano anonyora mitemo, kuvambira pamatare anodudzira mutemo kumatare anotarisira zvinopesvedzerwa, muitiro wapashure pechiito wakapfuma nemikana yokuchinja, denho, uye kuvandudza. Kunzwisisa iyi nzira inopa simba vagari vemo, vapi vemitemo, uye vatarisiri kuti vaite zvinobudirira zvikuru munyika yemiitiro yavose. Kana uri mudzidzi wehurumende, murevereri wechisakiso, kana kuti mucherekedzi wengwariwo zvake, anoziva zvinoitika pashure pokupfuudza kupfuudza kuoma nokugadziridzwa kwomutemo wedemo inodzoka. [FFFOT], zvinogovera sei.[3]