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Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Kusawirirana Kwehurumende Nehurumende Kuchikosha Kubasa Riri Rose

MuUnited States, vagari vemo vanogara mugadziriro yechienzi umo mwero mizhinji yehurumende inoumba upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva panguva imwe cheteyo. Vanhu muUnited States vanogara mukati megadziriro yehurumende, inoreva kuti vanodzorwa nehurumende dzinoverengeka panguva imwe cheteyo. Kunzwisisa misiyano mikuru pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende hakusi chinhu chedzidzo chete, uye kubatanidzwa kwehurumende kwechinokosha. Kana vavhoti vanzwisisa mwero upi wehurumende unodzora miitiro yakananga, vanogona kutungamirira nhamburiko dzavo dzakafanira, vangaita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvi vazvidavirire, uye vanoita zvisarudzo zvakati wandei zvinokosha mukuva vazivikanwa.

Gadziriro yeAmerica yehurumende inoita kupesana kwakaoma asi kwemaune kwesimba uko kwakavapo kwanopfuura mazana maviri amakore. United States inoshandisa gadziriro inonzi unionalism, iyo iri mubatanidzwa wamasimba pakati pehurumende dzorudzi nedzeruwa. Iri boka rinobatira madonzo akawanda: rinodzivisa kuiswa kwechiremera chikuru zvikuru musangano rimwe ripi neripi rehurumende, rinobvumira masangano kubatira senzvimbo dzokuedza mitoo itsva, uye rinoparira mitsetse yakasiana yokuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika pakati pavagari vemo navamiririri vawo vakasarudzwa. Nokuda kwevavhoti vanotsvaka kupesvedzera kana kuti kunzwisisa chikonzero nei nhau dzakati dzichibatwa nenzira yakasiana - siana, kunzwisisa ichi chimiro chehurumende chiri chinokosha.

Kutangwa kweBumbiro reMitemo Rehurumende

Kubva Panyaya Dzokubatanidzwa Kuenda Kubumbiro Remitemo

Gadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica haina kuumbwa zvizere. Pashure pokunge nyika dzeAmerica dzawana rusununguko rwadzo kubva kuEngland, nyika dzine gumi nenhatu dzakava nyika dzine gumi nenhatu. Nyika itsva dzakasarudza kushanda pamwe chete. Gadziriro yadzo yehurumende yakarondedzerwa muNhevedzo dzeConfederation. Mutsika ino, hurumende dzehurumende dzakanga dzine simba gurusa. Iyi gadziriro yokutanga yakabvumikisa kuva inodenha, sezvo chinyorwa chakapa simba guru kuhurumende 13 uye zvishoma zvikuru kuCongress, zvichiita kuti hurumende yorudzi isashande uye ive rwisano pakati pehurumende.

Vachiziva utera ihwohwu, Madzibaba Okuumba akafunga kuti tsika ino yakasiya nyika yakanyanyoneta. Vakasarudza kuvamba gadziriro itsva yehurumende. Vakanyora gwaro idzva rinonzi Constitution, kutsiva Nheyo dzeConfederation. Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadza mutoo wakadzikama zvikuru. Bumbiro reMitemo rakaumba Federal . Rakapa simba kuzvose zviri zviviri Federal Government nehurumende dzehurumende. Iyi gadziriro inonzi rehurumende yehurumende.

Penjero Yegumi Nesimba Rakachengetedzwa

Humwe hwegadziriro dzinokosha zvikurusa dzebumbiro remitemo dzokunzwisisa ukama hwehurumende yeTenth Amendment. Pestemendment kuBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. injo yokupedzisira muBill of Rights, yakasimbiswa muna 1791. Inorava kuti, "Masimba asina kupiwa United States neBumbiro reMitemo remitemo, kana kuti kurambidzwa neUnited States, anochengeterwa United States, kana kuti vanhu."

Iyi gadziridzo inosimbisa nheyo huru yokudzora kweAmerica: Congress ingaita bedzi kana kune chiremera chinotaurwa kana kuti chinorehwa muBumbiro reMitemo, nepo hurumende dzingaita kutoti Bumbiro reMitemo rikarambidza chiito chacho. Nokuda kwavavhoti, ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende dzine chiremera chakafara chokukurukura nhau dzisina kugoverwa zvakananga kuhurumende yehurumende, kuita sarudzo yehurumende nenzvimbo dzehurumende zvinokosha zvikuru nokuda kwenharaunda dzakawanda dzemiitiro inotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Ukama nechiremera zvehurumende nehurumende yemubatanidzwa zvinodzorwa neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. hurumende yehurumende inogoverwa masimba akati apo mamwe masimba ose asingarambidzwi neimwe nzira neBumbiro reMitemo anochengetwa kuhurumende. Ichi chirongwa chebumbiro remitemo chinoparira hwaro hwemabasa akasiyana ehurumende imwe neimwe inoita munzanga yeAmerica.

Masimba Ehurumende Nemabasa

Masimba Akavapo

Hurumende yehurumende inoshanda pamasimba akati anopiwa neBumbiro reMitemo. Akaiswa, kana kuti ataurwa, masimba ndiwo akarongwa muBumbiro remitemo seehurumende yehurumende. Aya masimba anobatanidza chaizvoizvo nhau dzinotapura rudzi rwose zvarwo kana kuti anoda mipimo yorudzi yakafanana.

Mitoro yeFederal inobatanidza kudzivirira nyika, muitiro wokumwe, kudzora kubuda, kutengeserana kwenyika, mari negadziriro yemari, mabasa epositi, uye kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzokuita zvinhu nekodzero dzomunhu. Hurumende yehurumende inotarisirawo Social Security, Medicare, uye mamwe mapurogiramu enzanga munyika yose. Chinoparira kuumbwa kwehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende ndechokugovera kudzikamiswa nokurongeka kwenzanga, muupfumi uye inomirira USA muukama hwenyika yose.

Kunzwisisa aya masimba ehurumende kunobetsera vavhoti kuziva nguva yokuonana navatevedzeri vavo veUnited States, vamiriri vedare rehurumende, kana kuti kuisa ngwariro pasarudzo dzapurezidhendi. Nhau dzakadai sokuchinja vatami, zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana zvamarudzi ose, kuiswa kwemauto, uye muitiro wemitero wehurumende unodzika chose chose muhurumende, kuchiita sarudzo yehurumende nzvimbo yakafanira nokuda kwavavhoti pamusoro penhau idzi.

Masimba Akashandiswa uye Claus Wezvokutengeserana

Kupfuura masimba akarongwa zvakajeka, hurumende yehurumende yehurumende yakabatanidzawo zviito zvakarehwa. Mukuwirirana neChikamu 1, Chikamu 8, "Chikamu cheChikamu cheSangano chichava neSimba... kuita Mitemo yose ichava iri madikanwa neyakafanira yokuita Masimba achangobva kududzwa, uye mamwe Masimba ose akashongedzwa neBumbiro reMitemo muHurumende yeUnited States, kana kuti muBato ripi neripi kana kuti muMumiririri waro." MuMcCulloch v. Maryland, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatonga kuti "Nacesary and Factredious" rinopa hurumende yomubatanidzwa mamwe masimba anorehwa.

Simba rakafara zvikurusa rehurumende yehurumende renyika razova Commerce Claus. Iyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo, iyo inopa Congress simba rokudzora kutengeserana kwenyika imwe cheteyo, yakadudzirwa zvikuru munguva yakati, ichibvumira kubatanidzwa kwehurumende mumativi akawanda ebasa remari. Voter vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti ukuru hwesimba rehurumende hwakakura zvikuru kupfurikidza nokududzirwa kwemitemo yegadziriro idzi dzebumbiro remitemo, zvikurukuru mukati mezana ramakore rechi20.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo Neutano

Hurumende yehurumende inoita basa rinokosha mukugadza mipimo yorudzi rwose nokuda kwedziviriro yemhoteredzo noutano hwavanhu vose. Hurumende yehurumende ndiyo bedzi mutoro wokuita mutemo munyika yose kuti idzivirire mhoteredzo noutano hwavagari vemo. Actromotions dzakafanana neNdengedzo yeNzvimbo dzinodzivirira njodzi (EPA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), uye Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inoshanda pamwero yehurumende, ichiita mitemo inoshanda munyika dzose.

Nokuda kwavavhoti vanoitira hanya pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze, mipimo yemhepo nemvura, kuchengeteka kwezvokudya, kana kuti mirau yemishonga, vachiziva kuti iyi mitoro yehurumende inovabetsera zvikurukuru kutungamirira kushambadza kwavo nokuvhota kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kupesvedzera iyi miitiro.

Masimba Ehurumende Nemabasa

Simba Rakachengetwa Mu Amendekoroni Yegumi

Masimba akasiyiwa masimba api naapi ayo hurumende dzehurumende dzinochengeta muKuchinja kweTgumi.United States ine simba ripi neripi iro Bumbiro Remitemo risina kugovera kuhurumende yehurumende kana kuti kusabvumirwa.

Hurumende dzinodzora chaizvoizvo gadziriro yedzidzo, gadziriro dzezvokufambisa, kuchengeteka kwehurumende uye mutemo, kutarisirwa kwezvoutano, kuchengetwa kwenyanzvi, roorano uye mutemo wepfuma, mutemo wezvinhu, gadziriro dzoutsotsi, uye kutarisirwa kwedare redare. Nzvimbo dzemutoro mukuru wehurumende dzinobatanidza dzidzo, mutezo weinishuwarenzi, ruramisiro youtsotsi, kuchengetwa kwegadziriro yemabhangi maviri, kuchengetedzwa kwemiganhuro yehurumende, uye kutarisirwa kwegadziriro dzavashandi vehurumende.

Nokuda kwavavhoti, ikoku kunoreva kuti akawanda amabasa nemitemo zvavanobatira pamwe kazhinji zvikurusa nezvinonzi — kubva muzvikoro zvavana vavo kusvikira kumigwagwa yavanoendesa kumadhipatimendi emapurisa munzanga dzavo — inodzorwa zvikurukuru nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo panzvimbo peWashington, D.C. hurumende nokuda kwagavhuna, vatongi vehurumende, uye vatongi vehurumende naizvozvo ine tapuro huru paizvi zvinhu zvezuva riri rose.

Dzidzo: Ibasa Rehurumende Repamusorosoro

Dzidzo inogovera muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wokuti hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinogoverana sei mitoro apo nyika dzinochengeta udzori hwehwapakuvamba.

Zvisinei, hurumende yehurumende inoitawo basa. Hurumende yehurumende inogovera 10,8% yemari yose inodikanwa nokuda kwemwero yezvikoro zvepuraimari zvepuraimari nesekondari. Kunyange zvazvo hurumende yehurumende ichigovera mari shomanene mudzidzo yokutanga nesekondari, inoita muitiro unotungamira wose kuti uitwe nehurumende dziri muchikamu chedzidzo. Mirayiro yeFederal, yakadai seiyo inoda kuedzwa kwapamutemo, inofanira kuitwa nehurumende, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzichiva nechinjika zvikuru mumasvikire adzo idzodzi dzinoda.

Vadzori vanoitira hanya pamusoro pomuitiro wedzidzo vanofanira kupinda pamwero yose iri miviri: sarudzo dzehurumende dzinosarudza miitiro yedzidzo yakawanda zvikurusa, nepo pesvedzero yesarudzo yehurumende yokutsigira mari nemirairo yakafara. Kunzwisisa iri boka kunobetsera vavhoti kuvhotera nyajambwa wavo wokudzora nenzira inobudirira uye kudzivisa kangaidziko apo vakuru vakuru vomubatanidzwa vasingagoni kutaura nhau dzedzidzo dzinodzorwa nehurumende.

Nyika Semasangano Ehurumende Inosarudzwa Nehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Rimwe ramativi anoyevedzwa zvikurusa ehurumende nderokuti mashoko anogona kushanda sa "masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu," sokutaura kwakaita Mutongi weDare Gurusa weU.S. Louis Brandeis. Uyu murangariro unobvuma kuti masangano anogona kuedza nemitoo yakasiana, achibvumira mitoo inobudirira kugamuchirwa namamwe maruwa kana kuti kuenzana kusingabudiriri, nepo kuedza kusingabudiriri kuchiripo.

Mienzaniso yemiitiro yehurumende inobatanidza wedzero dzemibhadharo yakaderera, kunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwembanje, kuwedzera kwezvoutano, mitemo yemhoteredzo, uye kuchinja kwokuvhota. Apo vavhota vanotaura kuti vane simba iri rokuedza, vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani chikonzero nei mitemo inosiana mumativi ose enyika uye kuti kuva mutevedzeri wehurumende kunogona sei kupedza purogiramu yenyika pakupedzisira ingapesvedzera muitiro wenyika.

Kupindira Kunoita Hurumende Dzehurumende Nehurumende

Misi Yokushanda Nemari

Ukama pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende hahusati huchingovawo zvahwo hwenzvimbo dzakaparadzana. Hurumende yehurumende inogadza zvirongwa kuti zviitwe murudzi rwose. Idzi inhau dzinowirirana dzinowa pasi pomurairo wehurumende yehurumende yehurumende ndokubata vagari veUS vose. Zvisinei, hurumende dzehurumende dzinotanga kuitwa kweidzi purogiramu. Hurumende yehurumende inoisa zvikumbiro pahurumende, dzinozivikanwa sezvirevo zvehurumende, kuti dzishandise mapurogiramu ayo.

Iyi mirairo ingave inotsigirwa zvizere nehurumende yehurumende, inotsigirwa zvishoma nemari nehurumende nehurumende kana kuti zvirevo zvisina kutenderwa. Mirayiro yakaiswa munyika pasina kuperekedzwa nemari yehurumende yave ichimutsa nharo zvikuru, sezvo ivo vanomanikidza hurumende kudzosa zviwanikwa kuti zvisvitse zvinodikanwa zvehurumende.

Hurumende yehurumende inopesvedzerawo muitiro wehurumende kupfurikidza nezvipo uye mari inopirwa. Hurumende yehurumende ingasadzora zvakananga idzi nzvimbo, asi inogona kupa zvikarakadzo kuti hurumende dziite zvadzinoda kupfurikidza nezvipo nezvipi. Vara kubva kuhurumende yehurumende kuhurumende kunzvimbo dzingauya nemirayiridzo yakakomba yokuti mari ishandiswe sei. Iyi nzira inobvumira hurumende yehurumende kuumba muitiro munzvimbo dzinodzorwa nehurumende, dzakadai semipimo yokuvaka mugwagwa kana kuti medicaid.

Kusunungurwa Kwenyika Nechitsotsi chaClaus

Apo mitemo yehurumende nehurumende inorwisana, Supremacy Claus yeBumbiro reMitemo inosimbisa mutemo iwoyo wehurumende. Supremacy Claus muChikamu VI cheBumbiro reMitemo inoita kuti mutemo wehurumende uve mukuru kumutemo wenyika. Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa sekusunungurwa kwomubatanidzwa, inoreva kuti hurumende haigoni kuita mitemo inopokanidza mutemo wehurumende unoshanda.

Zvisinei, kusarudza apo kusunungurwa kwomubatanidzwa kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Gavhuna vanoziva kudikanwa kwokupindira kwehurumende vanofanira kukundikana kuita pamwe chete panhau dzeitiro hanya yapamutemo. Mitemo yehurumende, zvisinei, inofanira kuva yakasiana panzvimbo pomutemo. Vadzori vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti rwisano pakati pehurumende nomutemo wehurumende pakupedzisira dzinopedzwa nematare ehurumende, neDare Gurusa richishanda somuvambidzi wokupedzisira.

Kuramba kweHurumende Nokushandira Pamwe

Nyika dzine simba rinokosha rokuumba maitirwe emitemo yehurumende (kana kuti dzinobatira pamwe nesangano rehurumende. Kana vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevomunzvimbomo vachigona kubatira pamwe, vanofanira kubatira pamwe, kana kuti vanorambidzwa kubatira pamwe navakuru vakuru vehurumende zvikurukuru inhau yomutemo wehurumende. Ikoku kunoparira mhatsa huru mumashandire anoita mitemo yehurumende munyika dzakasiyana - siyana.

Nyika, kubatanidza matare ehurumende, dzinoita basa guru zvikuru kupfuura izvo vanhu vazhinji vanoziva mukusarudza kana uye kuti mitemo yehurumende inoitwa sei — uye mukudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. magweta ehurumende anogona kudenha zviito zvomubatanidzwa mudare, masangano ehurumende anogona kupfuudza mitemo inoganhurira batira pamwe yehurumende nokuchengetwa kwomubatanidzwa, uye matare ehurumende anogona kududzira mitemo yehurumende kugovera dziviriro huru zvikuru kupfuura zvinodikanwa nomutemo wenyika.

Nokuda kwavavhoti, ikoku kunoreva kuti sarudzo dzehurumende dzinosarudza kwete bedzi miitiro yehurumende asiwo kuti hurumende yadzo ichashanda sei noutsinye kana kuti nebatira pamwe nehurumende.

Nei Kuziva Izvi Kuchikosha Pakuparadzira Mashoko Kuchibudirira

Kutungamirira Kunzvimbo Yakarurama Yehurumende

Imwe yebetsero dzinoshanda zvikurusa dzokunzwisisa misiyano yehurumende kuziva kwokutungamirira nhamburiko dzokuita basa rokubudisira mari.Varidzi vamashoko vanoonana nomutarisiri wavo weU.S. pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvechikoro zvomunzvimbomo kana kuti mumiriri wavo wehurumende pamusoro pemiitiro yokutama havabviri kuwana miuyo yavo inodikanwa nemhaka yokuti vakuru vakuru ava havana simba pamusoro penhau idzodzo.

Apo vavhoti vanonzwisisa mwero upi wehurumende unodzora nharaunda dzakati dzemitemo, vanogona kubvunza vakuru vakuru vakafanira, kutsigira zvirongwa zvokuvhota, uye kunangidzira bvumirano yavo yehurumende apo ichava inobudirira zvikurusa.

Kuita Kuti Vakuru Vakuru Vakarurama Vazvidavirire

Kuzvidavirira ihwaro hwokutonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Federalism inobatira kugovera mutoro wezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete kuuvhara.Apo vavhoti vanonzwisisa mwero wehurumende ine mutoro nokuda kwemiitiro yakati, vanogona kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakafanira vazvidavirire kupfurikidza nesarudzo, dzvinyiriro yavose, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga.

Vasinganzwisisi izvi, vavhoti vangapomera vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwokukundikana kwehurumende kana kuti kupesana, vachibvumira masangano ane mutoro zvirokwazvo kutiza kuzvidavirira.

Kusarudza Zvakanaka

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yomubatanidzwa kunobetsera vavhoti kuita zvisarudzo zvine mufungo zvikuru pamusoro pezvisarudzo pamusoro pokuti vadaviri vanofanira kuisa nzvimbo yokutanga uye ndezvipi zvinofanira kutsigira. Nepo sarudzo dzapurezidhendi dzichigamuchira ngwariro hurusa yezvinobudisa nhau, sarudzo dzehurumende nedzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzine tapuro yakananga zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavavhoti kupfurikidza nokudzora dzidzo, zvokufambisa, chengeteko yavose, uye murairo wokutarisira utano.

Vazivi vanonzwisisa ikoku vanogona kuronga nguva yavo nezviwanikwa nenzira inowirirana nejeko, vanonzvera vatsvaki vemitemo vehurumende savapindi vemibatanidzwa, vanotora rutivi mumibatanidzwa yehurumende neyehurumende yomunzvimbomo, uye vanopinda mukutanga kwokuvhota mutemo wehurumende wakananga. Uku kuita kwokuchenjera kwokuvhota kunowedzera tapuro yokutora rutivi kwenzanga.

Kunzwisisa Kuchinja Kwemitemo Mhiri Kwenyika

Mitemo mishomanene, mitemo yembanje, mitemo yokuvhota, nzira dzokuvhota nadzo, kukwanisa kuwana utano, uye mimwe miitiro isingaverengeki inosiyana munyika nehurumende nemhaka yokuti nyika dzinoshandisa masimba adzo akachengetedzwa akavakirwa nenzira yakasiyana patsika dzadzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika nezvisarudzo zvomuvhoti.

Vazivi vanonzwisisa mhatsa iyi vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvezivo pamusoro penzvimbo yokugara, igadziriroi yehurumende yokutsigira kana kuti kushora, uye nzira yokutsigira nayo chinjo dzemiitiro. Vanogona kunzwisisawo zviri nani chikonzero nei nhau dzakati dzisingagoni kugadziriswa zvakafanana pamwero wehurumende uye nei kurongeka kwenzvimbo yehurumende kuchiramba kuchikosha nokuda kwenharidzano dzakawanda dzemiitiro.

Kubatana Pakati Pokunzwisisa kweHurumende Nekubatana

Kubatanidzwa Kwebic Kunopfuura Kupiwa

Chibvumirano cheCopic chinonongedzera kutora rutivi kwokushingaira mumibato yehurumende, yenzanga, uye yenzanga inoumba nzanga. Nepo kuvhota kuri madikanwa, kunzwisisa chimiro chehurumende kuchigonesa kutora rutivi rukuru rwehurumende. Chibvumirano cheCopic hachisati chichingova bedzi chokuisa chivhoti nokuda kwenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye sarudzo yehurumende. Haasi munhu ari wose munyika yedu ane maruramiro okuvhota, asi munhu ari wose ane maruramiro okuita chibvumirano chehurumende.

Apo vanhu vanonzwisisa mwero upi wehurumende unodzora nhau chaidzo, vanogona kupinda mukurwisana nokusasarura, kupinda kutonga kwavose kwakafanira, kukumbanira masangano akakodzera okusasarura, uye kutora rutivi mukurukurirano dzemitemo pamwero wakarurama wehurumende. Iyi zivo inoshandura vavhoti vasingashandi kuva vagari vemo vanoshingaira vanogona kupesvedzera muitiro pakati pesarudzo.

Kuzvidavirira Kwematongerwe Enyika

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinosarudza kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo pakati pavanhu kuvhota. Voter anoenda kunoona mwero wevagari vemo wokubatanidzwa mune zvematongerwe enyika, chinhu chinokosha pakuvimbisana kwehurumende(/uye chinodikanwa chokuramba tichizvidavirira kuna vanhu. Apo vavhota vanonzwisisa kukosha kwehurumende uye kusarudza kwomunzvimbomo, kwete makwikwi ehurumende chete, kuvimbisana kwehurumende yose kunowedzera.

Nenzira isingafadzi, muvhoti anowanzoderera zvikuru muhurumende uye sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kana zvichienzaniswa namakore echitungamiriri. Ikoku kunoparira kuperevedza kwehurumende dzinogamuchira hurumende dzine tapuro yakananga muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kunzvera kuduku. Vavhoti vanodzidzisa pamusoro pegadziriro yehurumende vanogona kubetsera kupedza uku kusadzikama kupfurikidza nokusimbisa ukoshi hwemitezo yose yehurumende.

Kusimbisa Kutora Rutivi Rwehurumende

Mugari wemo akabatana nehurumende dzose anopa mhinduro yokuti gadziriro dzehurumende yegutsaruzhinji dzinoda kuva dzinogamuchira uye dzinobudirira.

Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende inoshanda sei pamwe chete kunobatsira kuti vanhu vagarisane, vavimbe nevamwe, uye vawane mari yokutsigirana, kunoita kuti pave nehurumende inotonga zvakanaka uye inoita kuti vanhu varambe vachitsigira hurumende.

Mienzaniso Inoshanda Yemisiano Yomugariro Wenharaunda

Muitiro Wokutarisira Utano

Ungwaru hunoenzanisira kubatanidzwa kwakaoma pakati pechiremera chehurumende nehurumende. Hurumende yehurumende inoshanda Medicare nokuda kwavakura uye inogadza gadziriro yaMedicaid, asi hurumende dzinotarisira mapurogiramu eMedicaid ndokuita zvisarudzo zvakakomba pamusoro pokuva akasununguka nebetsero. Affordable Care Act inogadzira mipimo yehurumende nokuda kweinishuwarenzi youtano, asi inotonga kana kukudza Medicaid uye nzira yokudzora nayo misika yeinishuwarenzi mukati menhungamiro dzehurumende.

Vadzori vanoitira hanya pamusoro pokuwana kwoutano vanofanira kupinda pamwero yose iri miviri: Sarudzo yehurumende inosarudza kuvapo uye gadziriro yepurogiramu dzakadai seMedicare neACA, nepo sarudzo dzehurumende dzichisarudza kuwedzerwa kwaMedicaid, mirau, uye kutarisirwa kwezvoutano. Kunzwisisa iri boka rinobetsera vavhoti kutungamirira nenzira inobudirira kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa chikonzero nei kukwanisa kuwana utano kuchisiyana - siyana munyika.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Nomutemo

Ruramisiro youtsotsi zvikurukuru mutoro wehurumende nowomunzvimbomo.

Zvisinei, hurumende yehurumende inoitawo rutivi kupfurikidza nemitemo yehurumende yeutsotsi, FBI uye mamwe masangano ehurumende anochengeta mutemo, matorongo ehurumende, uye mari nokuda kwesimba rehurumende neromutemo womunzvimbomo. Mitemo yehurumende yekodzero dzavagari vemo inodzvinyirira miitiro youtsotsi yehurumende.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo

Gadziriro yemhoteredzo inoratidzira kuti hurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinogona sei kushanda pamwe chete kana kuti mukusagadzikana. Mwero mitatu yehurumende inobatira pamwe nomumwe kuunganidza mashoko ndokupedza tapuro dzechinjo yemamiriro okunze. Mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende unoita mabasa ayo okudzivirira mhoteredzo akakomba. Hurumende yehurumende inoisa mipimo yemhoteredzo yakavakirwa panzvimbo imwe chete namasangano akafanana neEPA, asi nyika dzinogona kutora dziviriro dzakati wandei.

Dzimwe nyika dzakaita miitiro yemamiriro okunze anodenha, mirairo yesimba inomutsidzirwa, uye mipimo yokubudisa zvinopfuura zvinodikanwa zvehurumende, nepo dzimwe dzakadzivisa mirau yemhoteredzo yehurumende. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvemhoteredzo zvevoter zvinofanira kuzivisa zvose zviri zviviri vhoti dzavo dzomuhurumende (iyo inosarudza muitiro worudzi wemhoteredzo noutungamiriri hwesangano) uye vhoti dzehurumende (iyo inotema kana hurumende yavo ichava mutungamiriri wemhoteredzo yapasi kana kuti inoderedzwa).

Kutarisira Kusarudza

Nenzira inosetsa, sarudzo dzimene dzinoenzanisira mapoka ehurumende. United States inodzora mativi mazhinjisa ezvokuvhota, kubatanidza miitiro yokuvhota, mitoo yokuvhota, kuvhota nzvimbo, uye gadziriro yokuvhota. Ndicho chikonzero nei miitiro yokuvhota ichisiana zvikuru munyika dzose (zvimwe zvinopa kuvhota kwapakuvamba zvikuru uye mapepa etsamba, nepo mimwe ine miitiro inoganhurira zvikuru.

Hurumende yehurumende inogadza dziviriro dzakati kupfurikidza neVoing Rights Act uye mumwe mutemo, uye sarudzo dzehurumende (dzapurezidhendi, vatendi, uye vamiriri) dzinoitwa mukuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo rehurumende. Zvisinei, masangano anochengeta udzori hukuru pamusoro penzira iyo sarudzo dzinoitwa. Majeri anoitira hanya pamusoro pokupinda kwasarudzo neperero naizvozvo anofanira kubatanidzwa zvikurukuru pamwero yehurumende, umo mitemo mizhinji yesarudzo inoitwa.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pesimba Renyika Nerehurumende

Pfungwa Isina Kunaka: Purezidhendi Anodzora Muitiro Wepamusha Mukurusa

Vavhoti vazhinji vane simba rapamusoro rapurezidhendi pamusoro pomuitiro wemhuri. Nepo purezidhendi ari munhu wezvamatongerwe enyika anooneka zvikurusa uye anoshandisa pesvedzero inokosha, nharaunda zhinjisa dzemiitiro yemhuri , ruramisiro youtsotsi, mutemo wezvinhu, kutengesa zvinhu, uye kurapa kukuru kunoitwa nehurumende. Purezidhendi haagoni kuchinja iyi miitiro, uye kunyange mutemo wehurumende muidzi nharaunda kazhinji kazhinji unotarisana neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kunzwisisa izvi kunobatsira vavhoti kutarisira zvinhu chaizvo zvinogona kuitwa nevanoda kuva purezidhendi uye kukurudzira kufarirwa kukuru kwenyika uye madzinza omunharaunda uko zvisarudzo zvemhuri zvakawanda zvinoitwa chaizvoizvo.

Kukanganisa: Mutemo Wehurumende Unogara Uchidzongonyedza Mutemo Wehurumende

Nepo Supremacy Claus achiita kuti mutemo womubatanidzwa uve mukuru apo unorwisana nomutemo wenyika, ikoku bedzi kunoshanda apo hurumende yehurumende iri kuita mukati mechiremera chayo chebumbiro remitemo.

Mukuwedzera, masangano anogona kugovera dziviriro huru kupfuura zvinoda mutemo wehurumende. Bumbiro remitemo rehurumende rinogona kuvimbisa maruramiro anopfuura ayo ari muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., uye mitemo yehurumende inogona kuisa mitemo ine rumano kupfuura zviduku zvomubatanidzwa. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunobetsera vavhoti kunzwisisa ukoshi hwekugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo rehurumende nedziviriro dzenzvimbo dzehurumende.

Kufungidzira Kusina Kururama: Hurumende Dzehurumende Dzinokosha Zvishoma Kupfuura Hurumende Yehurumende

Nhevedzano dzenhau nengwariro yavose zvinonangidzira ngwariro nenzira isingaenzaniswi pamatongerwe enyika ehurumende, zvikurukuru purezidhendi. Ikoku kunoparira murangariro usina kururama wokuti hurumende yehurumende inokosha zvikuru kupfuura hurumende yehurumende. Chaizvoizvo, hurumende dzehurumende kazhinji kazhinji dzine tapuro yakananga zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo kupfurikidza nokudzora dzidzo, zvokufambisa, kotsekano yavose, kuisa pamutemo wehurumende, uye kurapa kukuru.

Mari yakarongwa yehurumende pamwe chete inopfuura mari yehurumende, vashandi vehurumende vanopfuura vashandi vehurumende, uye miitiro yehurumende inoita zvakawanda zvemhatsa mumugariro woupenyu munyika yose. Vachengeti vanonzwisisa ikoku sezvingabvira zvikuru kupinda zvakakomba namasarudzo ehurumende uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire.

Zviwanikwa Zvokunzwisisa Kurongwa Kwehurumende

Zviwanikwa Zvedzidzo

Masangano ehurumende anowanzobatanidza mashoko pamusoro pemasimba ehurumende uye sangano redzidzo reCBICO anopa zviwanikwa zvisiri zvehurumende zvinotsanangura kuti basa rehurumende rakasiyana sei.

Maraibhurari, makoreji enzanga, uye masangano ehurumende anowanzogovera gadziriro dzedzidzo yapachena pamusoro pechimiro chehurumende nokutora rutivi kwenzanga.

Kutevera Hurumende Panzvimbo Dzakasiyana - siyana

Vavhoti vakadzidziswa vanofanira kutevera nhau nezvinoitika pamitemo yehurumende, hurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo. Ikoku kunoreva kurava hurumende namanyuko enhau omunzvimbomo, kwete bedzi zvinobudisa nhau, uye kupa ngwariro kumarusando ehurumende, zviito zvehurumende, uye misangano yehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Hurumende dzakawanda nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvino dzinodira misangano paIndaneti, zvichiita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuchengeta hurumende ichishanda.

Vazivi vanogona kusaina mapepa enhau anobva kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa pamwero yakasiana, vanotevera nhau dzehurumende nedzenzanga dzehurumende, uye kushandisa mawebsite ayo anoronda mutemo panzvimbo dzehurumende nehurumende. Uku kuziva kwakawanda kunogona kuita kuti kuvimbisana kwehurumende kwakakwana zvikuru nezvisarudzo zvokuvhota zviri nani.

Kubatanidzwa Navakuru - vakuru Panzvimbo Dzose

Vamiririri vanofanira kuziva kuti vamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa pahurumende (hurumende yeUnited States, hurumende uye vamiririri vehurumende), uye kuti ihurumende ipi, uye kuti ihurumende ipi, (kana kuti iko, dare reguta, vamiririri vemaruwa).

Kuonana nemukuru mukuru akakodzera panyaya yacho kunoratidza kuti vanhu vanokwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu uye kunowedzera mukana wokupindura zvine musoro.

Nguva Yemberi YechiFederalism Nechibvumirano Chejeti

Ukama Hwenzanga Hweruwa

Munhau yose yenyika, hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzeUnited States dzakarwisa pamusoro pesimba. Uku kunyanduka hakusati kuri chikanganiso asi rutivi rwegadziriro yehurumende, kuchitanga gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pedzikamo yakafanira pakati porudzi nemhatsa yenyika, chiremera chehurumende noutongi.

Vavhoti vachiziva vanofanira kukarira iyi kurukurirano kupfuurira ndokushanduka. Nhau dzakafanana nechinjo yomugariro wokunze, tarisiro youtano, mirau yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye mibvunzo inomuka ichapfuurira kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pomweroi wehurumende inofanira kutungamirira. vavhoti vakapi navanozivikanwa vanogona kutora rutivi muidzi kurukurirano ndokubetsera kuumba shanduka - shanduka yehurumende dzeAmerica kupfurikidza namavhoti avo nebvumirano yenzanga.

Kukosha Kwedzidzo Yemibatanidzwa

Kuyera zivo yehurumende kunomirira denho yakakomba kukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji. Apo vagari vemo havanzwisisi kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei, havagoni kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira mairi kana kuti kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Kusimbisa dzidzo yehurumende muzvikoro nenzanga kunokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakanaka.

Varidzi vemabhuku vanogona kutsigira dzidzo yehurumende nokutsigira kuti pave nenyanzvi dzezvikoro zvezvikoro, kutsigira zvirongwa zvedzidzo yenzanga, uye kuronga kuroorana kwehurumende kwevana vaduku.

Ruzivo Nekutaridzika Kwehurumende

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti vagari vemo vawane mashoko pamusoro pehurumende yose. Mawebsite ehurumende anopa mashoko pamusoro pemitemo, mabhajeti, uye zviito zvehurumende. Masangano anobvumira kukurukurirana zvakananga nevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Masefakisi eIndaneti anonyoresa marekodhi okuvhota uye mipiro yenhimbe. Kurarama kunounza misangano yehurumende mudzimba dzevagari vemo.

Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runokonzerawo zvinetso nokuudzwa mashoko asina kururama uye nokuwanda kwemashoko anowanika. Kufunga kwokuoma uye kuverenga zvinobudiswa muzvinhu zvinobudisa mashoko ndiwo masangano anobatsira kunzwisisa magadzirirwo ehurumende.

Kuita Chiito: Kushandisa Iyi Zivo

Kunzvera Pamadanho Ose

Munhu angadawo kubatana nebato rezvematongerwe enyika ravanofunga kuti vanogoverana basa rimwe chetero nezvinokosheswa. Kunzwisisa mwero wehurumende unodzora nhau dzakati kunobetsera vavhoti kubvunza mibvunzo yakakodzera yavanoda kutora ndokuyera zvikuva zvavo nenzira inobudirira.

Pakunzvera vapamberi vehurumende, vavhoti vanofanira kunangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo dzavo pakudzivirira nyika, kubuda munyika, kutengeserana kwenyika, mitero yehurumende, uye mimwe mitoro yehurumende. Pakunzvera vanoda kutevedzerwa, dzidzo, ruramisiro youtsotsi, uye miitiro yezvoutano yehurumende inofanira kuva zvokutanga. Iyi donzo rakatarwa rinoita kuti nzvero yavana vanoda kufunda ive yakanaka zvikuru uye inokosha.

Kutora Rutivi Panzvimbo Dzose

Vavhoti vakadzidziswa vanofanira kutora rutivi mumakwikwi ose, kwete chete ehurumende yakakwirira. Hurumende, sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, sarudzo chaidzo, uye muvhoti wokutanga kuvhota muitiro wose wechimiro munzira dzinokosha. Kugovera ndichimwe chezvimiro zvinozivikanwa zvikurusa zvebvumirano yehurumende, uye 78% yavakuru vakabvunzurudzwa akataura kuti vanoronga kuvhota munyika iri kuuya uye sarudzo yehurumende.

Vavhoti vakawanda vanorega kuvhota hurumende nesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, vachiparira kuperevedza kwehurumende dzine tapuro yakananga zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva dzinowana nzvero dukusa. Kunzwisisa ukoshi hwehurumende nehurumende yomunzvimbomo kunofanira kusunda vavhoti kutora rutivi muidzi sarudzo nenzira yokutendeka sezvavanoita mumakwikwi apurezidhendi.

Kutsigira Chinjo Dzemitemo

Kushanda kwoumbavha kunoda kuti nhamburiko dziende kumwero wakakodzera wehurumende. Vadzori vanoda kuchinja muitiro wedzidzo vanofanira kunangidzira ngwariro pamatare ehurumende echibvumirano nematare edzidzo. Avo vanoitira hanya pamusoro pokutama vanofanira kubatana navakuru vakuru vehurumende. Vachinji vedare reutsotsi vanofanira kudenha hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, nepo avo vanotsvaka chinjo kuSocial Security vanofanira kukurukura navamiririri vehurumende.

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yehurumende kunodzivisa kupambadza nhamburiko dzokunyengera uye kunowedzera bviro yokusvika nharidzano dzemitemo.

Kudzidzisa Vamwe

Kukurukura mashoko okuti hurumende inodzora zvinhu zvipi, kutsanangura kuti nei mitemo ichisiyana - siyana munyika dzakasiyana - siyana, uye kubatsira vamwe kuziva vamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa pamwero wakasiyana - siyana, zvose zvinobatsira kuti vasarudze vachiziva.

Zivo yemubatanidzwa haisati ichingova bedzi simba rimwe chetero (icho chinobva paboka rinosimbisa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu). Apo vagari vemo vakawanda vanonzwisisa kuti hurumende inoshanda sei, kuzvidavirira kwedemocracy kunovandudza, kuvimbisana kwehurumende kunowedzera, uye hurumende inova inogamuchira zvikuru zvinodikanwa zvomugari wemo.

Mugumisiro: Kuva Mugari Wemo Kunosimbiswa Nokunzwisisa

Kunzwisisa misiyano iri pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende kunochinja vavhoti kubva kuvatori rutivi vasingaiti basa kuva vagari vane simba. Iyi zivo inojekesa kuti vakuru vakuru vapi kuti vaonane, ndevapi vasarudzo kuti vaise mipimo, uye nzira yokutsigira nayo nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwechinjo dzemitemo. Kunotsanangura chikonzero nei mitemo ichisiana munyika dzose, kuti mwero yakasiana sei yehurumende inobatira pamwe, uye uko kuzvidavirira kuripo nokuda kwemabasa chaiwo ehurumende.

Gadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica yakaoma kupfurikidza negadziriro, ichiparira nzvimbo dzakasiana - siana dzesimba uye mitoo yakasiana - siana yokutonga. Uku kuoma kugona kuva kunokangaidza, asi kunoparirawo mikana yepesvedzero yavagari vemo pamwero mizhinji uye inobvumira nokuda kwokuedza kwomuitiro nemhatsa. Vanonzwisisa gadziriro ino vanogona kuishandisa nenzira inobudirira, vachitungamirira simba ravo renharaunda paichava netapuro hurusa.

Munhambo yokuderera kwezivo yavagari vemo nebvumirano, kunzwisisa gadziriro yehurumende kunokosha zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Kunogonesa kutora rutivi kune revo muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kunobetsera kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire, uye kuvimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba ichigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvavagari vemo. Muvhoti ari wose anofanira kushandisa nguva mukunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinosiyana sei, masimbai, uye nzira yokuita nayo nenzira inobudirira nezvose zviri zviviri.

Democracy inoda kuziva, kuvimbisa vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza pamusoro pechibvumirano chehurumende uye kukamukana kwamasimba pakati pehurumende dzehurumende, vavhoti vanozvishongedza vamene kuva vatori rutivi vanobudirira zvikuru muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica. Iyi zivo haisati iri simbawo zvaro redzidzo(icho rinoshanda rezvinoita kuti vagari vemo vagone kuumba mitemo inodzora upenyu hwavo ndokuita kuti vamiriri vavo vasarumbidzwe pamwero iri yose yehurumende.

Kutora Nzvimbo Dzavatambi

  • Hurumende yeFederal inobata nhau dzenyika: Hurumende yehurumende inodzora dziviriro, kutama, kutengeserana kwenyika, mari, Social Security, Medicare, uye muitiro wokumwe (inoda kufanana kworudzi kana kuti kutapura nyika yose.)
  • Hurumende dzeruwa dzinodzora mabasa mazhinjisa ezuva nezuva: Dzidzo, ruramisiro youtsotsi, zvokufambisa, magorokotera, mutemo wemhuri, uye kungwarira kukuru kweutano mitoro yehurumende zvikurukuru, kuchipa sarudzo hurusa paupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
  • Nyika dzinochengeterwa Hurumende yeTenth Amendment dzinoti: Masimba api naapi asingapiwi zvakananga kuhurumende kana kuti anorambidzwa kuhurumende anochengeterwa hurumende, kuchiparira chiremera chakafara chehurumende panzvimbo dzakawanda dzemiitiro.
  • Hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzinobatira pamwe kupfurikidza nezvikumbiro nokushandisa mari: Hurumende yehurumende inopesvedzera muitiro wehurumende kupfurikidza nokutsigira mari, mirairo, uye zvipo zvinotsamira pamigariro, nepo hurumende ichishandisa mapurogiramu akawanda ehurumende uye inogona kudzivisa nhumbu dzehurumende.
  • Kunzwisisa kudzora kunovandudza kudzora: Kuziva mweroi wehurumende unodzora nhau kunobetsera vavhoti kuonana navakuru vakuru vakarurama, kutsigira vadariro, uye kutungamirira nhamburiko dzokushanda nechisimba nenzira inobudirira.
  • Sarudzo yeruwa inofanirwa nengwariro yakaenzana: Pasinei zvapo nokugamuchira kufukidzwa kushoma kwezvinobudisa nhau, sarudzo dzehurumende kazhinji kazhinji dzine tapuro yakananga zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva kupfuura sarudzo dzehurumende uye dzinofanirwa nengwariro yakakomba nebatanidzo.
  • Tsvene inoparira mhatsa yomuitiro:[[FLT: 1] nyika dzinobatira semarabhoritari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kunzvera mitoo yakasiana---tsaukana uye kuparira chinjo yomuitiro iyo inoratidzira mipimo yakasiana - siana nezvinoiswa pakutanga munyika yose.
  • Ubhangi hunoda nzwisiso: Voters dzinogona bedzi kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire apo vanonzwisisa mwero wehurumende unoparira miitiro namabasa zvakati.
  • Kuvimbisana kwechibvumirano chebumbiro remitemo kunotambanukira kupfuura kuvhota: Kunzwisisa gadziriro yehurumende kunogonesa kutora rutivi kukurusa kwenzanga kupfurikidza nokuva nomurayiro, tsinhiro yavose, kuronga nzanga, uye kuvimbisana kunopfuurira navakuru vakuru.
  • Kudzidza kunopfuurira kunosimbisa utongi hwechidiro: Zivo yeCUVI haifaniri kumira panzvimbo imwe cheteyo(maruva) inofanira kupfuurira kuzvidzidzisa vamene pamusoro pegadziriro yehurumende, kutevera zvinoitika pamwero yose, uye kugoverana zivo navamwe kusimbisa kutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende.

Nokuda kwamashoko okuwedzera pamusoro pechibvumirano chehurumende yeAmerica, shanyira USA.gov nhungamiro kukuitwa kwemitemo [, nzvera zviwanikwa pajiko reNational Archives Constitution pa [[FLT:] , dzidza pamusoro pezvivako zvehurumende kupfurikidza ne [[FLT:] .[FLT] .[FLT]], wana mabanza ebvumirano pa [[FLT:] Dare reHurumende yeGaractictures[[FLT]], uye tsvaka mashoko nezvishandiso zvekuvhotera pa [FLT:].[FLT]