Chiziviso cheIndaudiso yeKuzvimirira chinomira serimwe ramagwaro anokosha zvikurusa munhau yomunhu, rinomirira zvinopfuura chiziviso chakapfava cheparadzano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Rugwaro urwu rwakachinja, rwakanyorwa muna 1776, rwuchanyorwa, rwuchafutunurwa kwete bedzi nyika dzeAmerica asiwo runokurudzira masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu mupasi rose kwamazana amakore anouya. Nokuda kwavagari vemo vazvino uno, kunzwisisa ukoshi hukuru hweChibvumirano chinogovera mashoko anokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kodzero, rusununguko, uye mitoro inorondedzera upenyu hwehurumende. chinyorwa ichi chinoshanda senheyo youzivi pakanga pakavakirwa United States, kuvamba mipimo mikuru inopfuurira kutungamirira mitemo yenyika, masangano, uye kuzivikanwa kwakabatana.

Chiziviso chacho chinomirira nguva inokosha apo nyika gumi nenhatu pamwe chete dzakasarudza kuisa mungozi upenyu hwadzo huri hwose ($upenyu hwadzo, pfuma, uye rukudzo runoyera) kugadza rudzi rwakavakirwa panheyo panzvimbo pegamuchidzanwa, umambo, kana kuti kukunda. Rwakashandura uzivi hwokusanzwisisa kuva hweChenjero kuva chiito chinoshanda chezvamatongerwe enyika, ruchizivisa kuti hurumende dzinowana kuva dzapamutemo mukubvumira kwedzose dzinotongwa panzvimbo pekodzero dzaMwari kana kuti ropafadzo yokugara nhaka. Nokuda kwavagari vemo nhasi, iri gwaro rinoramba richishanda nemhaka yokuti rinoumba ukama hunokosha pakati pehurumende navanhu, richirondedzera basa rakafanira rechiremera nekodzero dzinosakafanira idzo pasina hurumende inogona kuputsa nenzira yapamutemo.

Nhoroondo Nechinangwa Chemashoko Acho

Chiziviso cheHundukunuro chakagamuchirwa neContinental Congress musi waJuly 4, 1776, muPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, mukati menhambo yerwisano huru pakati peGreat Britain nenzvimbo dzayo dzeAmerica. Chinyorwa chacho chakabatira madonzo mazhinji akakomba ayo akatambanudza kupfuura kungozivisa bedzi kuparadzana noumambo hweBritain. Chokutanga, chakagovera tsananguro yapachena, yapachena kunzanga yenyika yose yamarudzi ose inotsigira chikonzero nei nyika dzaidavira kuti kuparadzana kwakanga kusati kuri madikanwa bedzi asi kwakarurama mutsika. Ikoku kwakanga kuchikosha nemhaka yokuti nyika dzaida tsigiro yamarudzi ose, zvikurukuru kubva kuFrance neSpain, kuti dzibudirire mukurwisana kwadzoronga yorumbiso pasi penyika ine simba gurusa.

Munyori mukuru, Thomas Jefferson, akapiwa basa neContinental Congress nokunyora gwaro raizoruramisa zvigumbu zvenzvimbo dzacho apo aitanga hwaro hwouzivi hwekodzero yokuzvitonga. Jefferson akakweva zvikuru kubva kuvazivi vokuNzverwa, zvikurukuru John Locke, ane rondedzero pamusoro pekodzero dzomusikirwo nebvumirano yenzanga pakati pehurumende nevagari vemo dzakapesvedzera zvikuru mutauro weProclarative nemufungo. Chinyorwa chacho chakasanorongwa kuti chipe chibvumikiso chine mufungo: Chinovamba nenheyo dzapose pose pose pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu nekodzero dzehurumende, chinopfuurira kuronga kuputswa kwakananga kwakaitwa naMambo George III, uye chinogumisa nokuzivisa kwokuzvimirira kwokuzvimirira senzira iri madikanwa yokuputsa.

Kupfuura chinangwa chayo chapakarepo chezvamatongerwe enyika, Chiziviso chakabatira kubatanidza makoroni mudonzo rimwe chetero uye kugoverana nheyo. Pamberi pekuzvitonga, nyika dzakanga dzine uzivi hwakasiana, upfumi, uye fariro dzairwisana. Chiziviso chakagovera chiono chinobatanidza nedonzo, kuchishandura kupandukira kwakaparadzana kuva sangano rimwe. Chakapa varwi chisakiso chakafanira kurwira izvozvo zvaikurira itiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo, chinosimbisa kuti vakanga vachirwa kwete bedzi nokuda kweyamutero kana kuti maruramiro okudzora asi nokuda kwekodzero huru dzavanhu nekodzero yokuzvitonga.

Gwaro racho rakashandawo basa rinokosha romukati kupfurikidza nokuunganidza varwi vakaramba vasina kusimbwa pamusoro pezvimiriro. Vagari vazhinji vamakoroni vakanga vachiri vanonzwa kuvimbika kuBritain uye vachikarira kuyanana. Ndaza huru yezvinyunyuto(wwwwn - nomwe) yePreciation yaipomerwa Mambo George III yakarongedzerwa kuratidzira kuti kuyanana kwakanga kusingabviri uye kuti mambo akanga aputsa maruramiro avarwi. Kupfurikidza nokunyora aya mufambiro wakashata muudzame, Chiziviso chakaita nhau inogombedzera kuti kuzvimirira chakanga chisati chiri chisarudzo chokukurumidza asi mhinduro iri madikanwa kudzokorokorokorodzazve.

Nheyo Dzemhindumupindu Dzakasimbiswa Murugwaro Rwacho

Chokwadi Chakanaka Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Chiratidzo chakakurumbira zvikurusa chinosimbisa kuti zvokwadi dzakati ndi "dzinozviratidza umene," kureva kuti hadzidi chibvumikiso nemhaka yokuti dzinooneka kumunhu upi noupi ane mufungo. Iyi nzira idikanwi yakanga iri yechinjo mariri mariri imene, sezvayakataura kuti nheyo dzokuenzana kwavanhu namaruramiro omuzvarirwo dzakanga dzisati dziri nhau dzomurangariro, dzidziso yorudzidziso, kana kuti gamuchidzanwa retsika asi maidi apasi pose anowanika kumurangariro womunhu. Kupfurikidza nokuzivisa idzi zvokwadi dzinozviratidza dzimene, Jefferson akadzikwidziridza pamusoro pekurukurirano, achidzigadza sehwaro padzinofanira kutsamira pairi hurumende yose ine mufungo.

Chiziviso chacho chinoti varume vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kutaura kukuru munyika inodzorwa nehurumende dzinodzora nhaka, madzimambo, uye magariro echikaro. Nepo kushandiswa kunoshanda kweiyi nheyo kwakaganhurirwa nenzira ine ngozi muna 1776(106), vakadzi vanoparapatika, vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda, uye vanhu veIvondrial system (nheyo) nheyo yacho imene yaiva nembeu dzewedzero yomunguva yemberi. Kutaurwa kwokuenzana kwavanhu vose kwakagovera nheyo youzivi iyo masangano apashure aizokumbira kutambanurira maruramiro kumapoka aichimbova akapinzwa. Sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo, maruramiro avakadzi, uye kutamburira kuenzana kunopfuurira nokuda kwenheyo iyi nheyo youtezoro, kuratidzira simba rayo rinogara.

Chiziviso chacho chinozivisa kodzero dzisingasaruri, kubatanidza upenyu, rusununguko, uye kurondwa kwomufarwa. Idzi maruramiro dzinorondedzerwa se "dzisingachinjiki," revo dzisingagoni kupiwa, kuchinjwa, kana kuti kubviswa nemhaka yokuti dzinoberekwa nokuvapo kwavanhu. Iyi pfungwa yakadenha murangariro wakapararira wokuti kodzero dzakanga dzapiwa namadzimambo kana kuti hurumende. Panzvimbo pezvo, Chiziviso chakasimbisa kuti kodzero dzinotangira hurumende uye kuti vanhu vanedzo nemhaka bedzi yokuva vanhu. Iyi translate zvikurukuru inochinja ukama pakati pavagari vemo nechiremera, ichi chinosimbisa kuti hurumende dziripo kudzivirira kodzero dzinovapo panzvimbo pokupa ropafadzo pakutonga kwavo.

Kubatanidzwa kwe "kurondwa kwomufarwa" panzvimbo pe "kutsvaka mufarwa""" (jeri rakaoneka muchimiro chaJohn Locke) inomirira chisarudzo chinokosha chouzivi. Nepo kodzero dzezvinhu dzakanga dzinokosha zvamazvirokwazvo kuvavambi, pfungwa huru yokuronda mufarwa inobatanidza ndangariro dzakawanda dzavanhu nerusununguko. Inokarakadza kuti hurumende inofanira kugonesa vagari vemo kurondedzera nokuronda chiono chavo vamene choupenyu hwakanaka, panzvimbo pokurangarira murangariro mumwe wokubudirira kwomunhu. Iyi nheyo inotsigira rusununguko rwomunhu, rusununguko rwake pachake, uye mhatsa yezvisarudzo dzoupenyu izvo zvinoratidzira nzanga dzakasununguka.

Kutsigira uye Kutendera Kwevaitonga

Chiziviso chacho chinotaura zvakajeka rondedzero yakajeka yehurumende yakavakirwa pabvumirano yavadzorwi. Chinotaura kuti hurumende dzinotangwa pakati pavanhu kuti dzichengetedze maruramiro adzo uye kuti simba rehurumende rinobva mukubvumira kwaavo vanodzorwa. Iyi nheyo yakadenha zvakananga maruramiro oumwari amadzimambo nokutonga nhaka, iyo yakataura kuti madzimambo aiwana chiremera chavo kuna Mwari panzvimbo pavanhu vaitonga. Kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti chiremera chapamutemo chinokwira pamusoro pavanhu panzvimbo pokuderera kubva mukugadzwa kwoumwari, Chiziviso chakavamba uchangamire hwakakurumbira senheyo yehurumende yeAmerica.

Iyi rondedzero yenzanga inoreva kuti hurumende haisati iri donzo mariri imene asi mutoo wokuguma na(8) nenzira yakajeka, dziviriro yamaruramiro omuzvarirwo. Apo hurumende inozadzika iri donzo, inofanirwa noruvimbiko netsigiro zvavagari vemo. Zvisinei, apo hurumende inoputsa nhevedzano panzvimbo pokuvadzivirira, inoputsa chibvumirano chenzanga ndokurasikirwa nomutemo wacho. Uyu murangariro unotsamira papamutemo wechiremera chehurumende unopa simba vagari vemo simba rokuyera basa ravo rehurumende uye kuraira kuzvidavirira kuvatungamiriri vavo.

Chiziviso chacho chinopfuurira nokutaura kuti apo hurumende inova inoparadza zvinangwa zvayo zvakarurama, "Ikodzero yevanhu yokuchinja kana kuti kuiparadza, uye kugadza Hurumende itsva. Iyi maruramiro okuchinja anomirira imwe yenheyo hurusa dzeChibvumirano. Inogadza kuti vagari vemo havasati vari vanhuwo zvavo vasingadzoreki vanofanira kutsungirira chipi kana chipi icho hurumende yavo inoisa musero asi vamiririri vanoshingaira vane chiremera chokuvandudza zvikuru masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika apo kunenge kuri madikanwa. Iyi nheyo inobvuma kuti chinjo ine rugare inobetsera / Declaration inozivisa kuti hurumende hadzifaniri kuchinjwa "nokujeka nezvinoparira zvinhu zvishoma" asi dzinozivawo kuti chinjo ingava madikanwa apo denho inodzokashatsa.

Zvinorehwa nenheyo idzi dzevagari vemo vazvino uno zvakadzama. Zvinosimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vabatiri vavanhu panzvimbo pavanatenzi vavo. Vamiririri vakarevererwa vanobata nzvimbo dzavo kwechinguvana nemigariro, vachizviisa pasi pekubvumirana kunopfuurira kweavo vanomirira. Apo vakuru vakuru vanokundikana kudzivirira maruramiro avo kana kuti kushandisa zvisina kufanira chiremera chavo, vagari vemo havana kodzero bedzi asi mutoro wokuita kuti vazvipikire kupfurikidza nemiitiro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakadai sokuvhota, kukumbira, kunyunyuta, uye kuvimbisana kwehurumende.

Ndaza Yezvinyorwa: Kunyora

Chikamu chikuru cheChibvumirano chacho chine ndaza ine udzame yezvichemo zvine udzame zvapamberi pamakumi maviri nenomwe paMambo George III, chinosimbisa nzira chakananga umo hurumende yeBritain yakanga yaputsa maruramiro avagari vemo. Chikamu ichi chinoshanda muzvinangwa zvakawanda: chinoratidzira kuti kuzvimirira kwakanga kusati kuri chisarudzo chokukurumidzira asi mhinduro kukushata kwakadzokororwa, kunopa ufakazi hwakajeka hweudzvinyiriri panzvimbo pezvichemo zvisinganzwisisiki, uye kunoisa chinyorwa nokuda kwevazukuru vekusaruramisira uko kwakada chinjo. Nokuda kwavagari vemo vazvino uno, kunzwisisa zvigumburo izvi kunopa nzwisiso muizvo vakavamba kuvavambi vanorangarira kuputswa kwekodzero dzisingashiviriki uye kubetsera kujekesa nheyo dzavaidziridza kudzivirira.

Zvinyunyuto zvizhinji zvine chokuita nedzokudzokororwa kwamambo nehurumende inomirira uye utongi hwomutemo. Chiziviso chinopomera kuti mambo akabvisa magungano anomirira, akapinganidza kutarisirwa kweruramisiro, ndokuita kuti vatongi vatsaurire kuda kwake bedzi. Idzi nyunyuto dzinoratidzira chitendero chavavambi chokuti hurumende yapamutemo inoda kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba, dare rinotonga razvimirira, uye masangano avamiririri ayo vagari vemo vanogona kutora nawo mukuita mitemo. Vavambi vainzwisisa kuti simba guru rinodzorwa pasina kudziviswa rinotungamirira kuudzvinyiriri uye kuti kudzivirira rusununguko kudikai kuparadzira chiremera chehurumende pakati pamapazu akasiana-kasiyana - siyana uye kuvimbisa kuti vagari vemo vane inzwi rine revoro mukutonga kwavo.

Zvimwe zvichemo zvinokurukura kudzvinyirirwa kwemari nemitero pasina kumirirwa. Chibvumirano chacho chinoronga kunyunyuta pamusoro pemitero yakawanda pasina kubvumirana, kubvisa kutengeserana nedzimwe mativi enyika, uye kunyima vatongi vadzori kuti vatonge mhosva dzavo. Iyi nyunyuto yezvemari yakanga isiri bedzi pamusoro pemari asi pamusoro penheyo huru dzezvirongwa zvokuzvidira uye kodzero dzezvinhu. Vavambi vacho vaidavira kuti vagari vemo havafaniri kuzviisa pamutero kana kuti mutemo wezve zvoupfumi vasina vamiririri vaigona kubvumirana nezviito zvakadaro nokuda kwavo. Iyi nheyo ye "hayi mitero pasina ureveripo" yakava danidzo yokuchinja zvinhu uye inoramba iri kariro huru yokudzora kwehurumende.

Zvinyunyuto zvinoverengeka zvinoitira hanya kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwehondo uye kuiswa kwemauto muzvina. Chiziviso chinopomera kuti mambo akaramba akamira mumauto munguva dzerugare pasina kubvumirana, zvakaita kuti mauto azvimiririre uye ave mukuru kuchiremera chehurumende, uye mauto ane zvikamu zviviri mumisha yavarwi. Idzi nyunyuto dzinoratidzira kuitira hanya kukuru pamusoro pehondo nengozi iyo mauto akamira akasununguka. Vavambi vacho vakadavira kuti simba rehondo nguva dzose rinofanira kuramba riri pasi pechiremera chehurumende uye kuti vagari vemo havafaniri kumanikidzwa kuisa varwi mumisha yavo yavanhu. Idzidzino gare gare gare gare nheyo dzakapesvedzera Hurumende yeThi yeMitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yehondo, iyo inodzivisa varwi kudzora mauto vari voga voga pasina kubvumirana, uye nheyo yokudzora mauto pamusoro pemauto.

Zvichemo zvacho zvinokurukurawo kuramba kwamambo kubvumira mitemo inodikanwa nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavose, kupindira kwake mukutama nokuzviwanisa, uye kurudziro yake yokumukira kwemhuri. Pamwe chete, zvikanganiso izvi zvinoratidzira mufananidzo woudzvinyiriri hwakarongwa / kwete zvikanganiso zvakaparadzana kana kuti kunyengera kwapanhambo nenhambo asi mutoo wamaune wokuputsa kodzero wakarongerwa kuvamba udzvinyiriri hwakakwana. Chibvumirano chinosimbisa kuti varwi vakumbira vakumbirazve kugadziriswa kwezvigumbu zveizvi nenzira dzorugare, bedzi kuti varege kukumbira kana kuti vapindure nokumwezve kukuvadzwa. Chinyorwa ichi chemishonga ine rugare chakanga chiri madikanwa kururamisa nhano yokupedzisira yechinjo.

Pesvedzero Yeziviso Pahurumende yeAmerica Nomutemo

Nheyo dzakajeka muChiziviso Chorusununguko dzakapesvedzera zvikuru chimiro nemipimo zvehurumende yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo Ziviso yacho imene isiri chinyorwa chapamutemo chine gadziriro dzinomanikidzirwa. Chiziviso chakavamba hwaro hwouzivi pakavakirwa Bumbiro reMitemo neBill of Rights gare gare. Simbiso yacho pakodzero dzomusikirwo, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, uye uchangamire hwakakurumbira yakaumba mutoo wavavambi vebumbiro remitemo uye chinopfuurira kuzivisa kududzira pamutemo nhasi.

Gadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo inodzokorora nheyo dzeChibvumirano kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti "Isu Vanhu" tinogadza ndokugadza Bumbiro reMitemo, tichisimbisa uchangamire hwakakurumbira nokubvumirana kwevanodzorwa. Gadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo, nokuparadzana kwaro namasimba, uye zvikwaniriso zvehurumende, zvinoratidzira itiro hanya yeChibvumirano pamusoro pechiremera chakaganhurirwa uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuparadzira simba pakati pamapazu matatu ehurumende yehurumende nehurumende, Bumbiro reMitemo rinogadzira dziviriro murudzi rwoudzvinyiriri hunotsigirwa muzvirevo zveChirevo cheHurumende.

Bill of Rights, yawedzerwa kuBumbiro reMitemo muna 1791, inopa dziviriro dzakananga nokuda kwekodzero dzomusikirwo dzinonongedzerwa muChiratidzo. Kudzivirira kweFirst Amendment nokuda kworusununguko rwokutaura, kutsikirira, rudzidziso, gungano, uye chikumbiro zvinotsigira zvakananga chiono cheChibvumirano chevagari vemo vanogona kutaura norusununguko rwavo, kushandisa zvavanoda, uye kuita kuti hurumende ichengetedze Hurumende inodzivirira kodzero dzepamutemo dzinotevedzerwa nedzinobatwa, chirevo chaGadziro cheFith Amendmentmentation, uye kuvimbisa kwechitanhatu kwedare reSand Rendementation kwehurukuro yedare rinodzorwa zvose zvinomutswa mumhesvo dzeChirevo chedare. Iyi dziviriro inoshandura nheyo dzemitemo kuti dzive nekodzero dzemitemo dzepamutemo idzo vagari vemo vanogona kuisa mudare.

Pesvedzero yeChiziviso ichi inopfuudzira kupfuura mashoko eBumbiro reMitemo kududziro yacho. Dare rapamusoro panhambo nenhambo rakanongedzera Declaration apo raidudzira gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo, zvikurukuru pakukurukura maruramiro makuru nokuenzana. Nepo Chiziviso chacho chisina simba romutemo, chinopa mashoko anokosha enhau kuti chinzwisise mipimo nenheyo zvaiumba chizvarwa chakagadzwa. Apo matare anodudzira mutauro webumbiro remitemo unojeka, simbiso yekodzero dzomusikirwo, kuenzana kwavanhu, uye hurumende yakaganhurirwa inogona kuzivisa kunzvera nokubetsera kujekesa revo yeBumbiro remitemo.

Chiziviso chacho chakagadzawo mienzaniso inokosha yetsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzeAmerica nemipimo yavagari vemo. Kutaura kwacho kwokuti vagari vemo vane maruramiro okuchinja kana kuti kuparadza chishoro chehurumende inodzvinyirira chinobvumidzwa kuva chine maruramiro echiito chezvamatongerwe enyika chine rugare uye kusabvumirana. Mugamuchidzanwa rezvamatongerwe enyika reAmerica, kutsoropodza miitiro yehurumende, kuronga masangano echishoro, uye kutsigira chinjo huru hazvisi mabasa okusavimbika asi zviito zvomutoro izvo Mutemo unotsigira. Iyi gamuchidzanwa yechishoro chakavimbika, apo vagari vemo vanogona kusabvumirana zvakasimba nehurumende yavo nepo vanoramba kuomerera kumitemo yemitemo yehurumende, inosiyanisa masangano ehurumende yehurumende inotonga pasi poruzhinji umo kupesana nokutonga kwoudzoro.

Kuganhurirwa Kwezviziviso Nepokanidzano

Nepo Ziviso yeKuzvimirira yakafumura nheyo dzechinjo dzetsika dzavanhu nekodzero dzomusikirwo, kushandiswa kwayo kwakanga kwakaganhurirwa nenzira ine ngwavaira mukushanda. Kutaura kwokuti "varume vose vanosikwa vakaenzana" hakuna kutambanudzira kuvaAmerica vakaiswa muuranda, vakadzi, vanhu vakaberekerwamo, kana kuti kunyange varume vachena vasina chinhu muna 1776. Mukaha uyu pakati penheyo dzapasi pose dzeChiziviso nokushandiswa kwavo kunosarudzwa unomirira imwe yepokanidzano huru zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica, iyo yakaumba rwisano dzenyika pamusoro pekodzero dzavagari vemo neuenzani kwamakore anodokusvika 250.

Nharo dzinooneka zvikuru dzinobatanidza uranda. Vazhinji vavasai veChiziviso chacho, kubatanidza Thomas Jefferson amene, vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda kunyange sezvo vakazivisa kuti vanhu vose vane maruramiro asingachinjiki kuupenyu, rusununguko, uye kurondwa kwomufarwa. Rondedzero yapakuvamba yaJefferson yeChibvumirano yaibatanidza kushurikidza kushambadza kwavaranda uye kupomera Mambo George III nokuda kwokupfuurira kwayo, asi ichi chikamu chakabviswa pakuomerera kwenhume dzinobva kuSouth Carolina neGeorgia, pamwe chete nenhume dzokumusoro dzinobatanidzwa mukutengeswa kwavaranda. Uku kushatisa kwamashoko kwakazivisa kusawirirana kukuru pakati penheyo dzemitemo yemitemo yezvemari nedzero dzenzanga dzeAmerica.

Kupokanidzana pakati pouranda nenheyo dzeChibvumirano hakuna kushata kusingacherechedzwi navanhu vakararama panguva imwe cheteyo. Vanhu vakabatira varanda navadzori vakakumbira mutauro weChiziviso kuti varwisane nouranda, vachinongedzera unyengeri hwerudzi rwakavakirwa parusununguko rwainyimwa rusununguko kumamiriyoni. Frederick Douglas, mukutaura kwake kwakakurumbira muna 1852 "Chino muranda Chinonzi chechina cheChina chaJuly," chakabudisa zvakasimba iyi pokanidzano, vachibvunza kuti vaAmerica vaigona sei kuchengeta rusununguko apo vaichengeta uranda. Kunyange zvakadaro Douglas akazivawo kuti chiziviso charwo, kana chaizoda kurambidzwa nouranda.

Vakadzi vakabviswa zvakafanana pachipikirwa cheChiziviso chokuenzana. Abhigairi Adhama akakurudzira murume wake John Adams nenzira yakakurumbira ku "yeuka vakadzi" pakugadza mitemo yorudzi rutsva, vachinyevera kuti vakadzi havanganzwi vasungwa nemitemo yavasina inzwi. Kukumbira kwake kwakafuratirwa, uye vakadzi vakaramba vari pasi pavarume, vasingakwanisi kuvhota, pfuma yavo muzita ravo vamene kana vakaroorwa, kana kuti kutora rutivi zvizere muupenyu hwehurumende. Kwaizotora makore anenge 150 okubatira Mwari vakadzi vasati vawana maruramiro okuvhota neContentic Reformation muna 1920. Boka ravakadzi rakaramba nguva dzose kukumbira nheyo dzemitemo, vachiramba kuti kana vanhu vose vakasikwa nekodzero dzisingatsauki, idzi kodzero dzinofanira kutambanurira kuvakadzi sevarume.

Vanhu vemo vakatarisana nerudzi rwakasiana. Chiziviso chinobatanidza pakati pezvichemo zvacho popomero yokuti Mambo George III "akavavarira kuunza pavagari vemiganhu yedu, vaIndia vasina tsitsi vaSavages. Mutauro uyu unobvisa utema wakaratidzira murangariro wavagari vomunyika imwe semhinganidzo dzokuwedzera panzvimbo pevanhu vane kodzero dzavo vamene neuchangamire. Rudzi rutsva rwakavakirwa panheyo dzemipimo yemupimo nekodzero dzomusikirwo ruchaputsa zvirongwa namarudzi azvo, ndokutora nyika dzavo, uye kuronda miitiro yokubvisa uye kuparadzwa kwetsika. Kupokanidzana pakati penheyo dzapasi pose dzavanhu uye kubatwa kwavanhu IGristly runoramba rwuri rwemativi anotambudza zvikurusa enhau yeAmerica.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi ganhuriro huru nepokanidzano, nheyo dzeChibvumirano dzaiva mukati madzo dzive mbeu dzefutunuko yadzo dzimene. Kupfurikidza nokuganhurira nheyo dzapose pose panzvimbo pokuganhurira maruramiro kumapoka akati, Chiziviso chakagovera mupimo paunofanira kutongwa nokuwanwa kuti miitiro yeAmerica ichadaidzwa. Kufambira kumwe kwose nokuda kwekodzero dzakawedzerwa uye kuenzana munhau yeAmerica (*kupesana, kodzero dzavakadzi, LGBT+ kodzero dzavagari vemo, LBT+ kodzero nemufungo, chinotaura kuti America inofanira kutambanudzira nheyo dzayo kuvanhu vose. Simba reSiginidziro harina kushandiswa pakutanga nenzira yakaganhurirwa asi munheyo dzapasi pose dzaidzorwa, kuti ipfuurire kuraira nokuda kweruramisiro nokuenzana.

Kuchinja Kwenyika Yose Nenhaka Yezviziviso Zvacho

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakapesvedzera kwete bedzi kufambira mberi kweAmerica asiwo masangano ehurumende nehurumende dzinotonga munyika yose.

Chinjo yeFrance, iyo yakavamba makore gumi namatatu chete pashure pokuzvimirira kweAmerica, yakapesvedzerwa zvakananga nomuenzaniso weAmerica nenheyo dzeChiziviso. Chiziviso cheFrench chekodzero dzemunhu nedzechiFartizen, chakagamuchirwa muna 1789, chinodzokorora simbiso yeAmerican Declaration pakodzero dzomusikirwo, kuenzana, uye uchangamire hwakakurumbira. Marquis de Lafayette, uyo akarwa nerutivi rwavanhu veAmerica mukuchinja kwavo, akaita basa guru mukunyora chirevo cheFrance, chichikwevera zvakajeka pamienzaniso yeAmerica. Nepo Chinjo yeFrance yakatora nzira yakasiana zvikuru kupfuura Chinjo yeAmerica, kurudziro yokutanga nehwaro yenheyo yeFirimoni yakabuda yeAmerica yakabudirira pakuzivisa nheyo dzehurumende.

Muzana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri, masangano okuzvitonga muLatin America, Europe, Asia, uye Africa akakumbira nheyo dzakafanana nedziri muChiziviso cheIndect of Independence. Apo nyika dzakatsvaka kuzvimirira muumambo hweEurope, vaiwanzoruramisa zviito zvavo vachishandisa nharo pamusoro pokuzvitonga, kodzero dzomuzvarirwo, uye kusatendeseka kwoutongi pasina kubvuma. () nheyo dzose dzakataurwa muAmerican Declaration. Ho Chi Minh's Vietnamn Declaration of Independence ya 1945 dzakataura zvakajeka mitsetse yokutanga yeAmerican Declaration pamberi pokukambira kwechidziro yejeriti yejeri rejeri rejeri reFrance. Ikoku kuratidzira kuti nheyo dzemitemo dzeChiremo dzakaita sei kupfuura mashoko adzo apakuvamba kuva rutivi rwomutauro wenyika yose wekodzero dzavanhu nedzemagariro.

Chiziviso chacho chakapesvedzerawo kutangwa kwomutemo wekodzero dzevanhu wemarudzi ose muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yakagamuchirwa neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose muna 1948, inoratidza nheyo dzakawanda dzakatanga kurongwa muAmerica: chiremera chakabva mumunhu wose nokuenzana kwevanhu vose, kuvapo kwekodzero dzinokosha idzo hurumende dzinofanira kuremekedza, uye pfungwa yokuti kudzivirira kodzero idzi dzinokosha kurugare neruramisiro. Eleanor Rooselt, uyo akatungamirira dare raiumba Mutemo weUniversal Declaration, akapesverwa zvikuru nemagwaro nenheyo zveAmerica. Universal Declaration inomirira kuedza kusimbisa kuzivisa munyika yose izvo American Declation nokuda kworudzi rumwe: kuti vanhu vose vane kodzero dzinokosha dzinofanira kudzivirirwa.

Chiziviso cheChiziviso chenyika yose chinoratidza zvose zviri zviviri simba neganhuriro dzenheyo dzacho. Kune rumwe rutivi, kutaura kwacho kwokuenzana kwavanhu vose uye kodzero dzomuzvarirwo kwakanyandura masangano asingaverengeki nokuda kworusununguko neruramisiro munyika yose. Pfungwa yokuti hurumende yapamutemo inoda kubvumira kutongwa kwazova nheyo inogamuchirwa zvikuru, kunyange kana ikatopfuudzirwa kazhinji kazhinji mukushanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, mukaha pakati penheyo dzeChibvumirano uye kushanda kwazvo kwadzo zvakaparira munhau yeAmerica uye munyika dzakawanda idzo dzinoshandisa nheyo dzakafanana. Nhevedzo dzenyika yose dzinobatanidza zvose zviri nyore kupfuura kudzivirira. Chiratidzo chenyika yose yakaita kuti pave nemhevedzo dzorusununguko uye kurwisa kupfuurira kuita kuti nheyo dzarwo dzive chinhu chaicho nokuda kwavanhu vose.

Nei Vagari Vemo Vamazuva Ano Vachifanira Kunzwisisa Kuzivisa Kwacho

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Nehwavakaita

Kuvagari vemo vomunguva imwe cheteyo, kunzwisisa Chiratidzo choKuzvimirira kunokosha kukunzwisisa hwaro hwouzivi hwekodzero dzavo nerusununguko. Chiziviso chinosimbisa kuti kodzero hadzisi ropafadzo dzinopiwa nehurumende asi mavara avanhu akaberekwa napo asati avapo uye asingamirirwi nehurumende. Iyi nzwisiso inokosha nemhaka yokuti inotapura kuti vagari vemo vanorangarira sei ukama hwavo nechiremera. Kana kodzero dziri zvipo zvinobva kuhurumende, hurumende inogona kudzibvisa nenzira yapamutemo. Asi kana kodzero dzomunhu dzichiva nodzisina kusiiwa, ipapo basa rehurumende rinoganhurirwa kudzivirira kodzero dzapamberipo, uye mabasa ehurumende anoputsa idzi kodzero dzakashata.

Nheyo iyi youzivi ine revo dzinoshanda nokuda kwenzira iyo vagari vemo vanobatanidzwa nayo nenhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzapanguva imwe cheteyo. Pakunzvera mitemo inokarakadzwa kana kuti zviito zvehurumende, vagari vemo vanogona kubvunza kana aya matanho achidzivirira kana kuti achiputsa kodzero dzinokosha. Apo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanotaura chiremera chokuganhurira rusununguko, vagari vemo vanogona kukumbira ruramiso ndokupanikira kana ganhuriro dzakadaro dzichiwirirana nenheyo yokuti hurumende iripo kudzivirira maruramiro panzvimbo pokuaganhurira. Chibvumirano chinogovera gadziriro yokurangarira nenzira yokutsoropodza pamusoro penzvimbo yakafanira neganhuriro dzehurumende, chinopa vagari vemo simba kutsauranisa pakati pechiremera chapamutemo nechakarurama.

Kunzwisisa Chiratidzo chacho kunobetserawo vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti kodzero dzinouya nemitoro. Vasai veChibvumirano chacho vakavimbisa upenyu hwavo, mazakwatira, uye rukudzo rutsvene kuchinangwa chokuzvimirira, vachiziva kuti kutanga nokuchengeta nzanga yakasununguka kunoda chibairo nokuzvipira. Vagari vemo vazvino uno vanogara nhaka maruramiro ayo zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvakarwa kutanga nokuwedzera, asi aya kodzero haasati ari okuzviwanira vamene. Vanoda kuva vagari vemo vanoshingaira, bvumirano yehurumende, uye kudisa kuvadzivirira apo vanotyisidzirwa. Chiziviso chinoyeuchidza vagari vemo kuti rusununguko haisiri nhaka isina basa asi mutoro unoshingaira uyo chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kutora ndokudzivirira.

Kutsigira Kubatanidzwa Kwomubatanidzwa Nokutora Rutivi Rwehurumende

Nheyo yeChiziviso yokuti hurumende dzinowana kuva dzapamutemo mukubvumira kwavadzorwi kugadza hwaro hwokutora rutivi kwedemocracy. Iyi nheyo inoreva kuti vagari vemo vane maruramiro kwete bedzi asi mutoro wokutora rutivi mukudzora kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kuvimbisa nzanga, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti chiremera chehurumende chinobuda mukubvumirana kwavo, vanoziva kuti hurumende inotonga inoda kubatanidzwa kwavo kwokushingaira panzvimbo pokugamuchira kwokusakendenga kurukira kwevakuru vakuru vakuru vanosarudza chipi nechipi.

Kutaura kweChibvumirano kuti vanhu vane kodzero yokuchinja kana kuti kubvisa hurumende inodzvinyirira inotenderwa kuti ishorwe nehurumende inodzvinyirira zvine rugare uye kuti igadzirise masangano. Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane utano hwakanaka, vagari vemo vanofanira kunzwa vapiwa simba rokutsoropodza mitemo yehurumende, kuronga kuti ienderere mberi, uye kushanda kuti vagadzirise masangano anokundikana kubatira zvakanaka. Ikoku hakurevi kuti kusabvumirana kwose kunoruramisa kuchinja, asi kunoreva kuti vagari vemo vanofanira kuzviona savamiriri vanoshingaira mukuumba hurumende yavo panzvimbo pevanhu vanofanira kungoteerera. Kunzwisisa Gijita racho kunobatsira vagari vemondi vazive kuti kusabvumirana nechisarudzo chechinjo hachisi tyisidziri kutvoidzo kukuchinja hurumende asi zvinhu zvinokosha.

Chiziviso chacho chinogoverawo gadziriro yokuyera nayo vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuvaita kuti vazvidavirire. Ndaza huru yechinyorwa chacho yezvichemo mukurwisana naMambo George III inoratidzira chitendero chavavambi chokuti vagari vemo vanofanira kusanonzvera zviito zvehurumende yavo nechinyorwa chesimba. Vagari vemo vazvino vanogona kushandisa nzvero imwe cheteyo kuvakuru vakuru vemo vapanguva ino, vachinzvera kana vachidzivirira ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo, uye vachibatira fariro yavose. Chiziviso chinoti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru ndivo vabatiri vavanhu panzvimbo yavanatenzi vavo, nheyo inofanira kuzivisa kuti vagari vemo vanobata sei navamiri vavo.

Kupokanidzana Kwekodzero Nekuenzana Kwemazuva Ano

Gakava rezvamatongerwe enyika rakawanda rapanguva imwe cheteyo rinobatanidza mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pekodzero, kuenzana, uye basa rakafanira rehurumende (8) nenhau dzakakurukurwa muZiviso yoKuzvimirira. Kunzwisisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano kunogona kubetsera vagari vemo kutungamirira iyi kurukurirano nemurangariro wakajeka zvikuru nenhau. Apo gakava rinomuka pamusoro pekodzero dzevagari vemo, kodzero dzokuvhota, ruramisiro yemari, kana kuti chiremera chehurumende, Chiziviso chinogovera gadziriro youzivi yokunzvera nhau idzi nokurangarira mirangariro inopikisana.

Chiratidzo cheChibvumirano chokuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana chinoramba chichishanda panharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuenzana norusaruro. Kunyange zvazvo vavambi vachikundikana kushandisa nheyo iyi nguva dzose, nheyo yacho inopa mupimo wokuyera kana mitemo nemitemo zvichibata vanhu zvakanaka. Vagari vanogona kukumbira kuzvipira kweChibvumirano chacho kuti vaenzane apo rusaruro runodenha runobva padzinza, chirevo, rudzidziso, kana kuti mamwe mavara. Chiratidzo chinosimbisa kuti kuenzana hachisi chiteshiwo chetsika asi zvokwadi inokosha pamusoro porudzi rwomunhu, ichigovera tsigiro ine simba nokuda kwekodzero dzavanhu uye pasi pomutemo.

Nharo pamusoro poukoshi hwakafanira hwehurumende dzinowanzobatanidza rondedzero dzinokwikwidzana dzenheyo dzeChibvumirano. Vamwe vanosimbisa kuitira hanya kweChibvumirano pamusoro poudzvinyiriri hwehurumende uye vanotsigira hurumende yakaganhurirwa zvikuru inodzongonyedza zvishoma muupenyu hwavagari vemo. Vamwe vanosimbisa kutaura kwehurumende kwokuti hurumende iripo kudzivirira kodzero uye kutaura kuti hurumende inoshanda pane dzimwe nguva iri madikanwa kudzivirira kodzero uye kusimudzira kuenzana. Kunzwisisa Chibvumirano chinobetsera vagari vemo kuziva kuti mirangariro yose iri panheyo dzokuvamba uye kuti denho iri mukudzikamisa rusununguko nechengeteko, kodzero dzomunhu oga nekodzero dzenzanga, uye inoganhurirwa nokudzora kunobudirira.

Kusimbisa kweChibvumirano kodzero dzisingataurwi kunozivisawo nharo dzapanguva ino pamusoro pekodzero dzakafanirwa nemitemo. Apo maruramiro matsva anooneka (akadai sekodzero dzakavanzika, kodzero dzemhoteredzo, kana kuti kodzero dzemitemo) matare anofanira kusarudza kana kutaura uku kuchiratidza kodzero dzinokosha kuti hurumende inofanira kudzivirira kana kuti zvisarudzo zvinofanira kusarudzwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yehurumende inotonga. Chibvumirano chekodzero dzomusikirwo chinopa nzvimbo yokutanga nokuda kweidzi kurukurirano, kunyange kana isingadzipedzi.

Kudzidzisa Kuzivisa Kuzvizvarwa Zvitsva

Kurangarira kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvinonzwisisa Chiziviso Chorusununguko chinokosha kukuchengeta tsika netsika zvehurumende yechiAmerica. Dzidzo yeCUBIC inobatanidza kuvimbisana kwakakomba neChibvumirano inobetsera vanhu vaduku kukudziridza zivo, unyanzvi, uye zvimiro zvinodikanwa nokuda kwougari hutsva. Zvisinei, kudzidzisa Chibvumirano kunoda zvinopfuura kungoziva nomusoro mashoko acho akakurumbira kana kuti kuchichengeta nenzira isingatsoropodzi. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunzwisisa mashoko enhau umo chakanyorwa, kurwisana nepokanidzano dzacho, uye kunzvera kuti nheyo dzacho dzakashandiswa sei namasangano akasiyana - siyana munhau yose yeAmerica.

Kudzidzisa kunobudirira kweChibvumirano chacho kunofanira kubatanidza kusanoraviwa kworugwaro pacharwo, kubetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa chimiro charwo, nharo, uye mutauro. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunzvera pesvedzero dzouzivi pamusoro peChiziviso, zvikurukuru pfungwa dzeNjekedzo pamusoro pekodzero dzomusikirwo nerondedzero dzenzanga. Vanofanira kufundawo migariro yenhau yakatungamirira kukuzvimirira, kubatanidza zvichemo zvakadonongodzwa zvakarongwa muDeclaration nenhamburiko dzavarwi dzehurumende dzakakundikana pachisarudzo chine rugare. Iyi nzwisiso yapamutevedzero inobetsera kunzwisisa chikonzero nei nheyo dzeChibvumirano chacho dzakanga dziri dzechinjo itsva munguva yavo uye nzira yavakapikisa nayo mirangariro inodzorwa pamusoro pehurumende nechiremera.

Kudzidzisa Chiratidzo chacho kunodawo kuvimbisana kwokutendeseka neganhuriro dzacho uye mukaha pakati penheyo dzacho nokushanda kwavo. Vadzidzi vanofanira kudzidza pamusoro pouranda, kubviswa kwavakadzi navagari vemo, uye rwisano refu dzinodikanwa kutambanudzira zvipikirwa zveChibvumirano kuvose veAmerica. Uku kurangarira kwokutendeseka hakurevi kukosha kweChibvumirano asi kunoratidza kuti basa rinopfuurira rinodikanwa kuita kuti nheyo dzacho dzive dzechokwadi. Vadzidzi vanogona kunzvera kuti mapoka akasiyana- siyana (8abholitions, suffracrans, vatsigirist , uye vamwe /(chinoshaisa pamutemo pamutemo pamutemo kukumbira kubatanidzwa nokuenzana, kuratidzira kuti nheyo dzechinyorwa dzacho dzakanyandura sei chinjo inofambira mberi kunyange apo vanyombadziridziro kua kushandisa.

Vadzidzi vanofanirawo kunzvera pesvedzero yenyika yose nebasa rayo mukupesvedzera kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika yose. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera kuti mamwe marudzi namasangano zvakapinza sei panheyo dzeChiziviso, vadzidzi vanogona kunzwisisawo revo yazvo yose apo vachiziva denho dzokushandisa nheyo idzodzi mumativi akasiyana. Uyu murangariro wenyika yose unobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kuti kurwisa nokuda kwekodzero dzavanhu uye kuzvitonga hakusati kuri rutivi rwakasiana rweAmerica asi rutivi rwechishuvo chavanhu chakafara zvikuru nokuda kworusununguko nechiremera.

Kupfuura fundo yedzidzo, dzidzo yavagari vemo inofanira kubetsera vadzidzi kubatanidza nheyo dzeChibvumirano kunhau dzapanguva imwe cheteyo uye upenyu hwavo vamene. Vadzidzisi vanogona kuyamura kurukurirano pamusoro pezvinoitika zvazvino kupfurikidza neredhi renheyo dzeChiziviso, vachikumbira vadzidzi kuyera kana zviito zvehurumende zvichidzivirira kana kuti kuputsa kodzero, kana mitemo ichibata vanhu zvakaenzana, uye kana vagari vemo vari kushandisa zvinobudirira kodzero yavo kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Uku kushandiswa kwenheyo dzenhau kunhau kunhau dzenguva ino kunobetsera vadzidzi kukudziridza unyanzvi hwokufunga hunodikanwa nokuda kwokuziva kuva mugari wemo.

Kuzivisa Mutsika Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika dzeAmerica

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chine nzvimbo yechienzi mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica, chichibatira zvose zviri zviviri sechinyorwa chenhau chemipimo yenyika nezvishuvo zvinorarama.

Tsvetanyo dzinodzorwa dzeChibvumirano dzinowanzosimbisa kuitira hanya kwaro pamusoro poudzvinyiriri hwehurumende uye kutaura kwayo kodzero dzomusikirwo dziripo dzakazvimirira kuhurumende. Mumurangariro uyu, Chibvumirano chinotsigira hurumende yakaganhurirwa, rusununguko, uye dziviriro yezvinhu zvomunhu oga. Vatsigiri vangakumbira Chibvumirano pakurwisana nemirau yehurumende, mitero yakakwirira, kana kuti chiremera chikuru chehurumende, chichitaura kuti mipimo yakadaro inoputsa chiono chakagadzwa chehurumende yakaganhurirwa icho chiripo zvikurukuru kudzivirira maruramiro apakuvamba anowanikwa panzvimbo pokuumba nzanga.

Tsinhiro dzinofambira mberi dzeChibvumirano chacho dzinosimbisa kuzvipira kwacho kukuenzana uye kutaura kwaro kwokuti hurumende dziripo kuti dzichengetedze kodzero. Mumurangariro uyu, Chibvumirano chacho chinotsigira nhamburiko dzinoshingaira dzehurumende dzokusimudzira kuenzana, kudzivirira vanhu vasina dziviriro, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vose vanogona kushandisa maruramiro avo nenzira inobudirira. Kufambira mberi kungada Chibvumirano chacho pakuitirana nharo pamusoro pedziviriro dzekodzero dzevanhu, mapurogiramu enzanga, kana kuti chiito chehurumende chokugadzirisa kusaenzana, chichitaura kuti matanho akadaro anozadzika chipikirwa cheChibvumirano chokuti vanhu vose vanosikwa vakaenzana uye vane kodzero dzisingakodzeri.

Tsinhiro dzose dziri mbiri dzinonongedzera pamativi echokwadi eChibvumirano, dzichiratidzira kuoma kwechinyorwa chacho nekusawirirana kuri mukati menheyo dzacho. Chiziviso chinoratidzira kuitira hanya pamusoro pokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwehurumende ndokusimbisa maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe, asi chinotsigirawo zvibvumikiso zvetsika dzakaganhurirwa nokuda kwehurumende yavanhu vose ndokusimbisa kuti maruramiro avanhu aripo, ichitsigira zvibvumikiso zvinofambira mberi zvehurumende zvinosimudzira kuenzana uye zvinodzivirira maruramiro. Iyi rondedzero inokwikwikwidzana inoratidzira kuti nheyo dzeChibvumirano haisi kuraira zviteshina murairo chakananga asi panzvimbo iyo vaAmerica vanokurukura muganhu wakafanira pakati perusununguko nokuenzana, kodzero nekodzero dzavanhu vose, uye kodzero dzinoganhurirwa nehurumende dzinobudirira.

Chiziviso chacho chinoshandawo semanyuko ezivikanwo yenyika nechinzwano, chichigovera nheyo idzo vaAmerica vemigariro yakasiana-- siyana vanogona kugamuchira. Kuverengwa pachena kweZiviso paZuva Rokuzvimirira, kuratidzirwa kwacho muNational Archives parutivi peBumbiro reMitemo naBill of Rights, uye kubatanidzwa kwaro kazhinji muhurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika zvose zvinosimbisa nzvimbo yazvo segwaro renheyo rinorondedzera mipimo yeAmerica. Basa iri rokufananidzira rinokosha nemhaka yokuti rinogovera pfundo rimwe renongedzero rehurukuro yorudzi, kunyange apo vaAmerica vanopesana pamusoro pezvirevo zveChiziviso nokuda kwenhau dzakananga.

Zvisinei, mugariro wokufananidzira weChiziviso unogonawo kutungamirira kumipimo yapamusoro inofuratira zvisakafanira zviri mukati macho chaiwoiwo nenheyo. Vezvamatongerwe enyika vanganokora mashoko eChibvumirano chakakurumbira pasina kubatanidzwa zvakakomba nezvibvumikiso zvacho kana kuti kushandisa nheyo dzacho nguva dzose. Vagari vemo vangachengeta Declaration on Independence Day vasingarangariri kana mirangariro yazvino uno ichirarama maererano nemirangariro yacho. Kubatira basa razvo rakafanira mutsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzeAmerica, Chiratidzo chinofanira kuva chiratidzo chikuru kuti chiremekedzwe; chinofanira kuva chinyorwa chipenyu chine nheyo dzinozivisa nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pekodzero, ruramisiro, ruramisiro, uye ukama hwakafanira pakati pavagari veAmerica nehurumende.

Nzira Dzinoshanda Dzinogona Kubatanidzwa Nadzo Neziviso Yacho

Kunzwisisa Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira Mundangariro kunokosha, asi vagari vemo vanogona kukudza kuonga kwavo ndokushandisa nheyo dzacho nenzira inobudirira zvikuru kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa nokushingaira negwaro racho munzira dzakasiyana - siyana.

Kurava rugwaro rwacho nokungwarira uye zvakakwana inhano yokutanga inokosha iyo vagari vemo vakawanda vasati vamboita. Kunyange zvazvo vaAmerica vakawanda vakarovedzana nemitsetse yokuzarura yakakurumbira yeChibvumirano chacho, vashoma vakaverenga gwaro rose, kusanganisira ndaza yaro huru yezvigumbu. Kutora nguva yokuverenga mashoko ose kunobatsira vagari vemo kunzwisisa Mutemo wacho uye mashoko aunofanira kukurukura, kwete kungovawo nemashoko akawandisa. National Archives inogovera mashoko epamutemo paIndaneti, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yakakwirira yechinyorwa chepakutanga, zvichiita kuti zviwanike nyore kune munhu upi noupi ane Indaneti. Vagari vangafunga nezvokuverenga Chibvumirano gore negore, zvichida Nezuva reWestry, senzira yokuvambazve nenheyo uye kurangarira kana kuti ichiri chagara panguva ino.

Kufunda Chiziviso chacho zvakadzama, zvichida kupfurikidza namabhuku, makosi, kana kuti mapoka ekurukurirano, kunogona kugovera nzwisiso huru yemashoko acho enhau, pesvedzero dzouzivi, uye revo inopfuurira. Mabhuku akawanda enyanzvi anonzvera Chiziviso chacho mumirangariro yakasiana - siana, achinzvera mavambo acho oungwaru, basa racho mukuchinja, ganhuriro dzacho nepokanidzano, uye pesvedzero yacho pamiitiro inotevedzerwa nezvinoitika. Maraibhurari emunzvimbomo, makoreji, uye mapoka enzanga anowanzopa makosi kana kuti mapoka ekurukurirano akavakirwa pamagwaro okuvamba. Kushandisa Gividhiswo parutivi rwarokurokuronzesa kwaro kugovera mikana yokunzvera yakasiana - siyana uye kurangarira kuti nheyo dzayo dzinoshanda sei kunhau dzazvinovapo panguva ino.

Kushanyira nzvimbo dzenhau dzakabatanidzwa neChibvumirano cheChibvumirano kunogona kuita kuti nhau yacho ive yakajeka zvikuru uye ine revo. Horo yeSundo muPhiladelphia, umo Gwaro rePurence rakakakavadzana ndokugamuchirwa, kunopa vashanyi shanyo dzinobetsera kunzwisisa nguva yenhau navanhu vanobatanidzwa. National Archives muWashington, D.C., inoratidzira Mutemo wapakuvamba pamwe chete neBumbiro reMitemo remitemo naBill of Rights, ichibvumira vagari vemo kuona idzi magwaro ehwaro. Nzanga dzakawanda dzinewo nzvimbo dzenhau dzomunzvimbomo kana kuti mamiziyamu anonzvera kuti kuchinja kwemitemo yeChibvumirano chakakanganisa sei nharaunda yavo. Uku kushanya kwevagari vemo kunogona kuwedzera kubatana neMashoko acho nenhau.

Kushandisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano kunhau dzapanguva ino kunobetsera vagari vemo kuvamba tsika yokufunga nokungwarira pamusoro pezviito zvehurumende nenharo dzezvematongerwe enyika. Pakuyera mitemo inokarakadzwa, mitemo yehurumende, kana kuti makakatanwa ezvamatongerwe enyika, vagari vemo vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakaziviswa: Ko iyi chiyero chinodzivirira kana kuti kuputsa maruramiro makuru here? Chinoitira vanhu vakaenzana here? Chinoratidza kubvuma kwevadzorwi? Hurumende iri kuita mudariro rayo rakakodzera rokuchengeta kodzero, kana kuti iri kukwikwidza? Iyi mibvunzo, yakavakirwa munheyo dzeChibvumirano, inogona kubetsera vagari vemo kupfuudza mapfundo anopfuura okutaura nenzira inofungwa zvikuru here?

Kudzidzisa Chiziviso chacho kuvamwe, kungava nenzira yakarongwa kana kuti isina kurongwa, kunosimbisa kunzwisisa kwomunhu amene paanenge achibetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvinonzwisisa revo yacho. Vabereki vanogona kukurukura Chibvumirano chacho navana vavo, vachitsanangura nheyo dzacho munzira dzakakodzera dzezera uye kuvabatanidza kumipimo yemhuri nemitoro yehurumende. Vadzidzisi vanogona kubatanidza Chibvumirano chacho mumakirasi avo echikoro, kwete bedzi mumapoka enhau asiwo mumabhuku, uzivi, uye makosi ehurumende. Mitezo yenzanga inogona kuzvipira namasangano edzidzo yehurumende anoshanda kusimudzira kunzwisisa magwaro okuvamba nenheyo. Kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa Declaractive, vagari vemocration vanobetsera kuchengeta zivo yavagari vemo inodikanwa nokuda kwehurumende yehurumende yokuzvitonga.

Kutora rutivi muupenyu hwevagari vemo munzira dzinokudza nheyo dzeChibvumirano chinomirira rudzi runokosha zvikurusa rwokuvimbisana. Chiziviso chinosimbisa kuti vagari vemo vane kodzero dzose dziri mbiri nemabasa, kuti hurumende inowana maruramiro ayo mukubvumira kwevadzorwi, uye kuti vanhu vane kodzero yokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Vagari vemo vanogona kukudza nheyo idzi kupfurikidza nokuvhota muvhota, kuramba vachiziviswa pamusoro penhau dzavose, kukurukura navamiririri pamusoro penhau dzeitiro yeitiro, kutora rutivi mukurwisana nerugare kana kuti kutsigira kutsigira maruramiro, kubatira pamibato yemijeko, uye kupinda mubasa romunzanga. Iyi mibato inoumba kuva vagari venhaka vanoshingaira vanofungidzira, kushandura nheyo dzayo dzisimbwa kuti dzive miitiro dzakasimba dzinodzora hurumende.

Kuramba Kuchikudzwa Kwezviziviso

Anenge makore 250 pashure pokugamuchirwa kwayo, Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chinoramba chakabatana zvikuru noupenyu hwevagari veAmerica uye kurwisana kwenyika yose nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu uye kuzvitonga. Zvachinoreva zvinogara zvichibva pakukwana kwacho (8) uye kukundikana kwevakatanga kushandisa nheyo dzacho nguva dzose zvinonyatsonyorwa (*) asi kubva kusimba uye kuwanda kwenheyo dzachinonyora. Kutaura kwokuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kuti vane kodzero dzisingachinjiki, uye kuti hurumende dzinowana kodzero dzavo kubva mukubvumira kwoutongi dzinopfuurira kukurudzira nokudenha vaAmerica nevanhu munyika yose.

Mupimo weChibvumirano chacho unotsamira pachimwe donzo racho. Chinojekesa mirangariro yokuti America haina kutongoitwa zvizere asi inopfuurira kuronda. Mukaha pakati penheyo dzeChibvumirano nechinhu chaichoicho cheAmerica wave uri manyuko ezvose zviri zviviri nyadzi nesundo munhau yorudzi. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chakatarisana nedenho yokupa zvipikirwa zveChibvumirano kuvanhu vakanga vabviswa kare uye vanodzivirira maruramiro patyisidziro itsva. Uku kurwisa kupfuurira kurarama kuti vatange nheyo dzinoda kuvamba kunopa ziviso inopfuudzira, sezvo chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kusarudza icho chinoreva kukudza nheyo dzouenzaniso, rusununguko, uye kuzvidzora munguva yavo vamene.

Chiziviso chacho chinorambawo chakakodzera nemhaka yokuti mibvunzo inokosha yachine vanhu ine maruramiro api? Ndeipi iri basa rakafanira rehurumende? Chiremera chehurumende chinova chisiri pamutemo here?

Munhambo yekusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye zivo yevagari vemo inoderera, Kushanda kweChibvumirano kungapfuura nakare kose. Kunzwisisa Kuzivisa kwacho kunogona kubetsera vagari vemo kupfuudzira kupfuura mapoka anosarura kupinda nenheyo dzinokosha dzinokurira mabato akati ezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti pfungwa. Nepo vagari veAmerica vangasabvumirana pamusoro pemipimo chaiyo, vazhinji vanogoverana kuzvipira kumipimo mikuru yeUtengo yavanhu, kodzero dzomuzvarirwo, uye hurumende kupfurikidza nokubvuma. Kudzokera kuidzidziya dzakabatana kunogona kugovera chikonzero chikuru chekurukurirano inobudirira uye kubetsera vagari vemo vanosiyanisa pakati pemipimo yapamutemo uye nharo huru pamusoro pemipimo yazvo vamene.

Chiratidzo chenyika yose chinovimbisawo kushanda kwacho kunopfuurira. Sezvo vanhu munyika yose vanopfuurira kurwira kodzero dzavanhu, hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, uye kuzvisarudza, vanowanzoshandisa nheyo dzakafanana nedziri muChiziviso. Mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu wemarudzi ose, masangano ehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, uye nhamburiko dzokuita kuti hurumende dzide kutora pfungwa dzose dzinobatsira kupararira: kuti vanhu vose vane chiremera nekodzero zvokuberekwa nazvo, kuti hurumende dzinofanira kuremekedza kodzero idzi, uye kuti vanhu vane kodzero yokubatanidzwa mukutonga kwavo. Mitemo yeSangano yacho yazova rutivi rwomutauro wenyika yose wekodzero dzevanhu, ichivimbisa kuti zvazvinoreva zvinotambanurira kupfuura miganhuro yeAmerica.

Kuvagari veAmerica zvakananga, Chiratidzo chinoramba chiri mavambo anokosha okunzwisisa kodzero dzavo, ukama hwavo nehurumende, uye mabasa avo ehurumende. Chinoumba hwaro hwouzivi pakavakirwa hurumende yeAmerica nomutemo. Chinogovera nheyo dzokuongorora zviito zvehurumende uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Chinonyandura nhamburiko dzinopfuurira dzokutambanudzira kodzero nokuenzana kuvanhu vose. Uye chinoyeuchidza vagari vemo kuti kuchengeta nzanga yakasununguka kunoda kuvimbisa kwokushingaira, kufunga kwokutsoropodza, uye kudisa kudzivirira nheyo dzinokosha patyisidziro dzinobva kunzvimbo ipi neipi.

Kupedzisa: Chiziviso sechinyorwa chipenyu

Chiziviso cheIndependence chinopfuura zvikuru chinyorwa chenhau chinozivisa kuparadzana kweAmerica neBritain. Mashoko ouzivi pamusoro pohunhu, maruramiro, uye hurumende anopfuurira kuumba mutemo weAmerica, zvamatongerwe enyika, uye tsika anodokusvika makore 250 pashure pokugamuchirwa kwayo. Kutaura kwayo kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana nekodzero dzisingataurwi, kuti hurumende dzinowana kuva dzapamutemo mukubvumira kwavadzorwi, uye kuti vanhu vane maruramiro okuchinja kana kuti kubvisa hurumende inodzvinyirira yakatanga nheyo dzokuchinja dzakaita kuti pave nehurumende dzinotonga nyika yose dzinotonga uye dzinopfuurira kuzivisa nharo pamusoro pekodzero, kuenzana, uye ruramisiro.

Kunzwisisa Chiratidzo chacho kunokosha kuti vagari vomunyika vanoda kunzwisisa nheyo youzivi yekodzero dzavo nerusununguko, kuti vatsigire nokubudirira mukudzora kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji, uye kuti hurumende iite kuti izvidavirire basa rayo rakakodzera rokuchengetedza kodzero. Chiziviso ichi chinosimbisa kuti vagari vemo havasi vanhu vasingaiti basa asi vanhu vanoshanda vane kodzero nemabasa. Chinopa simba vagari vemo kuti vashore hurumende, kurayira kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru varemedze mitemo, uye kuti vashande kuchinja apo hurumende inokundikana kuita zvakanaka. Nheyo idzi dzinoramba dzichishanda nhasi sezvadzaiita muna 1776, dzichipa nhungamiro kuvagari vemo vanotakura zvinetso zvematongerwe enyika zviripo.

Kuganhurirwa kweChiziviso chacho nepokanidzano(zvikurukuru) Kukundikana kwavavambi kutambanudzira nheyo dzacho kuvanhu vakapinzwa muuranda, vakadzi, uye vakaberekerwamo (v) hakuregi kukosha kwacho asi panzvimbo pezvo kunoratidzira basa rinopfuurira rinodikanwa kuita kuti zvipikirwa zvacho zvive zvechokwadi. Kufambira mberi kwose nokuda kwekodzero dzakawedzerwa uye kuenzana munhau yeAmerica kwave kuchishandisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano, kuratidza kuti mutauro wacho wepose pose une mbeu machiri. Simba reChibvumirano harisi munzira yakaganhurirwa yachashandiswa nayo pakutanga asi munheyo dzachinowirirana, nheyo dzinopfuurira kukurudzira kurayira nokuda kweruramisiro nokuenzana.

Kuti Chiziviso chiite basa racho rakakodzera muupenyu hwevagari veAmerica, chinofanira kuva chisati chiri chiratidzo chokunamatwa paZuva roKuzvitonga. Chinofanira kuva chinyorwa chipenyu icho vagari vemo vanodzidza, kunzwisisa, uye kushanda kunhau dzenguva ino. Ikoku kunoda dzidzo yehurumende inowirirana zvikuru norugwaro rweChibvumirano, mashoko akapoteredza, uye revo inopfuurira. Chinoda kuva bvumirano yokutendeseka nemitemo yeChirevo nechinhu chaichoicho cheAmerica, zvose zviri zviviri munhau nenhasi. Uye inoda kuva mugari wemo anoremekedza chiono chehurumende kupfurikidza nebvumirano, apo vagari vemo vanotora rutivi mukudzora uye vanoramba vakuru vakuru vakuru.

Chiziviso cheNdendero nemhaka yokuti chinogadza nheyo huru padzinoiswa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica. Chine basa nemhaka yokuti chinogovera gadziriro yokufunga pamusoro pekodzero, kuenzana, uye ukama hwakafanira pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende. Ine basa nemhaka yokuti chakafuridzira masangano orusununguko neruramisiro muAmerica nenyika yose. Uye zvine basa nemhaka yokuti chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kusarudza kana chinofanira kukudza nheyo dzacho kana kuti kudzisiya, kupfuudza zvipikirwa zvacho kuvanhu vose kana kuti kuvabvumira kuramba vasina kuzadzikwa. Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei Kuzivisa iri nhano yokutanga kusimbisa kuti nheyo dzacho dzinopfuurira kutungamirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vose veAmerica uye kuparira rusununguko rwomunhu nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvinouya.

Vagari vanotora nguva kufunda Chiziviso chacho, kurwisana nenheyo dzacho nepokanidzano, uye kushandisa nzwisiso dzacho kuzvinetso zvenguva ino vachashongedzerwa zviri nani kutora rutivi mukudzora kwehurumende yedemokrase uye kudzivirira kodzero nerusununguko zvachinozivisa. Chiziviso hachisi chinhu chekare asi inhungamiro mhenyu nokuda kwougarikano, kugovera uchenjeri nekurudziro nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi akazvipira kubasa rinopfuurira rakarurama zvikuru, rakaenzana, uye nzanga yakasununguka. Nokunzwisisa uye kutevera nheyo dzeChiziviso, vagari vemo vanokudza zvibayiro zvaavo vakarwa kutanga kuzvimirira kweAmerica vachigamuchira mutoro wokuvimbisa kuti zvipikirwa zvacho zvinova zvechokwadi nokuda kwavanhu vose.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve kweChiziviso cheKuzvimirira nerevo yacho, vagari vemo vanogona kunzvera zvinhu zvinobva ku [[FLT:] National Archives , iyo ine chinyorwa chapakuvamba uye inogovera zvinhu zvedzidzo zvakakura. Dare reProvis [[FLT:] rinopa zvisakiso zveCongress [ zvinopa mashoko enhau nenzvero. Masangano edzidzo yehurumende akadai se Constitution Center yeNyika yeNyika inogovera uye zvishandiso zvezvirongwa zvokuumba zvakadzika zvikuru namapepa emitemo. Izvi zvinogona kubetsera vagari vemo kuti vakuvandudza zivo nokunzwisisa chikonzero nei Kuzivisa nokushandisa zvinhu zvayo kuzvinetso zvougarikaro muzana remakore rechina rokutanga.