Table of Contents
Kunzwisisa kukamukana kwemitoro pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti mitemo nemabasa zvinodzorwa sei muUnited States. Hurumende yehurumende inogoverana uchangamire neimwe neimwe yenyika 50 mundima dzayo dzakatsaukana, ichitanga gadziriro yakaoma yokutonga inotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. Iyi nhungamiro ine udzame inogovera kupetwa kwamashoko kwemibato mikuru mumwe nomumwe wehurumende inoita, nheyo dzapamutemo dzinorondedzera aya mabasa, uye nzira yadzinoshanda nayo pamwe chete kubatira vanhu veAmerica.
Kutangwa kweBumbiro reMitemo Rehurumende
Federalism igadziriro yesangano inoparira mwero miviri yokuzvitonga yehurumende, imwe neimwe ine simba rokuita zvakananga nokuda kwavanhu vane chiremera chainopiwa nebumbiro remitemo rorudzi. Iyi gadziriro yakagadzirwa noune naVavambi kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba musangano ripi neripi uye kubvumira kudzora kungagona kupedza zvose zviri zviviri zvinonetsa zvorudzi nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo.
Hurumende yeUnited States yakaumbwa namapazu matatu akasiyana: mitemo, vatarisiri vehurumende, uye vatongi, vane masimba anorondedzerwa nokupiwa neBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States, iro rave richishanda nenzira inopfuurira chifo chaMarch 4, 1789.
Penjero Yegumi Nesimba Rakachengetedzwa
Chinokosha chechiremera chehurumende chiri muTenth Amendment to the Constitution yeU.S. MuMutevedzeri weTream kuBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., masimba ose haana kupiwa Federal Government anochengeterwa United States navanhu. Iyi nheyo inosimbisa kuti hurumende dzine masimba ose asina kupiwa nehurumende yehurumende neBumbiro reMitemo, achiparira chinozivikanwa se "masimba anochengetwazve. ”
Ichi chimiro chouchangamire hwakaganhurirwa (chinowanzonzi "uchangamire hwechienzi" kana kuti "vatongi vakaparadzana" mumutauro womutemo webumbiro remitemo) chinotorwa muFirimendement yechi10 kusvikira kuBumbiro reMitemo, iro rinovimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba ine rusununguko runokosha mukudzora ndima dzayo nepo ichisara iri rutivi rwegadziriro huru yehurumende.
Masimba Ane Simba eHurumende Inotonga Nyika Dzakabatana
Hurumende yehurumende inoshanda pasi pegadziriro yamasimba anokamuraniswa, kureva kuti inogona bedzi kushandisa masimba iwayo anopiwa zvakananga nawo neBumbiro reMitemo. Chikamu I, ichi chinobatanidza masimba okuchengeta nokuunganidza mitero; kupinza mari nokudzora ukoshi hwayo; kugovera chirango nokuda kwokugadzira mahofisi epositi nemigwagwa, kubudisa matare ehurumende akaderera zvikuru kuDare Rapamusoro, kurwisa hondo, kuzivisa nokutsigira mauto, kugovera ndokuchengeta miraudzo yenyika nemauto engarava, kugovera miraudzo yemirayiro yepasi pepositi neyamauto engarava, kugovera, ruoko rwemaoko nechirango, kushandisa mutemo wakakwana muGwaindio reColumbia, bhizimisi, uye kuita mitemo yakakodzera kuti zvishande masimba.
Mabasa Ehurumende
Hurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzinotapura nyika yose uye inoda mipimo yenyika yakafanana.
Kudzivirira Kwenyika Nemabasa Ehondo
Kugovera dziviriro yavose yavanhu, hurumende yehurumende inogona kumutsa ndokutsigira ndokuzivisa hondo. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoisa dziviriro yorudzi mumaoko ehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, neChikamu II, Chikamu 2 chinodudza purezidhendi semutungamiriri wemauto eUnited States nemauto ehurumende, kana kuti varindiri venyika.
Basa rapurezidhendi somutungamiriri mukuru rakakura. Purezidhendi anobatira somutungamiriri weAutod Forces yeUnited States, inoreva kuti purezidhendi anoraira kuti zvombo zvehondo zvichashandiswa sei, uko kutumira mauto uye uko ngarava dzinotumirwa. Iri chiremera chehondo chapakati chinovimbisa kubatanidzwa kwedziviriro yorudzi uye kudzivisa rwisano pakati pehurumende pamusoro penhau dzehondo.
Muitiro Wokumwe Noukama Hwemarudzi Ose
Hurumende yehurumende inomirira fariro dzenyika dziri kunze kwenyika, basa iro riri kungokosha nenzira inowedzera sezvo nyika dzinova dzinobatanidzwa zvikuru mugadziriro yazvino uno yamarudzi ose. Bumbiro reMitemo rinokamura chiremera nokuda kwokuita muitiro wokumwe pakati pamapazu emitemo navakuru vakuru, neHurumende Department ichichengeta mubatanidzwa wemibato munyika kupota nyika munhungamiro yapurezidhendi.
Uyu mutoro wakakwana womubatanidzwa unovimbisa kuti United States itaure nenzwi rimwe munhau dzamarudzi ose, ichidzivisa nyongano nerwisano dzinobvira izvo zvingamuka kana nyika imwe neimwe ikaitisa ukama hwayo imene hwokumwe.
Kupindirana Nezvokutengeserana Kwokunze Kwenyika
Bazu remitemo rinoita mitemo yose, rinozivisa hondo, rinodzora kutengeserana kwepakati penyika neyokumwe uye rinodzora kubhadharwa nokushandiswa kwemiitiro.Simba rokudzora kutengeserana kwenyika dzepasi penyika razova rimwe remasimba makuru ehurumende, richibvumira Dare kupedza nhau dzemari dzinopfuura miganhu yenyika.
Kuti igovere garikano yavanhu vose, hurumende yehurumende inogona kutera, kukwereta mari, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika nedzimwe nyika, uye kudzivirira kodzero dzezvinhu.
Kudzora Mari Nemari
Hurumende yehurumende inochengeta udzori hwakakwana pamari yenyika nomuitiro wemari. Pasi peSheating of Confederation, hurumende dzingagona kudhinda mari yadzo dzimene, iyo yakatungamirira kunyongano yemari, ichisunda Madzibaba Akavambwa kurwisa izvi zvinetso kupfurikidza nokugadzira mari yenyika ndokuiisa muudzori hwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.
Maererano neChikamu I, Chikamu 8 cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., Congress ine chiremera chemitero yelevy, mabasa nezvinobviswa zvokuunganidza mari kuti ribhadhare zvikwereti zvenyika, inogona kukwereta ndokudzora zvose zviri zviviri kutengeserana kwamarudzi ose nokwenyika dzose, uye zvinokosha zvikuru, ine simba rokudhinda kana kuti kudzora ukoshi hwayo.
Zvirongwa Zvenyika uye Mashandiro
Kubatana kworudzi nechinzwano zvinosimudzirwa namasimba ehurumende pamusoro pokuumbwa kwemari, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, mabasa epositi, uye mimwe mitoro. Hurumende yehurumende inogadza nokuchengeta gadziriro dzinobatanidza rudzi rwose, kubatanidza posi, gadziriro dzinovakwa nedzinobvumirwa nomutemo, uye gadziriro dzemubatanidzwa dzemigwagwa mikuru.
Gadziriro Dzoushamwaridzani Netabhuro
Hurumende yehurumende inotarisira zvirongwa zvikuru zvenzanga zvinogovera betsero kuvaAmerica munyika yose. Izvi zvinobatanidza Social Security, iyo inogovera betsero dzokurega basa neurema; Medicare, iyo inogovera inishuwarenzi youtano nokuda kwavakweguru navanhu vakaremara vakati; uye Medicaid, iyo inogovera tarisiro youtano kuvanhu vanowana mari shoma nemhuri, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzichiita rutivi runokosha mukutarisira mapurogiramu eMedicaid.
Mapurogiramu aya anosimbisa mwero wetsigiro yenzanga munyika dzose, achidzivisa kusiyana kukuru mumabasa anokosha akavakirwa bedzi panzvimbo imwe chete iyo mumwe munhu anogara.
Kutama - tama Nokuzvimba
Hurumende yehurumende ine chiremera chakakwana pamusoro pomutemo wokupinda munyika nomuitiro wokugara kwomuzvarirwo.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kusarudza kuti ndiani anogona kupinda munyika, mumigariroi, kuti vanogona kugara kwenguva yakareba sei, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuva mugari weUnited States. Uku kudzora kwapakati kunovimbisa mipimo yakafanana yokutama munyika dzose.
Mitemo Yemhoteredzo
Nepo hurumende dzinewo mitoro yemhoteredzo, hurumende yehurumende inogadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwedziviriro yemhoteredzo, zvikurukuru nokuda kwenhau dzinopfuura miganhu yenyika yakadai semhepo nemvura, dziviriro yamarudzi ari mungozi, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.
Mabasa Ehurumende
Hurumende dzinonyanya kuisa pfungwa panhau dziri mumiganhu yadzo uye dzine simba rakafara rokugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zvevagari vadzo.Hurumende dzine masimba akawanda anosanganisira kugadza uye kuchengeta hurumende, simba rokudzora kutengeserana munyika, simba rokubhadhara mari, simba rokudzora kushandiswa kwenyika nezvinhu zvakasikwa zviri mumiganhu yenyika, uye simba rokuita nokushandisa mitemo yenyika.
Gadziriro Dzedzidzo
Hurumende dzeAmerica dzine mutoro mukuru wedzidzo, kufambira mberi kwezvemari, zvirongwa zvokufambisa, kudzorwa kwemapurogiramu okutsigira mari. Dzidzo inomirira mumwe wemitoro inokosha zvikuru yehurumende, nehurumende dzinosarudza mipimo yezvidzidzo, zvinodikanwa zvomudzidzisi, nzira dzokushandisa mari dzechikoro, uye miitiro yedzidzo.
Hurumende dzinogovera dzidzo nedzidzo, dzichitarisira chinhu chiri chose kubvira kukireshi kusvikira kudzidzo yapamusoro.
Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Nomutemo
Hurumende nehurumende dzinodzivirira uye dzinochengetedza masangano adzo emitemo, kusanganisira mapurisa kana kuti migwagwa inochengeterwa zvinhu, uye dzinotanga mitemo yeutsotsi inoratidza chinoumba mhosva iri musimba radzo uye zvirango zvokuputswa.
Nyaya yokupaza muColorado ichatongwa ndokutongwa mumatare ehurumende eColorado achishandisa mitemo yehurumende yeColorado, nemhosva dzakawanda dzinotongwa mumatare ehurumende, panzvimbo pemudare rehurumende.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nyika dzinobata sei nhau dzakawanda dzemhosva uye nyaya dzehurumende.
Kugadzirwa Kwezvifambiso
Nyika dzine mutoro mukuru wokuvaka nokuchengetedza zvirongwa zvezvifambiso munyika dzadzo. Migwagwa yakakamurwa pakati pemitengo mitatu yakasiyana - siyana, nyika dzakawanda dzichiisa migwagwa mumitauro yepamusoro, yesekondari, uye yenzvimbo, gadziriro inotema kana nyika, nyika, kana kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzichifanira kubhadhara uye kuchengetedza migwagwa.
Nyika dzakawanda dzine madhipatimendi okufambisa, anotarisira uye anotarisira zvokufambisa zvomunyika, achitarisira zvinhu zvose kubvira pakuvaka migwagwa yakawanda kusvikira kugadziriro dzezvifambiso dzavose uye kunyoresa motokari.
Kutsikirira Nokudzokororwa Kwenyanzvi
Nyika dzinopa marezenisi evatyairi, uye dzinobvumira kugarwa nokushandiswa kwenzvimbo. Kunze kwamarezenisi okutyaira, dzinotaura kuti panzvimbo dzinodzorwa namabasa akawanda, kunoda marezenisi nokuda kwavanachiremba, magweta, vadzidzisi, vagadziri vebhizimisi, nyanzvi dzechisiko chose, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzakawanda.
Mutemo Wemhuri Neukama Hwemhuri
Nyika imwe neimwe inogadza zvinodikanwa zvayo nokuda kwerezinesi reroorano, roorano, chatanuro, uye nhaka.
Kushandisa Nzvimbo Nenyika Kuchinja
Hurumende dzinodzora kodzero dzezvinhu, kutengeserana kwezvivako, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo munyika dzadzo. Dzinogadza mitemo yokuvaka, mabumbiro emitemo, uye mitemo yemhoteredzo inodzora kuti nyika inogona kugadzirwa sei uye kushandiswa.
Kuteerera Mutemo Webhizimisi uye Wokuronga
Mitezo inodzora mabhizimisi anoshanda mukati memiganhu yayo, kubatanidza kugadza makambani, kubudisa marezenisi ebhizimisi, uye kusimbisa mitemo yokudzivirira yavatengi. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine mutemo wayo imene webhizimisi, uko kuri chikonzero nei mabhizimisi akawanda achisarudza kubatanidza munyika dzine mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizimisi akanaka akafanana naDelaware.
Masangano Outano Noutano Hwavose
Nyika dzinoita basa guru muutano hwavanhu, madhipatimendi outano ehurumende, kudzora zvivako zvokutarisira utano, kurapa kwenyanzvi dzezvoutano, uye kutarisira migariro yezveutano yavose.
Kusarudza Nokurumbidza
Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo richiita gadziriro yokusarudza kwomubatanidzwa, hurumende dzine chiremera chikuru chokuita sarudzo, kubatanidza kugadza zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota, kusarudza nzvimbo dzokuvhota, kutarisira kuvhota kwapakuvamba uye kusiiwa kwevasingarongwi, uye kusimbisa miuyo yokusarudza.
Mavambo Ehurumende yeHurumende
Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzakarongwa sei kunobatsira kujekesa mashandisiro adzinoita mabasa adzo.
Bazi Rinotungamirira reHurumende
Bazu guru rehurumende iri yose rinotungamirirwa nagavhuna akasarudzwa. Gavhuna mukuru wehurumende uye anogona kubatira zvimwe nhambo yegore maviri kana kuti mana, kunyange zvazvo mashoko egavhuna ari mana munyika iri yose, nyika inodzorwa, uye ndima, kunze kweNew Hampshire naVermont ane miraudzo yamakore maviri.
Sevatungamiriri vehurumende, Gavhuna vanofambira mberi uye vanotevera mitemo nezvirongwa zvitsva zvakagadziridzwa vachishandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana - siyana, pakati pavo pane zvirongwa zvevakuru vakuru, mabhajeti, zvikarakadzo zvehurumende, uye zvikarakadzo zvehurumende, uye sevakuru vehurumende, Vatongi vanobatira seshamwari yehurumende yehurumende inoitira hurumende.
Nyika dzakawanda dzine mukuru mukuru wehurumende muboka, umo nhengo huru dzakawanda dzebazi racho dzinosarudzwa zvakananga nevanhu uye dzinoshanda pamwe chete nagavhuna, kusanganisira mahofisi agavhuna mukuru mukuru (kazhinji kacho patikiti raibatanidzwa nagavhuna) uye gweta guru, munyori mukuru wehurumende, vanzwi (kana kuti vapurisa kana kuti vatungamiriri vemabhizimisi), vatarisiri vemari, vakuru vakuru vedzidzo, uye mumiririri weinishuwarenzi.
Bazu Romutemo Wehurumende
Bazu remitemo rehurumende rinobatanidza vamiriri vakasarudzwa vehurumende iyoyo, nenyika dzinoshandisa gadziriro yebamaral, kureva kuti nyika imwe neimwe ine makamuri maviri emitemo, kufanana zvikuru negadziriro yemitemo yehurumende. Chinosiiwa bedzi iNebraska, iyo ine mutezo wemitemo weuncaveral.
Iri bazi rehurumende rehurumende rine mutoro wokuita mutemo wehurumende unogona kuva mutemo wehurumende uye kutendera bhajeti yehurumende nokutanga mutemo wemitero. Hurumende dzinogadza mitemo inosiana zvikuru mumarongedzero adzo nokushanda, nemusangano wegore rose uye vamwe vachironga bedzi nokuda kwamarusando akaganhurirwa.
Bazu Rokutonga reHurumende
Bazu redare munyika zhinjisa rine dare rokupedzisira rinowanzonzi Dare Rapamusoro rinonzwa kukwirira kumatare ehurumende yakaderera. Bazu rokutonga rehurumende igadziriro yedare rehurumende iyoyo, kubatanidza dare reDare Gurusa rehurumende, neDare rapamusorosoro rehurumende rinonangidzira pamusoro pebazu redare rehurumende iroro.
Mapazu ehurumende anotonga anowanzotungamirirwa nedare guru rehurumende, iro rinonzwa kukwirira kumatare ehurumende ane mwero wakaderera, negadziriro dzedare negadziriro dzokutonga/vatongi vanosarudzwa zvimwe nomutemo kana kuti bumbiro remitemo, uye Dare Rapamusorosoro rinonangidzira ngwariro pazvikanganiso zvinoitwa mumatare akaderera naizvozvo harina kutongwa, nemitemo inoitwa mumatare makurusa ehurumende inowanzosunga; zvisinei, apo mibvunzo inomutswa pamusoro petsinhirano neU.S. Constitution, nhau dzingakwidzwa zvakananga kuDare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States.
Mitoro Yakagoveranwa Nesimba Rakavapo
Simba rehurumende rinoshanda pamwe chete namasimba anogamuchidzwa nehurumende dzehurumende, zvakadai sesimba rokutera nokugadza matare.
Kubhadhara Mutero
Hurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzine simba rokubhadhara mitero yavanhu vamwe navamwe namabhizimisi. Hurumende yehurumende inounganidza mitero yemari inowanwa, inobhadhara mitero yemitero yemitero, uye inobvisa mitero, nepo hurumende dzichigona kumanikidza mitero yemari yemari, mitero yokutengesa, mitero yezvinhu, uye mitero yakasiana - siana. Iyi mitero yose iri miviri inobvumira mitero yehurumende kutsigira mabasa ayo nemibato yakasiana - siana.
Kumanikidza Mutemo Neruramisiro Youtsotsi
Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunoshanda pamwero yakawanda, namasangano ehurumende akadai seFBI, DEA, uye ATF achibata mhaka dzinodarika miganhu yehurumende kana kuti dzinoputsa mutemo wehurumende, nepo mapurisa omunzvimbomo achikurukura utsotsi mukati mehurumende dzavo.Masangano ezvokuchengetera mutemo nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anobatira pamwe pakunzvera namasimba emabasa, zvikurukuru nokuda kwenhau dzakadai sokutengesa mirimo, utsotsi hwakarongwa, uye ugandanga.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo
Kudzivirirwa kwemhoteredzo kunoda kushandira pamwe pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende.
Kugadzirwa Kwezvifambiso
Munharaunda zhinji, hurumende dzine basa guru asi dzinogoveranawo mutoro wokutarisira nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo nedzehurumende. Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari nokuda kwemigwagwa mikuru iri pakati penyika ndokugadza mipimo yekotsekano, nepo nyika dzichivaka nokuchengeta migwagwa, marezenisi okutyaira anobudiswa, uye kumanikidza mitemo yemotokari. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisira migwagwa yeguta negadziriro dzezvifambiso zvavose.
Kutanga Kwoutano Hworuzhinji
Hurumende yehurumende ndiyo inoita kuti pave nokutsvakurudza, kupa mari, uye kuronga mhinduro kumamiriro ezvinhu anokurumidzira eutano munyika yose nemasangano akadai seCDC neNIH.
Kutarisira Kwekurumidziro Nemhinduro Yengwavaira
Savakuru vakuru, Gavhuna vane mutoro wokuva nechokwadi chemigariro yavo yekurumidziro nengwavaira dzemarudzi ose noukuru, nemigariro yekurumidziro nengwavaira zvikurusa zvinobatwa pamwero womunzvimbomo, uye vashomanene vanoda chiziviso chengwavaira yapurezidhendi kana kuti kukwezva ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau munyika yose, bva Gavhuna vanofanira kuva vakagadzirira nokuda kwezvinoitika zvezuva nezuva nejecha, mafashamo, kubuda kwamagetsi, mwoto yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye zvinhu zvine ngozi zvinoteuka (8ass) nokuda kwengwavaira dzeCHOVID, Hurricane Katrina, kana kuti denho dzegandangariro dzaSeptember 11.
Hurumende yehurumende inogovera zvinhu, kushandira pamwe, uye kutsigira nemari nokuda kwengwavaira huru kupfurikidza neFEMA, nepo nyika dzichichengeta masangano adzo amene anotarisira kurumidziro ndokutsinhiranisa kuita kwomunzvimbomo.
Masangano Okubatsira Vanhu Nezvirongwa Zvemagariro
Muma 1990, Congress akapa chiremera chine revo pamusoro pepurogiramu dzemari yakaderera yomubatanidzwa kupfurikidza nokuvabvumira kugadza zvinodikanwa zvinogamuchirika negadziriro dzebetsero nokuda kwePresy Families (TANF). Gadziriro zhinji dzebasa renzanga dzinobatanidza kupiwa mari nehurumende, kuchibvumira nyika kugadziridza mapurogiramu nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo apo dzinochengeta mipimo yenyika.
Kushanduka Kwechibvumirano
Simba riri pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende rachinja munhau yose yeAmerica, zvichiratidza kuchinja kwezvinokosha zvorudzi uye tsananguro dzechiremera chebumbiro remitemo.
Nguva yepashure yokupfuudza
Pession yeThona inosimbisa iyi nheyo: “Masimba asingapiwi kuUnited States neBumbiro reMitemo, kana kuti anorambidzwa nayo nehurumende, anochengetwa kunyika dzacho, kana kuti kuvanhu. ” Ipapo, simba rehurumende, raidzivirirwa kwete nesimba rehurumende rinodzivirira, asi nokuganhurira mano ehurumende yehurumende kuti iite chiito panzvimbo yokutanga.
Kuchinja Kwehondo Pashure Pehondo
Kushanda kwehurumende kwakachinja pashure peHondo yeChivili, neRepublicans muRevigationth Congress ichigadza Gadziriro yeHwechi 13, ichibvisa simba rehurumende rokumanikidza uranda mukati memiganhu yayo. Nhambo iyi yakava nokukura kukuru kwesimba rehurumende pamusoro pehurumende, zvikurukuru pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu.
Chibvumirano Chitsva Chechirongwa
Dare rakadudzira Chikamu I kupa Congress simba rokudzora chose chose mubato wezvemari wapasi penyika unotapura zvikuru kutengeserana kwenyika, uye nemhaka yokuti ukuru noukoshi hwezvemari zvorudzi zvakanga zvapfuura zvikuru chiono chokutengeserana kwenyika dzapakati penyika dzakaitwa naVavambi, simba rokudzora chinhu chipi nechipi chinotapura kutengeserana kwenyika yose chinoenzana nesimba rokudzora chinenge chinhu chiri chose, kureva kuti hurumende yehurumende zvino ingagona kudzora munzvimbo dzaichimbova dzinodzorwa chose chose nenyika.
Kushanda Muchirongwa Chenyika Chazvino Uno
Chaizvoizvo, ubati ushe hwehurumende hwakawedzera ndokuderera chifo chokuvamba, uye ukama hwehurumende hwakarwiswa nguva dzose, nechibvumirano chehurumende chiri kuva namativi mana akasiyana mukati menhambo ina dzakasiyana munhau yedu yebumbiro remitemo: pashure peFoounding, pashure peChivil War, post - New Deal, uye kubva kuRehnquist Court kusvikira nhasi.
Mazano Nedzikamo Pakati Pehurumende Dzehurumende Nehurumende
Gadziriro yomubatanidzwa inobatanidza miitiro yokuti mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende uongorore simba reimwe, uchichengeta dzikamo yehurumende.
Nyika Inoongorora Simba Rinotonga Nehurumende
Simba rinokamuraniswa pakati pemwero yorudzi nehurumende) namapazu (zvomutemo, zvomutemo, uye zvokutungamirira) rinodzivirira pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba kwakaiswa ngwariro pamwero upi noupi kana kuti bazu, hurumende dzehurumende dzichishanda senzvero inotyisa pakutsoropodzwa namasangano orudzi.
Nyika ine chiremera chakarongwa chokudzivisa zvishuvo zvehurumende yomubatanidzwa kupfurikidza: kuramba kugadziridza kweBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., kukwidza hurumende yehurumende kana kuti mitemo yehurumende inodenha mudare, uye kushandisa mitemo yehurumende nomutoo unotsigira nheyo dzakatangwa mubumbiro remitemo rehurumende.
Nzvero Dzamagariro Avanhu Pasimba reHurumende
Mutungamiriri wehurumende Claus anotaura kuti mutemo wehurumende unokosha kupfuura mutemo wehurumende apo kunenge kune rwisano, kureva kuti kana mutemo wehurumende uchipokanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa, mutemo wehurumende unokurira, uchivimbisa gadziriro yapamutemo yakafanana murudzi rwose, iyo inokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta nhevedzano netsinhirano mukudzora.
Hurumende yomubatanidzwa inogonawo kushandisa simba rayo rinopedza kupesvedzera muitiro wehurumende kupfurikidza nokubatanidza migariro kuzvipo zvomubatanidzwa, uye matare ehurumende anogona kuputsa mitemo yehurumende inoputsa Bumbiro Remitemo reU.S.
Basa reHurumende yomunzvimbomo Mugadziriro YeFederal
Nepo hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzichigoverana simba munzira dzisingaverengeki, hurumende yomunzvimbomo inofanira kupiwa simba nehurumende.
Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzobatanidza nhurikidzwa mbiri: minda, inozivikanwawo sematura eAlaska neruwa muLouisiana, uye matura, kana kuti maguta, nedzimwe nyika dzinokamuranisa mitumbi kuva mataundi makuru, uye nharaunda dzakarongwa munzira dzakawanda, sezvinorondedzerwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende, uye dzinodanwa, nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana, mataundi, misha, maguta, kana kuti mataundi.
Mahurumende anowanzova nomutoro wemapaki nemabasa okuzvivaraidza, madhipatimendi emapurisa neokudzima moto, mabasa okupa dzimba, mabasa okurapa anokurumidzira, matare ehurumende, mabasa okufambisa (kubatanidza zvokufambisa zvavose), uye mabasa avose (mapaipi, matsvina, kubviswa kwechando, chiraudzo, nezvimwewo).
Tapuro Yemagariro Enyika Paupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva
Vanhu vokuAmerica vakawanda vane onano yakawanda yezuva nezuva nehurumende dzavo nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kupfuura nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, ine madhipatimendi emapurisa, maraibhurari, uye zvikoro — tisingadudzi marezenisi okutyaira uye matikiti okupaka motokari — kazhinji kazhinji zvichiva pasi pehurumende dzehurumende nedzomunzvimbomo.
Gadziriro yehurumende inotapura mativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica. Paunomuka mangwanani, uri mumusha mudzoro yemitemo yomunzvimbomo nemitemo yokuvaka. Mvura yaunonwa inodzorwa nemipimo yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende. Mafashoni ako anobatanidza migwagwa inochengetwa nehurumende nehurumende yomunzvimbomo, mumotokari yakanyoreswa nehurumende, kutevera mitemo yemotokari inoitwa nehurumende nemapurisa omunzvimbomo. Pabasa, unodzivirirwa nemitemo yose iri miviri yehurumende neyapamutemo yehurumende neyamasangano ebasa nemiraudzo yeko yeko yekotseka.
Vana vako vanopinda zvikoro zvinodzorwa zvikurukuru nezviremera zvehurumende nevomunzvimbomo, kunyange zvazvo zviri pasi pezvinodikanwa zvehurumende. Zvokudya zvaunodya zvinoongororwa nemitemo yehurumende nehurumende yokuchengeteka kwezvokudya. Kutarisira kwako utano kunodzorwa namapuranga ehurumende namasangano ehurumende. Kunyange kurega kwako basa kunotapurwa negadziriro dzeSangano reSocial Security neMedicare, zvichiwedzerwa nemiraudzo yehurumende pamarindizo omunhu oga neinishuwarenzi.
Betsero Dzetsika YeFederal
Kukamukana kwemasimba pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende kunopa betsero dzinoverengeka dzinokosha:
Kuvandudza Muitiro Nokuedza
Nyika dzinobatira se "masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu," umo miitiro mitsva inogona kuedzwa pamwero muduku zvikuru isati yagamuchirwa sorudzi. Kuvandudzwa kwehurumende kunobudirira munharaunda dzakadai sezvoutano, dzidzo, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo kazhinji kazhinji kunopesvedzera muitiro wehurumende uye kunogamuchirwa nedzimwe nyika.
Mhinduro Dzinopiwa Nevanhu
Zvinoshanda munyika dzomumaguta dzine vanhu vakawanda zvingasiyana nezvinoitwa munyika dzokumaruwa dzinorima.
Mapfundo Akawanda Okuwana Nawo Mugariro Womugari Wemo
Vagari vemo vanogona kubatanidzwa nehurumende dzakasiyana - siyana, zvichiwedzera mikana yokubatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika uye kuita kuti hurumende irambe ichiita chimwe chinhu pazvinonetsa vanhu.
Kudzivirirwa Pakudzvinyirira
Simba rinoparadzanisa pakati pehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende rinodzivisa kunyanyoisa chiremera muchinhu chimwe chipi nechipi. Uku kuparadzirwa kwesimba kunoita kuti kuve kwakaomera zvikuru boka ripi neripi kuti ritonge tsika yose yezvamatongerwe enyika.
Matambudziko Egadziriro Yemapuraneti
Nepo hurumende ichipa betsero dzakawanda, inopawo denho dzakati:
Kuoma Kunzwisisa Nokuvhiringidzika
Mitoro inodzorwa yehurumende nehurumende inogona kuvhiringidza kuti hurumende ndedzipi dziri kukonzera kuti pave nemhosva.Vagari vemo vangasaziva kuti voenda kupi kana kuti vangagadzirisa sei matambudziko.
Kusaenzana Mberi Kwenyika
Kubvumira nyika kuti dzive nemitemo yadzo kunogona kutungamirira kukusiyana kukuru mumabasa, kodzero, uye kudzivirirwa zvichienderana nokuti mumwe munhu anogara kupi.
Zvinetso Zvokuronga
Kugadzirisa zvinetso zvinoda kuitirwa nyika imwe neimwe kana kuti kubatanidzwa kwezviito zvenyika kunogona kuva kwakaoma kana nyika dzine mitemo yakasiyana uye zvinhu zvinokosha.
Kuomesa Mafiro uye Kutadza Kushanda
Kubhadharwa kwemitero kungatsigira mapurogiramu akafanana pamwero yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende, uye kuoma kwehurumende kunogona kunonotsa kuita zvisarudzo.
Misiyano Mikuru Mukushanda Kunoita Hurumende Dzehurumende Nehurumende
Kunze kwemitoro yadzo yakasiana, hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinosianawo mumashandire adzo:
Michina Yemabumbiro Emitemo
Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo rimene rakanyorwa, uye aya magwaro kazhinji kazhinji akasanosanorongwa zvikuru kupfuura mubiyayo wehurumende, somuenzaniso, neBumbiro reMitemo reAlabama, rine mashoko 310 296 — anopfuura na 40 kupfuura Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States. Mitemo yeHurumende inowanzova yakareba zvikuru uye ine udzame zvikuru kupfuura United States Constitution, ine mitemo yehurumende paavhareji inorefusa kana seU.S., uye inoshandurawo mitemo yayo kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru kupfuura U.S.
Michina Yakananga Youbati Ushe Hwehurumende Yapasi
Mumaruwa akawanda, vanhu vanogona kuita mabasa emitemo zvakananga, neiyi mitoo kazhinji kazhinji inoda chiverengero chakati chezvisaini pachikumbiro, pashure pacho nhau yacho inoiswa pavhoti nokuda kwokuvhota kwavose. aya anobatanidza nhano dzokuita, mapenduru, uye kuyeuka, izvo zvisingawaniki pamwero womubatanidzwa.
Nzvimbo Yechiremera
Hurumende yehurumende inogona bedzi kushandisa masimba anopiwa kwairi neBumbiro reMitemo, nepo nyika dzine masimba makuru amapurisa okudzora utano, chengeteko, uye garikano yavagari vemo vadzo. uyu musiano mukuru unoreva kuti nyika dzine chiremera chikuru mukati mendima dzadzo kupfuura izvo hurumende yehurumende yapasi pose.
Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzako Nemabasa
Somugari wemuAmerica, unoshanda nehurumende dzehurumende uye dzehurumende uye une kodzero uye mabasa panzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri:
Kodzero Dzakakodzerana Nemabasa
Mitemo yeUnited States nemitemo yehurumende zvinovimbisa maruramiro akati kuAmerica yose, kubatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, uye gungano; maruramiro okuvhota musarudzo yomubatanidzwa; uye dziviriro pakusarura. Mitoro yeFederal inobatanidza kubhadhara mitero yehurumende, kuwirirana nemitemo yehurumende, uye kubatira pamajangari ehurumende apo anodanwa.
Kodzero Dzehurumende Nemabasa
Mabumbiro emitemo nemitemo zvinogovera maruramiro okuwedzera nedziviriro, izvo zvinogona kuva zvakakura zvikuru kupfuura dziviriro dzomubatanidzwa asi hazvigoni kuva zvinodzivirira zvishoma zvamaruramiro anopikirwa neBumbiro reMitemo reU.Hurumende inobatanidza kubhadhara mitero yehurumende, kuwirirana nemitemo yehurumende, kuwana marezenisi anodiwa ehurumende, uye kutora rutivi musarudzo dzomunyika nomunzvimbomo.
Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda
Kunzwisisa kukamukana kwemitoro yehurumende nehurumende muitiro unopfuurira.
- Website yehurumende USA.gov inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende yehurumende uye zvirongwa
- Website yehurumende yako yehurumende inopa mashoko emitemo, mabasa, uye masangano
- National Archives inogovera kuwanikwa kwokuvamba magwaro namashoko enhau pamusoro pehurumende yeAmerica
- Maraibhurari omunzvimbomo anowanzogovera zvinhu pamusoro pechimiro chehurumende nokutora rutivi kwenzanga
- Masangano edzidzo yepic anogovera mashoko asiri echechi pamusoro penzira inoshanda nayo hurumende
mhedziso
Kukamukana kwemitoro pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende kunomirira chimwe chamativi anosianisa zvikurusa egadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. hurumende yehurumende inogoverana uchangamire neimwe neimwe yehurumende 50 mundima dzayo dzakatsaukana, ichiumba gadziriro ine simba iyo inodzikamisa chinzwano chorudzi norusununguko rwomunzvimbomo.
Hurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzeitiro hanya yorudzi — defen, mitoo yokumwe, kutengeserana kwenyika, uye mari (pane nguva nyika dzinotarisira dzidzo, kotsekano yavose, chokufambisa, uye mutemo wemhuri.
Iyi gadziriro yakashanduka - shanduka nenzira inokosha chifo chokuvamba, nedzikamo yesimba ichichinja mumhinduro kuzvinoitika zvenhau, zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro, uye zvinodikanwa zvenyika zvinochinja. Pasinei zvapo nenharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro poukuru hwakafanira hwechiremera chehurumende nehurumende, gadziriro yehurumende inopfuurira kugovera gadziriro yokupedza zvose zviri zviviri zvinetso zvorudzi neitiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo.
Kunzwisisa kuti ndiani anoita izvo hurumende yeAmerica inopa simba vagari vemo kuti vaite zvinobudirira nehurumende yavo, kuziva kwokutsvaka mabasa, uye kutora rutivi zvine revo mumiitiro yedemocracy. Ungave uri kukurukura nesangano rehurumende kana kuti dhipatimendi rehurumende, uchiziva kuti ihurumende ipi inoita mabasa anokubetsera kudzora gadziriro yacho uye kushandisa kodzero dzako somugari wemo.
Sezvaunosangana namabasa ehurumende akasiyana - siyana nemirau muupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva, yeuka kuti uku kukamukana kwakaoma kwamasimba kwakarongedzerwa noune kudzivirira rusununguko, kudzivisa udzvinyiriri, uye kubvumira udzori hunogona kupedza zvose zviri zviviri zvinodikanwa zvavose veAmerica nezvisarudzo zvakasiana zvehurumende imwe neimwe nenzanga. Sangano rehurumende rinoramba riri mhenyu, richichinja - chinja chinoramba chichiumba hurumende yehurumende yeAmerica neupenyu hwavose vanodana kuti musha weUnited States.