Kuumbwa kweHurumende Yenyika yeUnited States uye Nzira Iyo Micter Esttings Ingatevera Nayo

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuiswa pasi kwesimba. Simba rinoparadzirwa napakati pamapazu matatu akaenzana: Chiratidzo, Chirevo, uye Chitongi. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo richibudisa chivako, ivhoti inopa simba. Kuvhota injini yetsika ino. Miterters, inochengetwa pakati chaipo napurezidhendi ishoko regore rechina, muitiro mukuru webumbiro remitemo kuti igadziridze nhungamiro yehurumende yehurumende kunze kwegore rasarudzo yepurezidhendi.

Sarudzo idzi dzinosarudza mitezo yeCongress, iyo inodzorawo murairo, bhajeti rehurumende inotonga. Dzinoumbawo kuumbwa kwehurumende dzehurumende, idzo dzinobatira semarabhoritari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunzwisisa ukama hwakaoma pakati pamapazu matatu ehurumende nebasa resarudzo pakati penhambo yenguva yokusarudza kunokosha kuti kunzwisise zvizere upenyu hwehurumende yeAmerica namazano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Midters dzinogovera mukana wakarongwa, unorairwa nemitemo kuti vanhu vachengete simba rinozvidavirira uye kugadziridza dzikamo yepesvedzero muWashington, D.C.

Mbiru Nhatu Dzesimba Rinotonga Nehurumende

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S., rakanyoreswa muna 1787, rakagadzira gadziriro yamasimba akaparadzana necherekedzo nedzinodzikamiswa. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa akasiyana, asi vanotsamira parimwe kuti rishande nenzira inobudirira. Vavambi vainyumwira zvikuru chiremera chakasimba, vachishandisa ruzivo rwavo nehurumende yeBritain. Vakaronga noune hurumende uko simba raizoparadzaniswa, kuchida batira pamwe namakwikwi pakati pamapazu kuti vatonge.

Bhuku Romutemo: Congress

Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo chinogadza dare rokuita mutemo. Isangano rebadamaral, rakakamuraniswa kuva Imba yaVamiririri neDare. Uku kubatana kwakanga kuri kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati penyika huru neduku mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo, kudzikamisa kumirira chiverengero chavanhu nouchangamire hwehurumende hwakaenzana.

Imba yeVamiririri. Imba yakagadzirwa kuva imba iri pedyosa navanhu. Mitezo yose 435 yokuvhota inobatira mashoko egore maviri, zvinoreva kuti vanofanira kutarisana nguva dzose nechisarudzo. Iri simba rezhetembo pfupi rinomirira kuramba richitsinhirana nezvinodikanwa nemirangariro yenzvimbo dzavo dzakananga. Imba inobata simba rechikwama inovamba mitero yose yemari uye ine simba retsinga retsinga rekudzo. Nemhaka yokuti imba yose yakwira mukati menhambo, izvi zvisarudzo zvinogona kubvisa chose chose chose nzvimbo yakaderera yeimba yapasi yeimba mapurogiramu. Muitiro unova mutemo, kubatanidza, uye utongi, uye kudzorwa kukurusanwa, zvinodzorwa zvikuru neboka, dare, zvinotaura kudzorwa zvikuru.

Dare. Dare idare rinopa maruramiro zvikuru. Hurumende imwe neimwe inosarudza vamiririri vaviri vedare, vanobatira vachizununguka mashoko egore matanhatu. Ikoku kunoreva chinenge chikamu chimwe che 100 chevasarudzo vanokwidziridzwa nokuda kwokusarudza makore maviri ari ose. Dare masimba anobatanidza kusimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (mitezo yeCabine, vatongi venyika, vamiririri vehurumende) uye zvibvumirano zvinosimbisa. Inoedzawo kudzorwa kwavakuru vakuru vakuru. Chimiro chinoshambadzwa cheSarudzo chinodzivirira imba kubva chose chose chose chose mudenderedzwa rimwe, asi kuwedzerwa kwapakati pezvisarudzo zvamakurusarudzo pamusoro pezvikamu zvinoverengeka zvenguva inopfutongeri kana kuti purezidhendi wehurumende &20; Muitirowo mugadziriro inodzoro mukuru wedare remitemo yeSangano mudare renguva inosanwa zvikuru mudare rehondo rinodzorwa zvikuru mumakumi amakumi amakore amakore anotonga.

Bazu Rine Chiremera: Mutungamiriri

Chikamu II chinoisa simba rapamusoro muMutungamiriri weUnited States. Purezidhendi ane mutoro wokushandisa nokusimbisa mitemo yakanyorwa neCongress. Bazu razvino uno rinotonga rinobatanidzawo Vice Purezidhendi, vashambadzi veHouse, Kibit (madhipatimendi makuru), uye vashandi vazhinji vehurumende vanopa chinhu chiri chose kubva kudziviriro yenyika kusvikira kuzvoutano. Purezidhendi anorairawo masimba ane zvombo, mufambiro wokumwe nyika, uye anopa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kutungamirira kushanda kwehurumende yomubatanidzwa.

Purezidhendi anosarudzwa kuva anosvika panhambo yamakore mana uye haasati ari padanho rakakwirira mukati menhambo. Zvisinei, Purezidhendi ’ kumira kwezvamatongerwe enyika hakudzivisiki. Sarudzo yeMidters inowanzoiswa seapendium parusarudzo rwapakati napakati papurezidhendi s. Purezidhendi ane mirariro yetendero yakakwirira anogona kubetsera ganhuriro yebato ravo, nepo purezidhendi asingafarirwi zvikuru anogona kudzosa boka ravo, kuchitungamirira kukurasikirwa nezvigaro zveChuro zveCubestier Congrigional nesimba. Miuyo yepakati penguva inoumba purezidhendi we mano okudzora nokuda kwamakore maviri asara echipo.

Bazu Rokutonga: Matare

Chikamu III chinosimbisa Dare guru ndokubvumira Congress kuvamba matare ehurumende akaderera. Dare redare rehurumende rinodudzira mutemo uye rine simba rokuongorora, richiubvumira kuzivisa mitemo isiri pamutemo. Iri simba rakasimbiswa munhau yechiratidzo Marbury v. Madison[FL:1] [1803]. Gadziriro yedare rehurumende inobatanidza matare 94 eruwa, 13 matare enhu ezvikumbiro, uye Dare gurusa. Vatongi veFedera vanobatira kugadza kwenduramo yenguva dzose, vachiaita kuti azvimiririre edzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika pakare.

Ipa ndipo apo sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzine tapuro inopfuudza yechienzi inopfuudza. Kusimbiswa kweDare kwavatongi vehurumende kwazova hondo inorondedzera yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chinjo mukutonga kweDare nemhaka yenguva yepakati pesarudzo inogona kusarudza kana purezidhendi anogona kuzadza nzvimbo dzokutonga kana kuti kana kugadzwa ikoko kuchavharwa. Kusimbiswa kwokukurumidza kwavatongi mukati mekutungamirira kwaTrump, mugumisiro wakananga wema1914 na2016 pakati penhambo kupa Dare reSarugaro, kugadziridzazve mutongi wehurumende wechizvarwa. Vatongi vomubatanidzwa wehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi vatatu veSarutimende, vakasimbiswa mukati menhambo iyoyo.

Gadziriro Yemakeja Nedzikamo

Kutamba pakati pamapazu aya kunoparira gadziriro huru yechekedzo nedzikamo. Purezidhendi anogona kuzivisa mutemo unopiwa neCongress. Mitemo inogona kudzora nevoruzhinji vane mativi maviri mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Dare rinosimbisa kana kuti kuramba kuva purezidhendi. Congress inogona kubvisa uye kubvisa Purezidhendi navatongi vehurumende. Dare guru rinogona kuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvedare zvisina kudzorwa. Midterment ndiyo nzira huru iyo voruzhinji vanogona kugadziridza nayo dzikanidzo yesimba pakati peGumbiso neGenestivative pasina kumirira jastigaties. Ivo vanobatira sedzvinyiriro yakarongwa yokubudiswa kwevara mugadziriro yemitemo.

Kudimbura Pakati Papakati Pezvisarudzo

Sarudzo dzemisi isingazivikanwi isarudzo hurusasarudzo dzegore negore munyika yedemokrati. Inobatanidza zviuru zvamadzinza munyika yose, kubva pahoro dzeCongress kusvikira kumadare ezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo. Nepo vasina makwikwi echienzi, anoshamisa apurezidhendi, mubatanidzwa wavo unodzokororwa pamuitiro unowanzova wazvino uno zvikuru uye unonzwika zvikuru kuvaAmerica vazhinji.

Chii Chiri Pamutambo Wekupera Kwemisangano?

Mwero mukuru wesarudzo yazvino uno pakati penhambo yapakati mukuru. Mavoter anokumbirwa zvakashata kusarudza pamativi akawanda amahofisi nenhau. Zvikamu zvikuru zvinobatanidza:

  • [[FT:0]U.Imba yaVamiriri: Zvigaro zvose 435 zvinoiswa nokuda kwesarudzo makore maviri ari ose.
  • [ U.S. Dare: Anenge chikamu chimwe chetatu chezvigaro 100 zvinokwikwidzwa (Clas 1, 2, uye 3 zvinosundidzwa).
  • Gavhuna weChikamu: nyika 36 dzinosarudza mukuru mukuru wadzo mukati mamakore akati.
  • State Legislatures: Zviuru zveimba yehurumende nezvigaro zvedare zvakamiswa nokuda kwokusarudza, kusarudza kudzorwa kwemiitiro yehurumende uye, nenzira yokutoda kurangarira, simba rokukwevazve mepu dzemasangano kwegumi ramakore rinotevera.
  • State and Local Offices: Mukuru weAttorney, vanyori vehurumende, vatongi, vatongi, mabhodhi echikoro, uye mameya kazhinji kazhinji zvinosarudzwa mukati menhambo dzapakati.
  • .Ballot Initives: Masangano mazhinji anotaura mavhoti pamatanho ehurumende yakasarudzwa navanhu yakananga, akadai sokuita mbanje pamutemo, kufutunura Medicaid, kutanga makomani akazvimirira, kana kuti kudzivirira maruramiro okubvisa pamuviri.

Voter Turdaut: Pakati Slump v. Miti mitsva

Kwamakumi amakore, chiratidzo chinoratidzira chesarudzo pakati penhambo chakanga chiri chisarudzo chakaderera. Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inowanzokwezva 60% yavavhoti vakakodzera, pakati penhambo inowanzoderera pasi pe 40%. Iyi “midterm translation ” yakanga iri rutivi nemhaka yokushaikwa kwenhangemutange yakakwirira yapurezidhendi uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji yakadzosa vasarudzo vakuru, vachena, uye vatsi. Muna 2014, yakanyura pasi pa 36.4%, yakaderera zvikuru chifo cheHondo Yenyika II.

Zvisinei, nguva yokusarudza ichangobva kupfuura iyi yakaputsa iyi kombamiro. 2018 nguva yapakati yakaona chinyorwa 49.4%, chakasundwa nokuparadza kukuru nokushanda kwehurumende. 2022 nguva yapakati yakaramba iri pamwero wakakwirira wekuvimbisana pa4.6%, yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura nguva ipi neipi pakati pa 1970 na 2014. Uku kuwedzera kunokarakadza kuti vavhoti vari kuziva nenzira inowedzera mativi makuru eidzi sarudzo, zvikurukuru pamusoro penhau dzakafanana nedzezvoutano, kubvisa pamuviri, uye tsika dzedemokramendi. Nzvero dzechinyakare dzinoratidza kuti vavhotera vakuru (vanopfuura 65) nevezera rekoreji vanoramba vachitendeukira kumitengwa zvikuru, asi vaduku vavhoti vatsigiridzi vanorambawo vachienda mberi muzvikamu zvichangobva kupfuura.

Michina Yokugadzira Magetsi Nemavhairasi

Makore gumi ari ose, CVS inovamba muitiro wokunyora purofiti yemaruwa esangano kuti atsanangure nokuda kwokuchinja kwavagari vemo. Uyu muitiro ndewezvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru. Muhurumende zhinjisa, mubato unodzora chibvumirano chehurumende unowana mepu. Ikoku kunobvumira kuti vapinde mugerrymanridering, izvo zvinoreva kuti maruwa awedzere betsero yawo yemibatanidzwa ne ȁ packing ȁ chitsoropo mumaruwa mashoma kana kuti ȁ chitsoropo kushora maruwa mashoma.

Kudzorwa kwemasangano kunokosha zvikuru pasarudzo dzenguva pfupi. Kunoita kuti maruwa akawanda edzimba ave akakotsekana nokuda kwebato rimwe, kureva kuti sarudzo huru inokwikwidza zvikuru kupfuura kusarudzwa. Kunorevawo kuti hondo yokudzora matare ehurumende mukati mamakore apakati papakati inokosha zvikuru, sezvo inosarudza kuti ndiani achanyora mepu kwamakore gumi anotevera. Dare guru rakatonga harigoni kunzvera matare ehurumende echibvumirano, kuisa mutoro chose chose chose pamatare ehurumende nezvirongwa zvokutaura nezvemuitiro.

Basa Remari Yenhimbe

Ndyiko yesarudzo yakawedzera zvikuru. Masangano, mapati, uye kunze kunodira mabhiriyoni amadhora mukushambadzira, kubuda kwemasangano, uye kutumira mashoko. Kukwira kwePUT PAC kutevera 2010 Chitsamisiro cheUnited[[FLT]. v] FE] [[FLT] [[FLT]] .Ichisarudzo cheDare guru redare rakabvumira masangano, masangano, uye vanhu vakapfuma kupedza mari isingaganhurirwi pakushandiswa. Iri tsiva remari rinopa mari mumitengo inokosha asi rinobvumirawo denho huru nemapoka okunze kuti adzorerwe mari. Mano anoramba kudzora mari anoparirawo kuwanda. Mano anodzora mari anodudzwa kazhinji sechisarudzodzo, vanhu vanokwidza mukukwidzana kuti vasarudze kutsigira mativi ose.

Kubatsira Kunoita Kusarudza Nguva

Sarudzo dzenguva dzakapfuura hadzisi kungoshanda kwebhokisi rokuongorora; idzo injo huru mukudzora kweAmerica. Miuyo yadzo inopedzerwa munharaunda huru dzinoverengeka idzo dzinotapura zvakananga upenyu hwavagari vemo.

Kudzosera Purezidhendi

Midters dzinobatira senzvero yavose inokosha zvikurusa yapurezidhendi anogara pakati pesarudzo yake nenhimbe yavo yokusarudza. Purezidhendi ane parti rinorasikirwa zvikuru pakati penguva anoona dzimbahwe rake rezvamatongerwe enyika richinyanga. Vanowanzoparapatika kupfuudza zvinhu zvavo zvakasara zvemitemo uye kutarisana nokutarisira kwakawedzerwa kubva kuChivako chinodzorwa nechishoro chetsoro. “ Six-Mondal Irch ȁ rondedzero inokarakadza kuti purezidhendi ’ munenge mubato rinorasikirwa nguva dzose nezvigaro zvavo musarudzo yavo yechipiri yenguva yegore, muitiro unocherekedzwa mumitezo yeEishower, Reaven, Clinton, naObama.

Kudzora Murairo Wacho

Chinotapura nokukurumidza zvikurusa cheSarudzo yapakati penhambo idzoro reCongress. Hurumende yakabatana (uko Purezidhendi ’ mapato anodzora Imba neDare) anobvumira purezidhendi kuronda purogiramu yemitemo yemitemo ine shungu, sezvinoonwa neAffordible Care Act muna 2009-2010 kana kuti kutemwa kwomutero muna 2017. Hurumende yakakamukana (panotongwa imba imwe kana kuti dzose dziri mbiri dzose) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inotungamirira kutsika dzemitemo, kumanikidzira kubvumiranisa kana kuti kumisa chose chose chose purezidhendi nharidzano dzemiitiro. Kudzorwa kwePamba kunosarudza Scoumer, zvigaro zvedare, uye purogiramu yezvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvinosvika pauriri. Voruzhinji vanogona kutanga kunzvera, kunzwa, uye nhau yenhau, kuinzvera pabazu guru guru.

Kudzorera Ganhuriro Yavarwi

Dare ’ basa mukusimbisa magumo edare harigoni kunyanyoziviswa. Dare rinodzorwa naPurezidhendi’ boka richakurumidza kusimbisa vamirineri vavo. Dare rinodzorwa neSangano rinoshora rinogona kunonoka kufamba kana kuti kuvhara, richishandisa zvishandiso zveprocedtural nenhoutsve. Izvozvi zvinonyanya kunetsa zvikuru nokuda kwemitemo yedare, apo kugadza kwoupenyu kunoreva simba resarudzo imwe yepakati penhambo imwe inogona kupfuurira kwamakumi amakore. #x201; chisarudzo chenyukis, ȁ &x1; icho chakabvisa 60-pate com yezvikumbariso nokuda kwokusimbisa rusina kunyanyova, zvakaita kudzora dare redare gurusaikurusa, iro rinobvumira Purezidhendi Rhn, Kghner, naR.

Hurumende uye Mishandirapamwe Yemiitiro

Hurumende imarabhoratory ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye kusarudza kwapakati penhambo nenhambo kunosarudza utungamiriri hwavo. Gavhuna vane simba guru pamusoro pemari yehurumende, dzidzo, kutarisirwa kwoutano (kubatanidza memetiad percentation), ruramisiro youtsotsi, uye kudzorwa kwemamiriro enjodzi. Hurumende dzinodzora kugadziriswa kwemitemo yevhu, mitemo yesarudzo, uye mhesano huru yemitemo yenzanga nezvemari. Vatongi vepakati penhambo imwe yegore vanogona kubvisa hurumende kubva kuDdemocratic to Republican kana kuti kudzoseranwa, kuchitungamirira kukuchinja kukuru kwemiitiro yenhau dzakadai yokubvisa pamuviri, maruramiro okuvhotera, uye mitero.

Kusarudzwa Kwenguva Dzapakati Nenhau Nemigumisiro Yako

Kutarira panhambo dzakati dzapakati kunobetsera kuratidzira simba razvo rokuchinja uye kuti zvakaumba sei mugariro wezvematongerwe enyika kwamakumi amakore.

2010: Kuwedzera Kweboka Remateyi

Purezidhendi Barack Obama akanga apinda muhofisi muna 2008 nesimba guru. Zvisinei, nguva dzapakati dza2010 dzakaita kuti pave nechishoro chakajeka. Yakatsigirwa nechishoro kuAffordhable Care Act (ACA) uye mari yebhangi, sangano reTea Party rakakuchidzira fungu guru reRepublican. GOP yakawana zvigaro zvakaisvonaka 63 zveImbavhu, kudzorwa kukurusa pakati penguva chifo cha1948. Uku kwakachinja kudzorwa kweImba kuRepubliccans uye kwakagumisa nenzira inobudirira Purezidhendi Obama&x20; mano okupfuudza mutemo mutsva mukuru. Mugumisiro wakanga uri mukuru uyo wakatungamirira kukuva zvigaro zvamavhuna nezvikwereti zvemari.

2018: Mafungu Ebhuruu

Mutungamiriri weDonald Trump ’ kusarudzwa kwokutanga pakati penhambo kwakaonekwa zvikuru sechisarudzo pamusoro petsika yake yokubatanidza nyika nemitemo. Chidzokororwa nechiito chikuru kuruboshwe, zvikurukuru pakati pavakadzi navokuvhota, Democratic Party yawana zvigaro 40 zveImba, kudzorwazve kwekamuri. Sarudzo ya2018 yakaona muvhoti mukurusa wepakati pezana, achiwedzerwa nenhau dzakafanana noudzoreki hwezvoutano nedzoro kudzoro kuTrump mitemo. Ikoku kwakatungamirira zvakananga kukuva mudzori wokutanga wenzvimbo yaPrezidhesi weTrump uye akatanga nhambo yokutarisira kukuru.

2022: Red Ripple

Munhau, purezidhendi mutsva ’ nguva yokutanga inoguma nepane pa#x201C;wave” sarudzo mukurwisana nebato ravo. NaPrezidenti Joe Biden’ inotendera kukwirira pasi pe 50% uye kukwira kwemitengo, vanzveri vazhinji vezvamatongerwe enyika vakadeya kutaura kuti Wills “ Red Hand; muna 20222. Panzvimbo pezvo, Republics dzakagona bedzi voruzhinji muImba, kunhonga zvigaro 9, apo Democrates yakawana zvomene chigaro muDare. Sarudzo yakatanhamara nokuda kwokushanda kwakasimba kweDmocraticer &desktop#19; [FBB] [DoFFF] padzoromes]

Murangariro Webumbiro remitemo Wezvisarudzo Zvenguva Dzose

Vavambi vakafungidzira sarudzo dzenguva dzose senzira huru yokunzvera nayo simba rehurumende. James Madison akanyora muFederalist No. 52 kuti “ Imba yavamiririri inofanira kuva nechitsamiro chapakarepo, uye tsitsi dzapedyo navanhu. ” shoko remakore maviri nokuda kwemitezo yeNzvimbo rakaonekwa senzira yokuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende yakaramba ichiita chimwe chinhu kuchinjo. Imba yakasundwa yegore ra6 remirayiro yedare resenator yaiitirwa kugovera dzikamo nedziviriro pa ȁ actions &&x201; iyo ingamuka mukuchinja kwezvematongerw enyika nokukurumidza.

Munhambo yazvino uno, misi yepakati inoshanda sevharusi redzvinyiriro yakakomba. Inodzivisa hurumende kutsauka kure zvikuru nevoruzhinji nokuda kwenhambo dzakarebesa. Apo purezidhendi neCongress vanoronda mitemo iyo vanhu vasingadi, mikana yapakati inogovera gadziriro yakarongeka, yakarongeka yokururamisa. Uku kuzvidavirira isimba rehwaro regadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica.

Kupedzisa: Basa Rinokosha Pakusarudza

Sarudzo dzemicter idivi retsika yehurumende yeU.S. hadzisiwo zvadzo mashoko omuzasi kana kuti “ warm-app chiito ” nokuda kwenhangemutange yapurezidhendi inotevera. Idzo rutivi runokosha, runorairwa nemitemo yetsika yecheki nedzinoiswa padzinoiswa. Vatangi vakagadzira Imba yavamiriri kuti vave vanozvidavirira zvakananga kuvanhu makore maviri ari ose. Munhambo yazvino uno, kuzvidavirira uku kwave kwakawedzerwa nechero dzakakwirira dzokudzora Dare, hurumende, uye muitiro wokuwedzera.

Micrometers dzinogovera banza rakarongwa rokuitazve dzikamo yesimba muWashington. Vanogona kumisa purezidhendi ’ zvirongwa, kutanga mabasa ezvamatongerwe enyika, kudzoserazve jaji, uye kuratidzira kuchinja kwezvinokosha zvevavhoti veAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti kusarudza kwapakati penhambo kwakakodzera sei mukuvakwa kwakafara kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, vagari vemo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani simba ravo vamene nomutoro mukuumba nyika nguva yemberi. Utano hweRepublicism yeAmerica hunotsamira pakuronzeta uye kuzivisa ukoshingarudzo huru yeizvi zvisarudzo.