Kudzivirira kwemabhomba kunokosha pakutarisira tsika mumativi ose avose uye evoruzhinji. Idzi dziviriro dzinopa vanhu simba rokushuma kusazvibata, unyengeri, uori, uye kuputswa kwekotsekano pasina kutya kutsiva. Nokusimudzira tsika yokuzvidavirira nokuona, kudzivirira kwokurira kunobudirira kunobetsera kuchengeta kuvimbika kwamasangano uye kudzivirira fariro yavose. Nyaya inonzvera mativi apamutemo, denho, uye miitiro yakanakisisa yakapoteredza kudzivirira kwerimba, ichipa nhungamiro yakakwana yamasangano uye vanhu vamwe navamwe vanozvipira kumufambiro wetsika.

Kunzwisisa Dziviriro Dzemapfuro

Tsananguro Nenheyo Dzemitemo

Dziviriro dzemichina inodzivirira dzinonongedzera kumitemo, mitemo, uye miitiro inodzivirira vanhu vanozivisa mashoko pamusoro pemibato isiri yapamutemo, isina kururama, kana kuti isina kukotsekana mukati mesangano. Nheyo huru ndeyokuti avo vanoita mufariro yavose kupfurikidza nokushuma chakaipa havafaniri kutambura miuyo yakaipa yakadai sokuparadza, kuderedza, kunetsa, kana kuti kuisa. Dziviriro dzinofukidza kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzose dziri mbiri kushuma kwomukati (musangano) uye kushuma kwokunze (kuendesa kutevedzerwa kwomutemo, kana kuti kutevedzerwa kwezvinobudisa nhau), kunyange zvazvo mwero wedziviriro uchitsamira pachimiro chekuzivisa nechiremera.

Mumiitiro yapamutemo yakawanda, dziviriro dzakasimba zvikurusa apo mupfuri anoshuma kuchiremera chakafanira, anotevera miitiro yakanyorwa, uye anoita kudaro nokutenda kwakanaka.

Chikonzero Nei Dziviriro Dzichikosha

Ukoshi hwedziviriro dzeridzo dzinotambanudzwa kupfuura ruramisiro yomunhu oga. Zvinobatira basa rakakomba renzanga kupfurikidza nokugonesa kuzivikanwa nokudzivirirwa kwekuvadziko. Pasina dziviriro, zvinoitika zvakawanda zvetsorororo yebhizimisi, shatiso yemhoteredzo, ngozi dzoutano hwavanhu, uye tsvina yehurumende zvingaramba zvakavanzwa. Rangarira mienzaniso inotevera:

  • [[FLT: 0] Mhosva yeEnron (2001):[[FLT] Sherron Watkins, muongorori womukati, akasimudza mireza mitsvuku pamusoro pokubiridzira kubhadharwa kweakaundi, asi dziviriro dzisina kukwana panguva yacho dzakaparira kuwa kwekambani yacho nokurasikirwa kukuru kwemari.
  • Kurasika kweoiri yemvura yomumvura yakaita sedziringaradzika (2010): Vavhimi vomuBP vakanga vashuma kuitira hanya njodzi dzisati dzaitika, asi nyevero idzodzo dzakafuratirwa, zvichitungamirira kuimwe yengwavaira hurusa dzemhoteredzo munhau.
  • Tsaonamutange yeCHOVID-19: vashandi vezvoutano navakuru vakuru vezvoutano vakataura pamusoro pemidziyo inodzivirira isina kukwana kana kuti kukundikana kwemiitiro yakatarisana nokutsiva munyika dzinoverengeka, kuchisimbisa kudikanwa kwedziviriro dzakasimba kunyange mukati memigariro yekurumidziro.

Apo vashandi vanoziva kuti kusazvibata kunogona kushumwa zvakakotsekana uye kuti kuzvidavirira kuchatevera, masangano sezvingabvira zvikuru anowirirana nemitemo nemipimo yetsika.

Mitemo Yakakura Nemabasa Okugadzira Zvinhu

United States Inopfura Mitemo

United States ine chikamu chemitemo yehurumende nehurumende inodzivirira varidzi veriyi. Chirevo chikuru chehurumende ndicho Whistleer Protection Act (WPA) ya 1989, inodzivirira vashandi vomuhurumende vanozivisa kuputswa kwomutemo, kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwemari, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwechiremera, kana kuti ngozi chaiyo kuutano kana kuti chengeteko. WPAS inoita mabasa anodzorwa mukutsiva uye inogovera nzira yokuti vashandi vatsvake chiito chokururamisa kupfurikidza ne Office yeChirevo chakasiyana - siyana. [FLT:]

Nokuda kwechikamu chavanhu chapachivande, Sarbanes-Oxley Act ya2002 inodzivirira vashandi vamakambani anotengesa pachena anoshuma utsotsi hwemitengi, muparadziri wemitemo yeSEC. SOX inoda makambani kutanga mibato yokushuma uye kurambidza kutsiva paripi. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation neConsumer Protection Act (20)[FLT] programuction yakakudziridza dziviriro uye yakaita chirongwa: vatambi vaparidzi vanogovera nokuzviito zvokuzvidira mashoko vanotungamirira nokubudirira. [[FLT] 30]

Mitemo yokuwedzera yeUS inodzivirira vanoridza mheto mumakamu akati: Entron Protection Agency (EPA) inodzivirira vashandi vanoshuma kuputswa kwemhoteredzo, sezvine udzame paEPA Whistlection Program Program yedziviriro yeProjini yeFLT, [[FLT]]. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA) inoita kuti Whistle pulcer Program inofukidza mirau yapamutemo yemitezo yemitemo yehurumende inofukidza kuchengeteko yebasa, zvokufambisa, uye dziviriro yezvitengi.

Mibatanidzwa yeEurope Inopfura

Muna 2019, European Union yakagamuchira Whistleer Directive [Directive (EU) 2019/1937), inoda kuti nyika dzose dziri mutezo dzitange mipimo miduku yokudzivirira vapfuri. Kurayira kunofukidza nharaunda dzakafara, kubatanidza mari, mabasa emari, kuchengeteka, purofiti, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, dziviriro yavose, dziviriro yomutengi, uye dziviriro yemajeri. Dare rokubudisa pamutemo reEurope panhungamiro ye[FLT] mativi makuru.

Nyika dzemitezo dzinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti varidzi verimba vanoshuma nomumikoto yomukati kana kuti yokunze vanodzivirirwa pakutsiva, uye kuti vanogona kuwana yamuro yapamutemo kana kuchidikanwa. Mirayiro yacho inokurudzirawo masangano ane vashandi 50 kana kuti kupfuura kutanga mikoto yokushuma yomukati. Pakasvika 2023, nyika zhinjisa dzeEU dzakanga dzapinza murayiro mumutemo wenyika, kunyange zvazvo kupinza mibato kunoramba kusina kufanira, nedzimwe nyika dzinotarisana nokutsoropodza nokuda kwokuchengetwa kune simba duku.

Dzimwe Nheyo

Dzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka dzakaita mitemo yokudzivirira inocherekedzwa yokuridza mhete:

  • Kingdom: The Public Infation Dissourse Act (PIDA) 1998 inodzivirira vashandi vanopaza kuzivisa kufarira kwavose. Mutemo unofukidza vashandi, vanovaka, uye vashandi vamabasa, uye unodzivirira mabasa anokuvadza nokudzingwa.
  • South Africa: The Device Displasures Act (PDA) 2000 inopa dziviriro pakukuvadzwa kwebasa nokuda kwavashandi avo vanozivisa mashoko pamusoro pezvisakafanira mumativi ose ari maviri avose uye evoga. Inoitawo Wishlittle Protection Frame.
  • Canada: The Public Students Dislosure Protection Act (PSDPA) inosimbisa muitiro wakachengeteka kuti vashandi vomuhurumende vazivise zvakaipa uye vadzivirire kuti vasatsiviwe. Hofisi yePublic Septution Commissioner inotarisira gadziriro.
  • Australia:[ The Public Dissourse Act 2013 (CT) inodzivirira vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanozivisa chakaipa. Hurumende nendima zvine mutemo wadzowo.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi mitemo, mikana yokuita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo inosara. Kupeta-pfupikisa kweInternational kwedziviriro yokuridza mheto [ kunonzvera miitiro yenyika yose uye kunozivisa uko chinjo dzinodikanwa zvikurusa.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Navaputi Vemahwanda

Kudzorera Nezvimiro Zvako

Kudzosera kudzosera kunoitwa kunoitwa nokukurumidza zvikurusa. Kunogona kuva zvimiro zvakawanda kupfuura kubviswa kwebasa kuri pachena. Kutsiva kwapachivande kunobatanidza kuiswazve munzvimbo dzisina kunaka, kubviswa pamisangano, kuderedzwa kwemitoro, kuhwirudzura kwokuita, kana kuti kubatwa kwakasiana. Muzvimwe zviitiko, vapfuri veriva vanorambwa kusimudzirwa, kucherekedzwa kwakawedzera, kana kuti kunyange kucherwa mukati menzanga yavo yenyanzvi. Kufunda 2020 kunoitwa nebhurokwapa risingashandisi Government Accounment Project yeAus project[[]

Kunyange apo dziviriro dzinovapo, kubvumikisa kutsiva kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Dare kazhinji kazhinji rinoda varidzi veridzo kuratidzira batano pakati peziviso nechiito chakaipa (hwumutoo uyo unogona kuva wakaoma kusvitsa, zvikurukuru apo mushandirwi anodudza zvimwe zvikonzero zvechiito. Miitiro yapamutemo inogona kutora makore, mukati menguva iyo mubati werimba angatarisana nedzvinyiriro yemari nemirangariro.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nezvemari

Vapfuri vanoronda mishonga yapamutemo vanowanzosangana nemhinganidzo dzinokosha. Kushaiwa zivo yemiitiro yapamutemo yakaoma, miganhu, uye mipimo inojeka. Kumirira pamutemo kunodhura, uye vapfuri vashomanene vanogona kubhadhara kurwisana namasangano akasanogadzirwa kana kuti masangano ehurumende. Gadziriro dzemari inobhadharwa haiwanzova dzechitsama kunze kwemiitiro yemari yakarongwa yakananga yakadai seDodd-Frad.

Uyezve, mimwe mitemo inoda kuti vapfuri vapedze mishonga yomukati vasati vatsvaka nyaradzo yokunze.Ikoku kunogona kunonozetsa kusvika kururamisiro uye kunoratidzira munhu kudzoresa kwokuwedzera apo muitiro womukati unenge uchiitika.

Kurasikirwa Nepfungwa Nenzanga

Kurwadza kwemirangariro kwokuridza mheto kukuru. Varidzi vazhinji vanoshuma mirangariro yokuzviparadzanisa, funganyo, kuora mwoyo, uye kunyange pfungwa dzokuzviuraya. Vanowanzotarisana nokushaikwa nevavakidzani neshamwari, kuvadziko kuzita ravo rebasa, uye chitambudzo chokuwana basa romunguva yemberi. Chinozivikanwa sechinetso [[FLT: 0]] chemhingurutsi [[ inorondedzera kunetseka pakati pokuita chinhu chakarurama nokuchengeta basa romunhu noupenyu hwake. Zvidzidzo zvakasimbisa kuti vabati veripi vanowanzova nemhinganidzo dzebasa refu, uye vakawanda havatongodzokeri kumwerozve pamwero yebasa.

Kuzvidzwa kwenzanga kwakabatanidzwa nokuridzwa kweridzo - dzimwe nguva kunozvipa zita zvisina kururama se “majeri” kana kuti“ vafambi” pasinei zvapo nebasa ravo ravo revoruzhinji (hwunopedza mitoro iyi yendangariro. Masangano anokundikana kuparira tsika inotsigira asingazivi anosimbisa uku kunyadzisa, achiodza mwoyo vamwe vatori venhau vanobvira kuti varege kuuya mberi.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Nokuda Kwemasangano

Kuumba Mikoto Yokushuma

Mitemo yokuridza mheto inobudirira inovamba nemitoo yakajeka, inosvikika, uye yakachengeteka. Masangano anofanira kupa mikoto mizhinji nokuda kwokushuma: wirirano yakatsaurirwa (kazhinji kazhinji inoshandiswa neboka rechitatu nokuda kwokusazivikanwa), email, paIndaneti, uye chisarudzo chokushuma zvakananga kumukuru mukuru wetsika wakagadzwa kana kuti chikwata chokunzvera. Mikoto inofanira kusanosashambadzwa uye kunzwisiswa kuvashandi vose, pasinei zvapo nomutauro kana mwero wokurava.

Kuzivikanwa kwakaipa. Varidzi verimba vakawanda vanobvira vanodziviswa norutyo rwokuti kuzivikanwa kwavo kuchaziviswa. Nepo kusazivikanwa kwakakwana kwakaoma kuvimbisa, masangano anogona kushandisa kunyorwa kwamashoko okunyora, kunyorwa kwenhema, uye kusiana kwakavanzika. EU Whistlecuper Directive inokurudzira zvakajeka kushuma kusingazivikanwi, kunyange zvazvo kuchibvumira nyika dziri mitezo kusarudza kana kuchida kuzivikanwa kwapashure nokuda kwedziviriro inopfuurira.

Kurwisana Netsika Netsika

Muitiro wakanyorwa unorwisana nokudzorera unongova bedzi mavambo. Muitiro unofanira kudzoreswa nenzira isingachinjiki, nemiuyo yakajeka nokuda kwamaneja kana kuti vashandi vanotsiva. Masangano anofanira kuratidzira mutungamiriri mukuru (akadai somukuru mukuru wetsika kana kuti zano guru) kutungamirira kuteererwa uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti hapana mupfuri anotambura miuyo yakaipa.

Kuvaka tsika dzeperero kunoda kuzvipira kwenhungamiro. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kutevedzera tsika uye kutsigira khwero pachena. Rovedzo yenguva dzose inofanira kusimbisa kuti kushuma kusazvibata hakuna ngozi bedzi asi kunokosheswa. Vashandirwi vanogona kuyera mugariro wokunze: kana vashandi vachitya kutsiva, izvo zvinoratidzira kudikanwa kwokuvandudza marongedzero.

Kurovedza Nokungwarira

Vashandi vose vanofanira kugamuchira rovedzo pakodzero dzokuridza mhete nokushuma miitiro. Misha mitsva inofanira kusumwa kugadziriro yetsika dzesangano mukati mekuverevedza, uye rovedzo inopfuurira inofanira kunyandura zivo ndokubatanidza mitemo kana kuti mirau. Rovedzo inofanirawo kukurukura nzira yokuziva nayo matsive(zvose zviri zviviri mazango nezvinonyengera) uye nzira yokuzvishuma nayo.

Vatarisiri zvikurukuru vanoda rovedzo chaiyo nemhaka yokuti kazhinji kazhinji inhau yokutanga yokuonana navaridzi veridzo. Vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti havagoni kuranga kana kuti kutyisidzira vashandi avo vanozivisa mashoko mukutenda kwakanaka, kunyange kana kuzivisa kwacho kukava kusina kururama. Rovedzo inofanira kubatanidza fundo dzenhau, kuita basa, uye mienzaniso yakajeka yomufambiro unorambidzwa.

Basa Remitumbi Inotarisira

Mitumbi inotarisira yokunze inokosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti dziviriro dzeriva reza dzinoshanda uye dzinomanikidzirwa. MuUnited States, Office yeChirevo Chaichoicho (OSC) inonzvera matsive anoitwa navashandi vehurumende uye inogona kutsvaka chiito chokururamisa. SSC Office yePUT ( inoshandisa purogiramu yeDodd-FFFForcercerting uye programuation trains. [FLT]] Agement (EPAL:5] na[FFL:]

Pamwero wamarudzi ose, masangano akadai se Wistle Protection Coalition ne International Association of Whistlevers[ anotsigira dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru uye anogovera mibatanidzwa yezvokutsigira. Masangano asingadi mari akafanana [[FLT:]] . [FLT] anonzvera mutemo weripi remone munyika yose nehurumende kuvhara tsvindo. [[FTLT:6]]

Mitumbi inotonga yakasununguka inobetsera kupfurikidza: kunzvera zvichemo pasina rusaruro, kubudisa mishumo yavose inodzivisa kutsiva, kurumbidza kuvandudza kwemiitiro, uye pane dzimwe nguva kugovera betsero yemari kuvaridzi veridzo vakarasikirwa.

mhedziso

Kudzivirira kwemagwenya ndiwo musimboti wekutarisira tsika musangano ripi neripi razvino uno. Zvinogonesa kuzivikanwa kwemhinganidzo, ngozi dzekotsekano, kukuvadzwa kwemhoteredzo, uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, nepo zvichidzivisa mufambiro wakaipa wakadaro panguva imwe chete. Nzvimbo yepamutemo iri kubviswa(-US, EU, uye mamwe masimba akawanda anosimbisa dziviriro.) asi zvinetso zvinokosha zvichiripo. Kurapa kwepamutemo kuchiri kuitika kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji, kurapa kwapamutemo kunowanzoderera uye kunodhura, uye kuoma kwetsika kunopfuurira.

Masangano anoisa dziviriro dzinosimbisa kurira kwerimba panzvimbo yokutanga anobetserwa kwete bedzi nokuwirirana nemitemo asi kubva kutsika dzakasimba zvikuru, chivimbo chavashandi chikuru, uye kuderedzwa kukuva anoratidzirwa kukundikano dzine ngwavaira. Kupfurikidza nokushandisa mikoto inoshuma yakajeka, kusimbisa miitiro inorwisana nokudzorwa, uye kugovera rovedzo yakakwana, masangano anogona kuita mhoteredzo umo kuita chinhu chakarurama chiri chisarudzo bedzi. Varidzi verimba vamene, vanonzwisisa kodzero dzavo, vanotsvaka tsigiro, uye vanoshandisa mikoto inoshuma inhanotsoropodza mukuzvidzivirira vamene nefariro yavose.

Sezvo matare anotarisira anopfuurira kuvandudza mitemo nokushandisa simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvitevedzerwe, tariro ndeyokuti vanoridza mhete havachafanirizve kusarudza pakati pehana dzavo nebasa ravo.