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Kunzwisisa Electoral College: Chirongwa Choubati ushe Hwehurumende Hunodzora yeAmerica

Electoral College haisi nzvimbo, asi muitiro weAmerica wechienzi wokusarudza Purezidhendi naMutungamiriri weUnited States. Yakagadzwa muBumbiro reMitemo, yave iri nhau yekurukurirano chifo chokuvambwa kwerepublic. Kunzwisisa tsika ino kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kutora sarudzo uye anopinda mukurukurirano yehurumende yakaziviswa. Iyi nhungamiro inoputsa mashandire anoita Electoral College, nhau yayo, zvibvumikiso zvayo, uye zivo inoshanda nokuda kwaFoffain.

Kushanda Kunoita Electoral College: Famba Nenhanho

Muitiro weElectoral College unobatanidza nhanho dzinoverengeka, kubva pakusarudzwa kwavavhoti kusvikira kuchiratidzo chokupedzisira chakaitwa neCongress.Heyi nzira yaunoshanda nayo mugore rasarudzo yapurezidhendi:

1. Kubviswa Kwevagadziri Vemichina Yemichina Yekuongorora

Nyika imwe neimwe inogamuchira nhamba yavavhoti vakaenzana nechiverengero chavasaruri vayo (nguva dzose vaviri) navamiriri vayo muImba (zvinosiana zvakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo). Ruwa rweColumbia, kunyange zvazvo rusati rwuri nyika, runogoverwa vatatu muPendezhezhe. Hwerengedzo yavavhoti i 538, inomirira 100 Senators, 435 vamiriri, uye 3 nokuda kwaD.C.

2 Kusarudzwa Kwevarapi

Pamberi pesarudzo yavose, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika muhurumende imwe neimwe anotora zviratidzo zvavasaruri neboka − nenzira yakatanhamara vatsigiri vebato, vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo, kana kuti vatsigiri. Apo vagari vemo vanovhota nokuda kwomubhapatidziri muna November, ivo zvomenemene vari vvunduri nokuda kwechitupa chomuvhoti. Mazita avavhoti haawanzooneka pabhoti; panzvimbo pezvo, vavhotera vanoona mazita avatungamiriri navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

3. Kusarudza uye Kutora Zvose

PaZuva reSarudzo, vavhoti vakakanda zvivhoti zvavo. Muna 48 .C., mutsigiri anowana mavhoti akakurumbira zvikurusa (uzhinji, kwete hazvo vazhinji) anogamuchira mavhoti ose enyika iyoyo. Ikoku ndiko ]win-all [ sisitemu. Zvikamu zviviri ndiMaine naNebraska, zvinoisa mavhoti okuvhota namavhota maviri makuru enyika. Somuenzaniso, muNebraska, zvinobvira kuti vavhoti vavhoti vehurumende vasarudzori.

4. Kusangana Kwavaravi

Muna December, pashure pokunge miuyo yesarudzo yapupurirwa nehurumende imwe neimwe, vavhoti vanosangana mumadzimbahwe avo ehurumende akatsaukana kuti vasande mavhoti avo ehurumende — bhasikoro rimwe nokuda kwaPurezidhendi uye rimwe raPurezidhendi. aya mavhoti anonyorwa pamapepa eVote, ayo ipapo anotumirwa kuMutungamiriri weDare (Mutungamiriri weHurumende yeUnited States) uye kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakagadzwa.

Kuverenga Migove yeElectoral muCongress

Mukutanga kwaJanuary, chikamu cheCongress chinoungana kuti vaverenge vhoti dzinosarudzwa. Mutungamiriri weSanihesi, saPurezidhendi weDare, anotungamirira pakuverenga. Mutevedzeri anogamuchira voti inenge 270 vovhoti anoziviswa mukundi. Kana pasina mutendi anosvika 270, sarudzo inokandirwa kuImba yaVamiririri, iyo inosarudza Purezidhendi (nhume imwe neimwe yehurumende inovhota) uye Dare rinosarudza Mutungamiriri weSangano. Ikoku kwangoitika kaviri bedzi munhau: muna 1800 na1824.

Maidi Makuru Pamusoro Pekoreji yeElectoral

  • [[[FRANT:0] Vasarudzi: 538
  • [[[FOL:0]] Thorovera kuwina:[[FLT: 1] 270 vhoti dzekuvhota
  • Nhamba yenyika dzine zvinohwina zvinokurira: 48 (PUPD.C.)
  • Zvikamu zvinokamura mavhoti akasarudzwa: Maine naNebraska
  • Nhamba yenguva dzakahwina mutevedzeri pasina kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira: shanu (1824, 1876, 188, 2000, 2016)
  • Vasaruri vasina kutenda:[[FLT: 1] Vasaruri vavhotera mubhadhari vakasiana newavakapikira. Dzimwe nyika dzine mitemo yokuranga kana kuti kutsiva vavhoti vakadaro. Muna 2020, Dare Rapamusoro rakatonga kuti matare anogona kuda vasaruri kuti vatevere zvipikiso zvavo.

Mavambo Enhau: Chikonzero Nei Vakatanga Vakaita Electoral College

Electoral College yakaitwa kuti ibvumirane pane zvisina kufanira mukati meConstitutional Convention ya1787. Vavambi vakakurukura nzira dzinoverengeka dzokusarudza nadzo Purezidhendi: vhoti yakakurumbira yakananga, vhoti yakasarudzwa neCongress, kana kuti kusarudza nehurumende. Vakaramba vhoti yakakurumbira yakananga nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

  • Rack yekurukurirano yenyika: Muzana ramakore rechi 18, nyika yakanga ichinonoka uye kurukurirano. Vatangi vaitya vavhoti vaizoziva bedzi vadaviri veruwa.
  • Kutya "kutonga kwemob": vazhinji vakavamba havana kuvimba nehurumende yavose yakananga, vachidavira kuti muvhoti asingazivi aigona kutsauswa namademogue.
  • Simba rokudzora:[[FLT: 1] Nyika duku dzinonetseka kuti nyika huru dzingadzora vhoti yakakurumbira. Electoral College yakavapa inzwi rakasimba zvikuru (nemhaka yokuti hurumende imwe neimwe inowana mavhoti matatu akasarudzwa pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo).
  • Uranda naMatatu-Finth Kubvumirana: Mukubvumirana Kutatu, vanhu vakabatwa muuranda vanoverengwa semitatu yemunhu nokuda kwamadonzo omufananidzo, vachisimudzira simba rakasarudzwa renyika dzeSouthern pasina kupa vanhu ivavo maruramiro okuvhota. Iyi nhaka inoramba iri mharo.

Gadziriro yacho yakagadzirirwa kuva navavhoti () vagari vemo vakachenjera zvikuru uye vakazvimirira . Kushandisa chisarudzo. Zvisinei, ikoko kwakakodzera kwakatsiva nokukurumidza ruvimbiko rwebato negadziriro yazvino uno umo vavhoti vanovimbiswa kuvada kutendwa.

Kutsoropodzwa kweElectoral College

Kwemazana emakore, vakawanda vakataura kuti Electoral College yave ichiripo, isina democratic, kana kuti isina kururamisira.

Chitsoropodzo chakatanhamara zvikurusa ndechokuti mudaviri anogona kuwina purezidhendi pasina kuwina vhoti hurusa munyika yose. Ikoku kwakaitika musarudzo shanu: 1824, 1876, 188, 2000, uye 2016. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti ikoku kunosekesa nheyo ye "munhu mumwe, vhoti imwe" uye kunogona kutungamirira kupurezidhendi uyo asati ari muvhoti zhinjisa veAmerica.

2. Kunyanyosimbisa Kufamba kweSwing States

Nemhaka yegadziriro inowana danho rose, nhimbe dzapurezidhendi dzinonangidzira ngwariro zvikuru pamifungo mishomanene yamakwikwi "yakadai seFlorida, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, Georgia, uye Nevada). Voter mu "nechengeteko" dzinotaura kuti“ bvuruu kana kuti tsvuku zvikuru. (zvinorangarira shanyo dzenhimberi, kushambadza, uye ngwariro yemiitiro. Ikoku kuparira pesvedzero isingaenzaniswi munyika.

3. Kushatiswa Kwemari Munyika Dzisiri Dzokurwisana

Vamwe vagari vomunyika dzinodzvinyirira zvikuru vanotaura kuti kutora kwavo muvhoti yapurezidhendi hakushandi zvinobudirira nokuti vhoti dzavo dzehurumende dzatosarudzwa.

4. Vanogona Kudzidza Vasina Kutenda

Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, vavhoti vanogona kuvhotera mumwe munhu uye kuvhota mumwe wavakavimbisa.

5. Kuoma Kunzwisisa Nezvirongwa Zvokubatsira

Kana pasina muvhoti anosvika 270, sarudzo inokandirwa kuImba Yavamiririri. Muchinoitika ichocho, nhume imwe neimwe yehurumende ine vhoti imwe, pasinei zvapo navagari vemo, uko kungagona kutungamirira kumuuyo unopesana zvikuru nevhoti yakakurumbira. Ikoku hakuna kuitika chifo cha 1824, asi bviro ichiri pamusoro pavatsoropodzi.

Makakatanwa Anotsigira Electoral College

Vadziviriri veElectoral College vanotaura kuti inoshanda muzvinangwa zvinokosha zvebumbiro remitemo uye inodzivirira zvinhu zvishomanana.

1. Inodzivirira Nyika Nduku Nenzvimbo Dziri Kumaruwa

Kana pasina, vanoda vangangofuratira nyika dzose kunze kwedzine vanhu vakawanda zvikuru seCalifornia, Texas, Florida, uye New York. Sangano rinomanikidza vanhu kuti vaumbe mibatanidzwa mirefu munzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana.

2. Kusimudzira Kushanda Munzanga

Electoral College inosimbisa basa rehurumende mugadziriro yehurumende. Kuvhota kunoitwa pamwero wehurumende, uye muitiro unoisa miganhu yomutemo. Gadziriro yacho inopawo mwero wakati wokungwarira mukugovera kwadzinoita vhoti dzevhoti, sezvinooneka muMaine neNebraska.

3. Kudzivisa Kuputsirwa Nenzvimbo Dziduku Dziri Mumataundi

Pasina Electoral College, vanoda kubhabhatidzwa vangangonyanya kuisa pfungwa dzavo panzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda mumaguta vorega kufarira nzanga dzomumaruwa.

4 Inochengetedza uye Inochengetedza

Gadziriro yokukunda yose inowanzogovera mukundi akajeka pausiku hwesarudzo (kana kuti mazuva anotevera), ichidzivisa kudikanwa kwokumhanya kana kuti kurondedzera kwakaoma munyika yose. Mukupesana, vhoti yakakurumbira yakananga ingagona kutungamirira kunharo dzakawanda pamusoro pemikoto mizhinji kana mucheto uri muduku zvikuru.

5. Kutanga Kuitika Munhau uye Kudzikamisa Mutemo

Kune vakawanda, Electoral College rutivi rwegadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo uye inofanira kuchengetwa kutoti kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kwaitwa.

Nhamburiko Dzokuchinja Kana Kuti Dzokuvandudza Electoral College

Kwave kune kuedza kwakawanda mumakore kugadziridza kana kuti kuparadza Electoral College. Kuedza uku kunowira mumapoka makuru maviri:

Kugadziriswa kweBumbiro reMitemo

Nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokuparadza nayo Electoral College kupfurikidza nokugadziridza kwebumbiro remitemo, uko kunoda mvumo yezvikamu zviviri nezvikamu zvose zveCongress neratation nenzvimbo nhatu dzenyika. Zvigadziriso zvizhinji zvakakarakadzwa, asi hakuna zvakabudirira munguva dzazvino uno. Yave iri pedyosa muna 1969, apo Imba yakapfuvura chitsama chakakurumbira, asi yakapfuudzwa muDare.

Chibvumirano cheNational Interstate (NPV)

Imwe nzira ndiyo National Popular Vote Intertate Community, chibvumirano pakati pehurumende kunzvimbo dzose dzevhota dzadzo dzinosarudzwa kumukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika. Chikamu chacho chinongoshanda bedzi apo chine mitongo yakakwana (pachitsama 270 chevhoti) kuvimbisa mugumisiro. Kubvira muna 2024, nyika 17 neD.C. chakakumbanira, kuva mavhoti 209 akasarudzwa neakakurumbira. Compty haisati yasvika pachikumbaridzoreri chechi 270, asi inomirira sangano rinokosha kuidi renyika yakakurumbira pasina kuvhotanwa kwapamutemo. Gwarobhoti recomption yecompty yakabvunzurudzwa, asi haina kutongwa nakare dare redare.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro peNPV, ona website yepamutemo National Popular Vote.

Zivo Inoshanda Nokuda Kwokuziva Kugara Mumusha

Kunzwisisa Electoral College hakungovi kudzidza chete, kunochinja mashandiro aunoita hurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica.

Ziva Basa Rehurumende Yako

Sarudza kana mugariro wako uri "wheat," "mo yakakotsekana," kana kuti mugariro une mavhoti akaparadzana evhoti (Maine neNebraska). Kana uchigara munyika inotenderera, vhoti yako sezvingabvira ichagamuchira ngwariro huru kubva munhimbe. Asi kunyange mumugariro wakakotsekana, nhau dzokuvhota nemhaka yokuti inopesvedzera madzinza echikwata chetsoro chenharo (Sante, House, nharaunda nenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo) ndokuzivisa nhungamiro yezvamatongerwe enyika yako.

Nzwisisa Kusiyana Kwemashoko Akakurumbira Nemavhesi

Apo unosarudza Purezidhendi, uri kuvhota chaizvoizvo nokuda kwavavhoti. Ziva kuti vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika haisati ichisarudza mukundi.iyi zivo inokubatsira kududzira miuyo yesarudzo uye kufumura nokungwarira vanobudisa nhau.

Ita Nharo

Kuziva kuti unofanira kubatanidzwa pakurukurirano dzine revo pamusoro pokuti unofanira kuchengeta, kuchinja, kana kuti kutsiva gadziriro. Kana uchitsigira kana kuti kushora gadziriro yazvino, kunzwisisa mativi ose ari maviri enharo kunokuita kuti uve mutsigiri anobudirira zvikuru.

Funga Kuti Mutambo Wako Unokukanganisai

Vamwe vavhoti munyika dzisingakwikwidziridziri vanonzwa vagumbuka. Zvisinei, kune nzira dzokuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe: vazvipiri nokuda kwenhimbe, mupiro kuzvisakiso zvinowirirana nezvinokosha zvako, uye kutora vhoti huru, izvo zvinogona kuva zvinotapura zvikuru kupfuura sarudzowo zvadzo mune dzimwe nyika.

Tevedzera Zvinoitwa Pashure Pezuva Rokusarudza

Ziva kuti kusarudzwa hakugumi paChipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Mavhoti edare anovhoterwa muna December ndokuverengwa muna January. Kunzwisisa idzi nhano kunokubetsera kutevera nhau zvakarurama, zvikurukuru mukusarudza kwapedyo uko zvinetso zvapamutemo kana kuti kurondedzera zvingaitika.

Mibvunzo Inowanzobvunzwa Pamusoro peElectoral College

Chii chinoitika kana mumwe munhu akafa kana kuti akaremara Electoral College isati yasangana?

Ichi chinoitika hachitsanangurwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, asi mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika ane zvirongwa zvamaitiro. Vavhoti vanogona kuvhotera mutsivi, kana kuti Congress ingagona kupfuudza mutemo kuti ipe mamiriro acho ezvinhu. hapana chinoitika chakadaro chati chamboitika.

Vavhoti vanogona kurangwa here nokuda kwokusatevera vhoti yakakurumbira?

Hungu, munyika dzakawanda. Muna 2020, Dare Gurusa rakasarudza Chiafalo v. Washington iyo inotonga kuti itsigire mitemo inoda vavhoti kuti vavhotere mudaviri wavakapikira kutsigira. Dzimwe nyika dzinoisa faindi kana kuti kubvisa vavhoti vasina kutenda.

Nei kusarudza kukuru uye kuisa mapepa murusarudzo kuchikosha kwazvo?

Kunzwisisa kuti nhume dzinopiwa sei mumakwikwi aya kunokoshawo sei kuti dzive vagari vemo vakadzidza, sokusarudza kunoita munhu anenge avhota.

Electoral College inotapura sei vanoda kupiwa chikamu chechitatu?

Vanoda kuhwina vavhoti vechitatu havawanzohwina mavhoti nemhaka yegadziriro yose inohwina. Zvisinei, vanogona kushanda sa "vatsiri" kupfurikidza nokuvhota vavhoti vanobva kunyika huru dziri pedyo, zvingagona kutapura muuyo. Somuenzaniso, Ralph Nader muna 2000 naJill Stein muna 2016 vakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuvhota vavhoti veDemocraticswors mumaruwa makuru.

Nokuda kwemifungo ine udzame zvikuru yenhau, National Archives yeU.S. inogovera chiono chakaisvonaka chomuitiro weElectoral College: Chii chiri Electoral College? nemepu yokunyorerana pa 270toWin inobetsera nokuda kwokutevera masvomhu evhota munguva chaiyoiyo.

Mugumisiro: Electoral College muDemocracy yazvino Uno

Electoral College inoramba iri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakakavadzana zvikuru zvegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeU. Chinoumbwa nezvinobvumiranwa izvo zvakataura pamusoro pezvine chokuita nehurumende dzechi18. Nhasi, inoshanda munyika yakasiyana zvikuru ine kurukurirano inodzokororwa nokukurumidza, yakasiyana zvikuru, uye yakasiyana zvikuru yezvamatongerwe enyika. Ungairangarira sedziviriro yehurumende kana kuti mhinganidzo yokumirira zvakanaka, kunzwisisa Electoral College chinhu chinokosha chekuziva kuziva kugona kunyora. Vagari vemo vanogona kukurukura zvakanaka nezvechisarudzo chokufamba, kutora dare rezvokusarudza, uye kuita kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro penzira dzakanakisisa pamusoro penzira yokusarudza mutungamiriri wenyika yakasununguka.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro penhau namakanikoro eElectoral College, [[FLT: 0] Encyclopædia Britannica [ inogovera nzvero huru, uye sangano reFairVote rinopa mashoko pamusoro penhamburiko dzechinjo dzinosarudzwa: Fairvote paElctoral College.